Nutrition for a sick intestine: what foods should you eat so as not to harm it

We welcome all readers of our blog who are interested in nutrition for a sick intestine.

After all, the posing of this question today is acquiring a large-scale character, shifting towards the youth age category, not to mention people of the older generation.

Therefore, preventive measures such as a therapeutic diet contribute to the effective restoration of intestinal function for many people.

Natalya, an employee of our company, a very smart girl and diligent at work, before pregnancy she was extremely careless about her health.

Her diet often boiled down to dry food, snacks on the go, fast food, sausage sandwiches, or a traditional cup of coffee in the morning.

It is clear that her intestines sometimes rebelled with unpleasant constipation, which Natalya did not attach importance to.

One day at work she became ill: she began to experience sharp pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, and dizziness. I had to call an ambulance.

At the hospital, after an examination, doctors said that during pregnancy her chronic obstruction worsened due to decreased intestinal motility.

After a course of intensive therapy, Natalya was discharged, but was strongly recommended to pay attention to her diet. This is necessary in order to normalize the functioning of the intestines and avoid additional discomfort.

Since during the further course of pregnancy, the growing uterus will constantly put pressure on her intestines, causing intense pain.

What physiological processes occur in our intestines? What provokes the development of his diseases?

What healthy diet a person should follow to restore and maintain the normal functioning of his body, we’ll talk about this further.

Physiology of the digestive process

During the digestion process, one of the key functions of the body is performed by the intestines. It consists of two sections: the small and large intestine. Let us consider separately what processes occur there.

Small intestine

In the small intestine, complete digestion of nutrients and their further absorption take place.

Here, a complex breakdown of proteins occurs under the influence of pancreatic lipase into mono- and diglycerides. Then, after hydrolysis of the intestinal cells, they turn into chylomirons, which are transformed into the lymph.

Carbohydrates in this zone, under the action of pancreatic amylase, turn into monosaccharides.

Hydrolysis in the small intestine is facilitated by enzymes from intestinal bacteria, and the digestion process is aided by intestinal and pancreatic juice.

Colon

In our large intestine, processes that complete digestion occur, here:

• The chyme is concentrated;
• Feces are formed;
• Electrolytes, water-soluble vitamins, fatty acids are absorbed;
• Dietary fiber of plant cells is broken down;
• Vitamins of group B, PP, K are synthesized.

Microflora plays a special role in the physiology of the colon; it contributes to:

• Formation of normal mucosa;
• Regulation of water-salt and gas exchange;
• Lipid metabolism;
• Enzyme inactivation;
• Fermentation of carbon dioxide into acidic products.

Causes and symptoms of pain

The causes of pain in the intestines are:

• Numerous stresses;
• Poor nutrition;
• Bad environment;
• Excessive consumption of alcohol and caffeine;
• Excess of bacterial enzymes.

These pains vary in severity. They can be aching or stabbing, cramping or pulling.

Spasmodic pain occurs when:

• Colpitis;
• Dysentery;
• Diarrhea;
• Salmonellosis;
• Enterite;
• Irritable bowel syndrome.

Aching pain in the left abdominal region is associated with constant tension in the intestinal wall. Its results may be:

• Atonic constipation;
• Volvulus;
• Defecation disorder;
• Massive helminthiasis;
• Adhesive disease;
• Tumors.

Acute pain indicates dangerous conditions of the intestines or internal organs when:

• Acute appendicitis;
• Ectopic pregnancy;
• Renal colic;
• Peritonitis;
• Perforation of the stomach or intestines.

Objectives and principles of dietary therapy

For intestinal diseases caused by a certain pathology of the process, the state of motility and the age of the patient, gastroenterologists strongly recommend a healthy diet. A properly formulated diet is aimed at:

• Normalization of microflora;
• Prevention of the development of food intolerance;
• Activation of metabolism, which not only treats, but also prevents exacerbation of the disease;
• Replenishing the deficiency of essential nutrients.

The patient should adhere to:

1. Proper, regular diet.
2. An approximately balanced menu, taking into account the calories and chemical composition of the main products.
3. A healthy lifestyle with reasonable physical activity.

Diet food

With intestinal diseases, healthy nutrition is a daily necessity for a person. His diet excludes or limits the consumption of certain foods.

However, modern technologies for preparing dietary dishes today make it possible not only to diversify the sample menu, but also to fully comply with the necessary requirements of the treatment process.

Let's consider what basic nutritional points you need to pay attention to for the most common intestinal diseases.

Diarrhea

This clinical syndrome occurs in diseases of the small and large intestines. It is characterized by frequent, more than three times a day, natural bowel movements, liquid or mushy mucous stools.

Diet therapy for diarrhea syndrome should:

• Help reduce intestinal motility;
• Include warm mucous soups, jelly, pureed porridge, strong tea in the diet;
• Exclude from the sample menu the use of dishes with turnips, onions, radishes, sorrel, radishes, mushrooms, garlic;
• Include foods containing simple carbohydrates in your diet.

Constipation

This syndrome is associated with persistent and long-term dysfunction of the colon. It is characterized by a rare frequency of stool, less than three times a week. In this case, the process of defecation is accompanied by long-term forced straining.

If there is constipation, the patient's diet must include foods that enhance motility, rich in dietary fiber in the form of indigestible carbohydrates, fiber or ballast substances.

In the sample menu, preference should be given to:

• Vegetables;
• Cabbage;
• Fruits;
• Apricots;
• Dried fruits;
• Carrots;
• Zernov;
• Buckwheat, oatmeal, barley cereals;
• Seaweed.

At this point in our story we want to pause, relax and talk with you about sweets.

Do you have a sweet tooth? It happens! Many, just like you, cannot resist the display cases where sweets in bright candy wrappers, appetizing cakes or delicious crispy cookies with the addition of nuts, chocolate, and dried fruits are laid out.

But have you recently lost your appetite, have you been experiencing bubbling flatulence in your stomach, profuse passing of gas with moderate diarrhea?

This is very similar to fermentative dyspepsia, which develops with an excess amount of easily digestible carbohydrates. They suppress intestinal microflora and promote the growth of opportunistic organisms.

At the same time, fermentation of sugars begins, the formation of large amounts of water and gases.

Our advice! Eliminate sweets, jelly, various white porridges, buns, and mashed potatoes from your diet. Switch to boiled meat, lean fish, protein omelettes, buckwheat, soy isolates.

Teas made from mint or chamomile, strawberries or lingonberries help well.

Where can I find out more?

How to help your sick intestines with folk remedies? What menu to choose for a healthy diet? Today, you can find comprehensive information on all these questions of interest in the book "Healthy eating schools" from Elena Levitskaya.

Here are Ayurveda methods and recipes for cleansing the gastrointestinal tract using herbal medicine or other health programs. In addition, everyone here can find an individual nutrition program for their illness.

If you want to learn more about proper nutrition for intestinal diseases, we advise you to subscribe to our blog. Here you can always find the necessary information for yourself to alleviate your condition with healthy eating. In addition, in your comments you can share your personal experiences online with friends and together find ways to solve intestinal problems.

Be healthy! Don't get sick!
Goodbye, see you again!

With respect, Brothers Valitov!

Many adults and children suffer from heaviness, bloating and painful sensations in the intestines. The causes of these symptoms may be various gastroenterological diseases, but often discomfort and pain arise due to improper eating behavior and consumption of inappropriate foods. If pain in the intestines is the result of errors in nutrition, this is easy to understand by following a special diet for some time. It involves giving up a number of foods, the consumption of which can cause the intestines to react with painful cramps and bloating. Read the article about what a diet should be for intestinal pain.

What should be the diet for intestinal pain?

For intestinal pain, food should be light, simple and quickly digestible. At the same time, it must satisfy the body’s needs for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and microelements. The calorie content of the daily diet for an adult is 2-2.5 thousand kcal.

To minimize the load on the digestive tract, the food consumed should have a soft consistency and a comfortable temperature. It is recommended to consume porridge- and puree-like dishes, soups, soufflés, pates, that is, dishes in which the ingredients are thoroughly ground. This will make the digestion process easier. All food must be chewed thoroughly.

In cases where the stomach and intestines hurt, you need a diet that includes:

• fractional meals: it is necessary to take 5-6 meals during the day, portions should not weigh more than 250 grams, the intervals between meals are 2-3 hours;
• avoiding overeating;
• eliminating the consumption of dry food and snacks “on the go”;
• steaming, boiling, stewing, baking;
• reducing the amount of spices, salt, sugar.

What should be excluded from the menu?

Those that cause flatulence and heaviness in the abdomen should be excluded. Most often, fresh vegetables and fruits cause bloating, as they contain a lot of fiber, which the body is not able to digest. Fiber, accumulating in the intestines, leads to increased gas formation. In addition, all legumes have gas-forming properties: beans, peas, chickpeas, lentils. Their use also needs to be limited. If a person suffers from pain in the intestines after eating, following such a diet can relieve discomfort.

In addition, you need to remove heavy, difficult-to-digest foods from the menu. This includes mushrooms, corn, fatty meat (lamb, pork), lard, fresh white bread, baked goods, fast food, canned food, smoked meats, sausages, mayonnaise.

Milk

Digestive problems can be caused by products such as milk. Most often, discomfort in the stomach is caused by drinking whole milk, and for some people it is enough to take just a few sips to start the fermentation process. Increased gas formation, bloating, and cramps after drinking milk are a consequence of fermentopathy. To break down milk sugar - lactose - a special enzyme is produced in the intestine - lactase. It converts lactose into glucose and galactose. If lactase is not produced enough, milk sugar is not digested, and the process of its fermentation in the intestines begins, with all the ensuing consequences: bloating, painful cramps, heaviness, diarrhea.

If there is discomfort in the intestines, you need to exclude milk and dishes to which it is added (mashed potatoes, milk porridge, coffee with milk) from the diet for at least 2 weeks. During this time, you need to monitor your body and your own well-being. If the discomfort in the intestines does not recur, it may be the milk. Milk is introduced into the diet and the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is monitored.

Note: in lactose-sensitive people, bloating appears an hour after drinking whole milk or a dish in which it is present.

Gluten

Stomach discomfort may occur when eating foods containing gluten. Gluten intolerance is most often observed in children, but it can develop at any age. It is caused by the lack of enzymes in the body that break down gluten - a vegetable protein found in cereals (wheat, barley, oats).

Gluten itself is not harmful. Vice versa. It contains 18 essential amino acids necessary for metabolic processes in the body, the proper functioning of the immune, digestive, and nervous systems, growth and tissue repair.

Contained not only in cereals and flour products. It is added as a thickener and preservative to sauces, sausages, yoghurts and even cosmetic products.

If you are gluten intolerant, after eating foods with this protein, a person may experience symptoms similar to an intestinal disorder: pain in the lower abdomen, nausea and vomiting, bowel problems (diarrhea or constipation). For people with gluten intolerance, even a small portion of a dish containing it can cause intestinal discomfort, rumbling, and bloating. In this case, it is necessary to completely eliminate foods containing gluten and follow a gluten-free diet.

What can you eat?

For discomfort in the intestines, bloating and flatulence, it is important to consume fermented milk products containing beneficial bacteria. They will help normalize the intestinal microflora. To avoid problems with stool, it is better to choose fermented milk products made 2-3 days before consumption. They will not provoke disorders and will not hold the stool together.

It is useful to drink kefir, yogurt, fermented baked milk. They contain lactic acid, which feeds intestinal bacteria. Consumption of fermented milk products helps to increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestines and reduce the number of putrefactive pathogens. This allows you to get rid of the symptoms of dysbiosis, eliminate bloating, and provide comfort in the intestines.

Depending on the nature of the stool, the diet should contain products from one of the following categories:

• improving intestinal motility: dried fruits, fermented milk drinks, bran bread, fresh vegetables, herbs;
• slowing down bowel emptying: viscous porridge, jelly, blueberries;
• that do not change intestinal motility: dishes made from eggs, cottage cheese, fish, meat.

Important! Thanks to a properly selected menu, you can regulate stool, influence the number of bowel movements and the consistency of stool.

At the beginning of the article, we said that when the intestines hurt, you need to reduce the amount of fresh vegetables and fruits in your diet due to the abundance of fiber in them. But this does not mean that fiber is not needed at all. Fiber has a beneficial effect on intestinal motility and helps cleanse the colon of feces. Fiber mechanically affects the intestinal receptors, and bile adsorbed by plant fibers irritates the mucous membrane. This stimulates the movement of feces through the intestines and their exit.

You can and should eat foods with fiber, but for intestinal pain, it is recommended to eat stewed, boiled, baked vegetables and fruits. It is useful to eat dried fruits and cereals (in the absence of gluten intolerance).

Note: according to nutritionists, the most beneficial foods for intestinal microflora are yogurt without additives, bananas, bran, apples, artichokes, and celery. They can be included in the daily menu.

What to drink?

It is worth mentioning not only what you can eat when you have pain in the intestines, but also about drinks in your diet. If you have discomfort in the intestines, it is not recommended to drink drinks immediately after eating. You must wait at least 40 minutes. Before meals, 20-30 minutes before eating, it is useful to drink warm water.

Drinks that are good for the intestines include kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt, herbal teas (especially mint and dill), ginger tea, cranberry juice, and chicory. But kvass, soda, strong tea, coffee, energy drinks and alcoholic drinks are not recommended.

Note: by drinking at least 2 liters of clean water a day, you can prevent the development of constipation and the appearance of various uncomfortable sensations associated with intestinal overcrowding and the accumulation of feces in it.

If discomfort in the stomach is associated with food intake and drinks consumed, it is worth reviewing your daily menu and removing foods that are harmful to digestion from it. But in cases where dietary adjustments do not lead to improvement in well-being, you need to consult a gastroenterologist. Perhaps discomfort in the intestines is a symptom of a dangerous disease.

5441 0

In recent years, domestic and foreign gastroenterologists have paid special attention to intestinal diseases.

This is largely due not only to the increase in the number of patients with functional or organic intestinal damage, but also to the constant improvement of diagnostic methods and complex treatment.

Many reasons for the pathology of the small and large intestine lie in the lifestyle of a modern person: irrational and unbalanced nutrition with a deficiency or priority of any substances, physical inactivity, stress, unfavorable environmental conditions, deteriorating socio-economic conditions.

The intestine in the human body plays one of the key roles in the digestion process. In the small intestine, through cavity and parietal membrane digestion, hydrolysis of the main nutrients occurs, followed by absorption.

Food proteins are broken down by enterokinase-activated pancreatic proteases into oligopeptides, which, in turn, are hydrolyzed by intestinal peptidases to form amino acids that are further absorbed.

Emulsified in the cavity of the small intestine, food triglycerides are exposed to pancreatic lipase and are broken down into mono- and diglycerides, which are hydrolyzed inside the intestinal cells, turning into chylomirones, and transported to the lymph.

Carbohydrates received from food, under the influence of pancreatic amylase, break down into oligosaccharides in the cavity of the small intestine with further conversion under the action of intestinal disaccharidases into monosaccharides. The large intestine serves as a reservoir for feces and plays an important role in the absorption of fluid, substances not absorbed in the small intestine, as well as in residual digestion.

Therapeutic nutrition of patients with intestinal pathology plays an important role in the complex of therapeutic measures. Universal diets do not contain rose hips or 1.5 kg of peeled apples in the form of puree (apples contain a large amount of pectin, which has an antidiarrheal effect) (Table 26.1). The patient is recommended a diet corresponding to the previously accepted number table 4 (4a).

Brief description: a diet with a normal amount of protein, limiting fats and carbohydrates to the lower limit of normal. The purpose of this diet is to reduce inflammatory changes in the intestinal mucosa through maximum mechanical and chemical sparing.

All dishes are boiled or steamed and pureed. Reduce the content of table salt to 6-8 g, exclude foods and dishes that enhance the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, in particular milk, sweets, legumes, coarse fiber (fresh vegetables, herbs, fruits and berries), all dishes that stimulate bile secretion , secretion of the stomach and pancreas (sauces, spices, snacks). The diet is fractional - 5-6 times a day.

Chemical composition: proteins - 100 g, fats - 70 g, carbohydrates - 250 g, energy value - 2100 kcal.

Soups - in low-fat meat or fish broth with the addition of mucous decoctions (rice, buckwheat, oatmeal, flour), steamed or boiled meat or fish dumplings in water, meatballs, egg flakes, boiled and pureed meat, which is added along with mucous decoctions.

Porridges - pureed from rice, oatmeal, buckwheat, semolina and other cereals - are prepared in water or in low-fat meat broth.

Fresh (preferably calcined) cottage cheese in pureed form is allowed. Butter, fresh, is added to dishes.

For baked goods, crackers of the highest quality are shown, made from white wheat bread, untoasted, thinly sliced.

Table 26.1. An approximate one-day diet menu for severe exacerbation of intestinal diseases accompanied by diarrhea (diet No. 4, 4a)

This diet option is physiologically inferior and monotonous, so it is prescribed for 2-5 days.

Then, as the severity of dyspeptic and pain syndromes decreases, they switch to a physiologically complete diet 4b (a diet option with mechanical and chemical sparing) for a period of 1-2 months to several years - until the stool is completely normalized.

Brief description: the diet is physiologically complete with moderate limitation of mechanical and chemical irritants of the gastrointestinal tract. All dishes are boiled or steamed, pureed, slimy, and served warm. Meals are fractional - 5-6 times a day. Use foods rich in tannin (blueberries, strong black tea, cocoa, natural red wines) containing simple carbohydrates to delay bowel movements.

Chemical composition: proteins - 100-120 g, fats - 100-120 g, carbohydrates - 400 g, calorie content - 3000-3500 kcal.

As sources of simple carbohydrates, they recommend day-old wheat bread, dry biscuits and cookies like “Maria”; pie with boiled meat, apples and cheesecakes with cottage cheese are allowed 2 times a week (total bakery products no more than 200 g/day).

Slimy soups are prepared in low-fat meat or fish broth, or in vegetable broth with well-cooked cereals, vermicelli, noodles, and finely chopped vegetables.

Lean varieties of meat and fish are allowed (beef, veal, rabbit, chicken, pike perch, bream, cod, perch) in the form of boiled cutlets, quenelles, soufflé, if well tolerated in the form of a whole piece.

Porridges (except for wheat and pearl barley) are prepared in water with the addition of 1/3 of milk or cream of 10% fat content.

Vegetables are given in the form of pureed vegetable purees or casseroles of potatoes, carrots, and zucchini. If tolerated well, ripe tomatoes are allowed (up to 100 g/day).

It is possible to eat soft-boiled eggs (up to 2 eggs per day) or as additives to dishes, egg white omelettes, meringues, snowballs.

Jelly, jellies, mousses, pureed compotes of sweet berries and fruits (except melons, watermelons, apricots and plums), baked apples, raw berries (strawberries, raspberries up to 100 g), pureed peeled ripe sweet apples are used as sources of vitamins. and pears. Fruit juices diluted in a 1:1 ratio with water are allowed. Their intake begins with 50 ml, gradually increasing to 100-150 ml per day.

Cranberry, pomegranate, blueberry, and raspberry juices have a bactericidal effect, due to the presence of organic acids. Significant quantities of tannins and pectins are contained in blueberry, quince, apple juice with pulp and cherry juice.

Fresh milk is used only in dishes; calcined cottage cheese is allowed in the form of pudding, casserole, and a separate dish.

The nature of the recommended diet depends on the disease, the state of intestinal motor function, the nature of intestinal dyspepsia, the presence or absence of food intolerance, age, professional activity and individual taste preferences of the patient.

Eating must be done at the same hours to restore the endogenous biorhythm of digestion. Food, if possible, should be as varied as possible.

The patient is strongly advised to keep a food diary recording the time of food intake, its quantity and type. A carefully compiled food diary allows you to identify one or another food intolerance and the relationship of clinical manifestations with the consumption of certain foods.

With the help of a properly formulated diet, the attending physician can achieve the following tasks: normalization of intestinal motor activity, prevention of food intolerance, replenishment of the deficiency of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, combating excess gas formation, influence on the composition of the intestinal microflora.

Modification of diet due to bowel disease

The radical method of treating intestinal carcinoid tumors should certainly be their complete removal, however, unfortunately, in most cases there is a late diagnosis of the disease after the appearance of metastases.

Taking into account the ability of carcinoid formations to enhance protein catabolism and produce a number of hormonally active peptides (serotonin, histamine, etc.), such patients are recommended a diet similar to diet No. 4, but with a higher protein content and with a limitation of foods containing a lot of serotonin (walnuts , pineapples, kiwi, plums, tomatoes, eggplants, bananas) and its predecessor - 5-hydroxytryptophan (meat).

Eating large quantities of meat in such patients can provoke “hot flash” syndrome (redness of the skin, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath, tachycardia, changes in blood pressure).

For ischemic intestinal disease, avoid foods that cause flatulence. In order to reduce spasm of mesenteric vessels after eating, the patient is recommended to lie for 2-3 hours with a warm heating pad on his stomach.

In inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), Whipple's disease, pronounced protein losses are observed through the damaged intestinal mucosa, as well as due to intoxication and increased protein catabolism while taking glucocorticoids. Such patients need to increase the daily protein quota to 1.5-2 g/kg body weight and sharply limit fiber.

In case of severe disease, it is advisable to supplement nutrition with depolymerized enteral formulas or provide parenteral support. In addition, in case of ulcerative colitis and hypersensitivity to milk proteins, it is recommended to exclude dairy products in the acute phase of the disease.

In the case of amyloidosis of the small intestine, food protein is a plastic material for the formation of glycoprotein - amyloid; as a result, patients need to reduce the amount of protein in the diet to 60-80 g/day. Limit intake of foods rich in casein (milk, cheese). It is recommended to increase foods containing starch (

Diet 4 for intestinal diseases is positioned as one of the options for therapeutic nutrition. Recommended for patients with colitis, digestive disorders, dysentery, enterocolitis.

General rules

This type of diet is prescribed to patients during the treatment of digestive system disorders and intestinal pathologies accompanied by diarrhea. Its main task is to eliminate the pathological processes accompanying these diseases.

The diet completely excludes dishes that can stimulate the secretory functions of the stomach and activate the functioning of the gallbladder. Heat treatment involves cooking and steam cooking. Dishes are served in liquid, semi-liquid and pureed form.

General dietary rules:

• six meals a day;
• preparation of products is allowed only by boiling and steaming;
• Solid foods, thick, hot and cold foods are completely prohibited.

Diet types #4

Table No. 4 is divided into three subtypes - 4A, 4B, 4B. The main difference is the food set.

This therapeutic nutrition option is prescribed in the acute period of the disease. The diet menu is monotonous and excludes many foods. It is recommended to be observed for two to five days. Energy value – 1600 Kcal.

Table 4B is prescribed during the period of exacerbation of chronic gastrointestinal pathologies - for diseases of the liver, kidneys, biliary tract, pancreas. Table 4B is physiologically complete, so it can be practiced for a long time. Energy value – 2900 Kcal.

The diet is practiced during the first 7 days after surgery, as well as after the end of the acute period of intestinal disease. Used as a transition from the treatment table to the general one. Energy value – 3140 Kcal.

Indications for use

• acute period of intestinal disease, accompanied by severe diarrhea;
• severe exacerbation of chronic pathologies.

Allowed food basket

The list of products approved by nutritionists for use in developing a daily menu is quite extensive. It is represented by the following positions:

• Already dried (day before yesterday) wheat bread, homemade crackers. The permissible norm for 24 hours is no more than 200 grams of product. Additionally, dry cookies (biscuits) are allowed.
• Puree porridge. They are the basis of the patient’s diet. Semolina, white rice, buckwheat, and oatmeal are allowed. They are prepared either in water or in fat-free (skimmed) meat broth.
• Butter. Use only 50 grams per day.
• Soups. When cooking, you need to take the removed (second) one from under the fish/meat. For filling, take cereals, a minimum of vegetables, boiled meat pureed or processed with a blender/meat grinder, dumplings, eggs, meatballs.
• Meat. Only dietary varieties are allowed - veal, beef, chicken breast, turkey, rabbits. Before cooking, the skin must be removed and the tendons cut out.
• Steamed cutlets, meatballs, quenelles. When collecting minced meat, bread must be replaced with semolina or boiled rice. It is allowed to prepare meat pate by adding a minimum amount of salt.
• Low-fat fish. Serving in the form of a whole boiled/steamed piece is allowed. If it is a chopped version, then it can be quenelles, cutlets, meatballs. Cooking or steam cooking is allowed.
• Eggs. The norm is 2 pieces per day. Served soft-boiled, in the form of a steam omelette. It is allowed to be mixed into soups (you get hearty egg flakes) and soufflés.
• Low-fat pureed cottage cheese. Used for making casseroles and soufflés.
• Vegetables. It is allowed to be used exclusively in pureed form, adding a small amount when cooking soup. The volumes are minimal.
• Fruits - apples (fresh, in the form of puree), jelly (blueberries, bird cherry, dogwood, quince, pears), fruit drinks.
• Juices from sweet berries (previously diluted with boiled water in equal proportions). Grape, plum and apricot fruits are prohibited.

As a drink, it is allowed to use: herbal teas, rosehip uzvar, infusion of bird cherry berries, tea (green or black varieties), still water (no more than 1.5 liters per day).

Prohibited Products

Table No. 4 completely excludes the consumption of foods containing fiber.

The list of prohibited products includes:

• Vegetables. They can be added to soups in small quantities and pureed.
• Bread. Whole grain, rye, bran, cereal. It is difficult to digest and can injure the mucous membrane.
• Fresh pastries, pancakes/pancakes. They provoke the processes of fermentation and rotting.
• Jam, honey, jam, dried fruits, sweets. During the day you are allowed to use 50 grams of granulated sugar.
• Porridge – millet, barley, barley, legumes.
• Pasta.
• Fatty broths. They contribute to increased intestinal motility and worsening of the condition.
• Fatty meats and fish.
• Canned food, pickles and fish in particular.
• Whole milk, cream, sour cream, cheese. May cause increased diarrhea. Milk must be diluted with water. It is used only for cooking porridges and puddings.
• Cocoa, coffee with milk, sweet soda, kvass.
• Sauces, marinades.
• Smoked meats, ham, sausages.

These products can stimulate gastrointestinal motility and cause bloating.

Sample weekly menu

It is necessary to organize six meals a day. Be sure to alternate dishes to avoid monotony.

Monday

1st breakfast: oatmeal with a piece of butter, a soft-boiled egg, a drink.

2nd breakfast: pureed apple (fresh or pre-cooked in the oven).

Lunch: soup with rice cereal and the addition of minced meatballs, homemade croutons, buckwheat with chicken cutlets (stewed in water or steamed), apple-pear drink.

Afternoon snack: jelly with biscuits or homemade croutons.

Dinner: semolina (without adding granulated sugar), a portion of boiled fish, a drink.

Late dinner: jelly.

Tuesday

1st breakfast: rice porridge (sweetened) with a piece of butter, crackers, rose hip broth.

2nd breakfast: a few spoons of cottage cheese.

Lunch: meat broth thickened with semolina, steamed dumplings of minced chicken/turkey, side dish - boiled rice, homemade croutons, jelly.

Afternoon snack: an apple baked in the oven and chopped in a blender.

Dinner: egg, buckwheat porridge, drink.

Late dinner: compote of allowed dried fruits with biscuits.

Wednesday

1st breakfast: thoroughly boiled oatmeal with a piece of butter, a pureed piece of boiled meat, a little cottage cheese, tea, biscuits.

2nd breakfast: fruit puree.

Lunch: chicken broth with rice cereal and egg flakes, grated buckwheat porridge, meatballs, fruit drink.

Afternoon snack: jelly with biscuits.

Dinner: minced fish meatballs (you can use hake), garnished with well-cooked rice, sweet black tea.

Late dinner: jelly.

Thursday

1st breakfast: buckwheat porridge with a piece of butter, a soft-boiled egg, a little cottage cheese, a fruit drink.

2nd breakfast: jelly with wheat bread dried in the oven.

Lunch: soup with meatballs, thickened with semolina, homemade croutons, thoroughly boiled rice cereal, garnished with steamed minced fish balls, jelly.

Afternoon snack: rosehip broth, homemade crackers.

Dinner: cottage cheese-buckwheat pudding, meat soufflé, drink.

Late dinner: pear broth.

Friday

1 breakfast: rice pudding, low-fat cottage cheese, tea,

2nd breakfast: berry broth.

Lunch: fish broth with fish balls and rice, homemade croutons, minced chicken cutlets (steamed), garnished with grated buckwheat, berry broth.

Afternoon snack: unsweetened decoction of rose hips with biscuits.

Dinner: steam omelette, sweet semolina porridge, tea.

Late dinner: decoction of dried fruits (apples and black currants).

Saturday

1st breakfast: buckwheat pudding with cottage cheese, baked apple puree, tea.

2nd breakfast: pear and apple compote.

Lunch: broth with semolina and stirred egg, veal cutlets (steamed), garnished with pureed rice porridge, pear compote.

Afternoon snack: berry compote with biscuits.

Dinner: oatmeal with sugar-free butter, soft-boiled egg, black tea.

Late dinner: jelly.

Sunday

1st breakfast: thoroughly boiled oatmeal with a piece of butter and steamed minced chicken/turkey cutlets, a drink, homemade croutons made from white wheat bread.

2nd breakfast: a few spoons of low-fat cottage cheese.

Lunch: beef broth with meatballs, thickened with semolina, pureed buckwheat porridge with lean fish meatballs, fruit jelly.

Afternoon snack: black tea with homemade crackers.

Dinner: rice porridge with a piece of butter, a soft-boiled egg, a drink.

Late dinner: compote of allowed dried fruits.

Recipes

We offer several recipes for dishes that may be included in diet menu No. 4.

Fish meatballs

Components:

• water – 55 ml;
• rice – 55 grams;
• butter – 15 grams;
• fish fillet – 300 grams.

Preparation:

1. Prepare sticky rice.
2. Pass it through a meat grinder at least twice, adding fish.
3. Stir the butter into the resulting mass, add water and add a little salt.
4. Prepare meatballs from the kneaded minced meat and steam.

Hake balls (steam)

Ingredients: egg, hake fillet – 300 grams; semolina grits – 50 grams; salt to taste. Preparation: Grind the fish through a meat grinder. Place semolina, salt and egg into the minced meat. Mix. Form into balls and steam.

Steamed beef cutlets

Ingredients: beef – 710 grams, onion – 1 piece, chicken eggs – 2 pieces, rice flour – 110 grams, salt. Preparation:

1. Grind the beef and onions using a meat grinder.
2. Mix eggs, flour and salt into the minced meat.
3. Knead the mixture and place it on the refrigerator shelf for 1 hour.
4. Cook the formed cutlets in a double boiler for half an hour.

Ingredients:

• eggs – 2 pieces;
• milk – 1.5 cups.

Steam omelet is one of the options for serving eggs

Preparation:

1. Pour milk over the eggs and beat the mixture thoroughly. Add some salt.
2. Place a container filled with the mixture into the multicooker bowl. Cook in “steam” mode.
3. You can also use a steam bath.

Buckwheat-curd pudding

Ingredients: buckwheat – ¼ cup, fat-free/low-fat cottage cheese – 155 grams, egg, granulated sugar – 1 spoon. Preparation:

1. Boil the buckwheat and grind.
2. Mix it with cottage cheese. Add the yolk, sweeten, mix again and add the thoroughly beaten white.
3. Transfer the mixture to a greased pan and steam.

Diet No. 4 for children

In childhood, it is prescribed for the development of severe diarrhea. The first day is fasting. The child should drink herbal infusions and teas within 24 hours. Mineral water without gases is allowed. Daily fluid intake is no more than 1 liter. Drinks should be given often, but in small portions, so as not to cause vomiting. From the second day the child is transferred to diet No. 4.

The child can receive:

• dried wheat bread;
• slimy rice concoctions;
• “second” broths made with chicken or beef - they can be thickened with semolina or oatmeal;
• steam-cooked fish and meat dishes;
• pureed porridge from buckwheat, rice, oatmeal;
• soups - you can put chopped meat or meatballs in them;
• steam omelette;
• cottage cheese – can be served in its natural form or as a casserole.

Kissel should only be prepared at home; packaged versions are not recommended, especially for children.

Butter can only be used as an additive to a dish. Allowed drinks are decoctions of blueberries, rose hips, quince fruits and jelly. Baked goods, soups - cooked with vegetables or milk, smoked meats, sausages, canned food, fatty meats, sour cream, milk, vegetables (fresh and cooked), fresh fruits, grape juice are completely prohibited.

The diet provides for six meals a day. Duration – 6 days. Then it can be expanded. It is allowed to introduce a small amount of vegetables - zucchini, potatoes, carrots, cauliflower, pumpkin, small vermicelli, porridge cooked with milk. You can add a little sour cream to the soup.

Therapeutic diet No. 4 is a nutritional system recommended for acute/chronic gastrointestinal diseases accompanied by severe diarrhea. Dishes are allowed to be changed at your discretion, but it is important to follow the basic principles of preparation and recommendations for food baskets.

The intestinal tract plays an important role in human life. There are often situations when digestion fails. This can be an acute or chronic disease, dysbacteriosis. To prevent this from happening, a special diet for the intestines must be followed.

Acute and chronic diseases can affect any part of the intestinal canal. If the disease is long-term, then there is a gradual depletion of the body, because it is deprived of all the necessary nutrients.

Enterocolitis is accompanied by severe fermentation and rotting of food in the intestinal canal. Against this background, the patient experiences loose stools and prolonged diarrhea. In order to normalize metabolic processes and not irritate the intestinal walls, a diet for the intestines must be followed.

Expert opinions agree that the menu should be compiled based on the type of disease. To reduce the load on the digestive organs, food should be eaten in small portions. The number of doses should be 5-6 times per day. If metabolic processes are severely disturbed, the doctor prescribes taking fortified complexes.

If the body is severely depleted, then beneficial and nutrients are injected into a vein through a drip. The healing of the digestive canal is accelerated if the diet is selected individually.

The general principles of nutrition are:

• in solving problems with metabolism;
• in eliminating the symptoms of the disease and preventing re-exacerbation;
• in regular meals. Food should enter the body at the same time;
• in a varied diet;
• in following a light and balanced diet.

Dietary nutrition is undoubtedly the key to a healthy life, but it must be observed simultaneously with drug treatment and adherence to the rules of a healthy lifestyle.

Types of dietary food

What can you eat? The composition includes a lot of plant foods in the form of vegetables and fruits, oils, herbal preparations.

Diet for acute intestinal diseases

When the intestines hurt, this indicates that there is an inflammatory process and indigestion in the body. In this case, prolonged diarrhea is observed. For intestinal pain, it is recommended to follow diet number 4.

Nutrition during an acute process should saturate the body with useful components, stop the development of the inflammatory process and remove congestion in the intestines.

A diet for intestinal pain involves reducing fat and carbohydrates. But the amount of proteins should remain at the same level.

Dishes must be crushed or liquid. You need to eat up to six times a day.

If , then the following are completely excluded:

• bakery;
• vegetable and fruit dishes;
• cereals;
• pasta;
• fatty broths and soups;
• fatty meat and fish;
• sweets.

The main emphasis should be on vegetable soups.

Diet number 4b allows you to improve the condition of the intestinal tract in the absence of severe pain. It will also be useful for sore stomach, esophagus and liver. This type of nutrition helps reduce the area of ​​inflammation and normalize the functioning of the organ.

The emphasis is on increasing the amount of protein foods. All food must be ground or ground. Only warm foods should be consumed. You need to eat up to five to six times a day.

• bread;
• baking;
• legumes;
• canned food;
• vegetables in the form of cabbage, beets, radishes, radishes, onions, garlic and cucumber;
• mushrooms;
• fruits in the form of grapes, apricots, plums;
• dried fruits.

The emphasis is on soups, liquid porridges and vegetable purees.

During remission or when acute symptoms disappear, the patient is recommended to follow diet number 4c. The impact of such a diet is aimed at normalizing the functioning of the intestinal tract, stomach, and liver.

The emphasis is on including plenty of protein. A small amount of salt can be added to the menu. Food should not be crushed before consumption. You need to eat five times a day.

Diet number 4c allows the consumption of baked or fried fish.

Gluten-free diet

This type of diet pays attention to protein and calcium intake. Those products that contain gluten particles should be eliminated from the menu. This includes all grain crops in the form of wheat, rye, barley.

The principle of nutrition is based on the absence of accumulation of food masses in the intestines and the prevention of injury to the intestinal walls. Dishes that stimulate the secretion of bile and digestive enzymes are excluded from the menu.

Food should be steamed or boiled. If the patient has diarrhea, then the food should be crushed. Hot and cold foods are allowed. Meals should be taken six times a day.

The emphasis is on fruit dishes, cereals, soups, bread. A proper breakfast menu should include soups made with oatmeal and rice broth.

The doctor selects a diet for each patient individually. But there is a sample menu that anyone can use and add their own adjustments.

Sample menu for the week.

First day

1. In the morning after sleep, it is best to eat cottage cheese, thin oatmeal with water. Wash everything down with rice water.
2. For an afternoon snack, you can have blueberry jelly.
3. For lunch, semolina porridge and chicken soufflé are perfect. You should wash everything down with apple juice, which has been previously diluted with water.
4. A warm rosehip decoction is suitable for a snack.
5. In the evening, you can prepare rice porridge and an omelette from egg whites. You need to wash everything down with compote.
6. At night, drink a mug of liquid jelly.

Second day

1. The next morning it is better to eat a boiled egg and drink tea.
2. Rice pudding is perfect for an afternoon snack.
3. At lunchtime, you should cook buckwheat porridge in water and make dumplings from minced chicken. You need to drink herbal tea.
4. Blueberry compote is perfect for an afternoon snack.
5. In the evening you can eat cottage cheese and baked apple. You need to wash everything down with berry tea.
6. At night, drink a glass of rosehip-based decoction.

Third day

1. After sleep, you need to eat rice soup and crackers. You need to wash everything down with cocoa.
2. For an afternoon snack you can eat semolina pudding.
3. For lunch, semolina porridge and boiled fish are suitable. You should wash everything down with apple jelly.
4. For an afternoon snack, eat a soft-boiled egg.
5. For the evening, you can prepare minced chicken cutlets. Rice is suitable as a side dish. You need to wash everything down with bird cherry compote.
6. At night, drink a glass of berry or herbal infusion.

Fourth day

1. For breakfast, it is better to eat rice porridge with cottage cheese, and wash it all down with fruit compote.
2. For second breakfast, currant jelly is suitable.
3. For lunch you can eat fish soufflé, buckwheat porridge, and chamomile tea.
4. For the second afternoon snack, you drink rice water.
5. For dinner, a white omelette, fish dumplings and berry compote are prepared.
6. Before going to bed, drink broth made with meat.

Fifth day

1. In the morning you should eat semolina porridge and wash it all down with jelly.
2. Applesauce and cottage cheese are suitable as a snack.
3. At lunchtime you are allowed to eat meatballs, rice, oatmeal broth and coffee.
4. For the second afternoon snack, a boiled egg is eaten.
5. For dinner, beef soufflé, buckwheat porridge, and herbal infusion are prepared.
6. Before going to bed, you can have a snack with crackers and cocoa.

Sixth day

1. After sleep, a pudding of pear and cottage cheese is eaten, washed down with compote.
2. For second breakfast, it is better to eat crackers and currant jelly.
3. For lunch, quenelles of meat or fish, rice porridge and weak tea are prepared.
4. For an afternoon snack you can eat berry jelly.
5. In the evening, it is better to eat buckwheat porridge with meatballs. Wash everything down with dried fruit compote.
6. At night you can eat a baked apple.

Seventh day

1. The next morning, a portion of buckwheat porridge, liquid jelly and crackers is eaten.
2. Berry jelly is suitable as a snack.
3. For lunch, oatmeal is prepared with beef meatballs. All washed down with pear compote.
4. For an afternoon snack you can eat a baked apple.
5. In the evening, make a vegetable salad, chicken fillet and weak tea.
6. At night, drink a mug of berry compote.

This is just a sample menu. Various adjustments can be made to it based on the course and type of disease. All this is decided with the attending physician. It should also be very varied, but useful.

Such diets are strict for the intestines. But if they are followed, it is possible to restore the functioning of the entire digestive system. It is worth remembering that it must be observed not only during the period of exacerbation, but also during the remission stage and after surgery.