What is gravity? Gravity, as a branch of physics, is an extremely dangerous subject, Giordano Bruno was burned by the Inquisition, Galileo Galilei barely escaped punishment, Newton received a cone from an apple, and at the beginning the whole scientific world laughed at Einstein. Modern science is very conservative, so all work on gravity research is met with skepticism. Although the latest achievements in various laboratories around the world indicate that it is possible to control gravity, and in a few years our understanding of many physical phenomena will be much deeper. Radical changes will occur in the science and technology of the 21st century, but this will require serious work and the combined efforts of scientists, journalists and all progressive people... Gravity, as a branch of physics, is an extremely dangerous subject, Giordano Bruno was burned by the Inquisition, Galileo Galilei had difficulty escaped punishment, Newton received a cone from an apple, and at the beginning the whole scientific world laughed at Einstein. Modern science is very conservative, so all work on gravity research is met with skepticism. Although the latest achievements in various laboratories around the world indicate that it is possible to control gravity, and in a few years our understanding of many physical phenomena will be much deeper. Radical changes will occur in the science and technology of the 21st century, but this will require serious work and the combined efforts of scientists, journalists and all progressive people... E.E. Podkletnov E.E. Podkletnov

Gravity from a scientific point of view Gravity (universal gravitation) (from Latin gravitas “gravity”) is a long-range fundamental interaction to which all material bodies are subject. According to modern concepts, it is the universal interaction of matter with the space-time continuum, and, unlike other fundamental interactions, all bodies without exception, regardless of their mass and internal structure, at the same point in space and time are given the same acceleration relatively locally -inertial reference frame Einstein's equivalence principle. Mainly, gravity has a decisive influence on matter on a cosmic scale. The term gravity is also used as the name of the branch of physics that studies gravitational interactions. The most successful modern physical theory in classical physics describing gravity is general relativity; The quantum theory of gravitational interaction has not yet been constructed. Gravity (universal gravitation) (from Latin gravitas “heaviness”) is a long-range fundamental interaction to which all material bodies are subject. According to modern concepts, it is the universal interaction of matter with the space-time continuum, and, unlike other fundamental interactions, all bodies without exception, regardless of their mass and internal structure, at the same point in space and time are given the same acceleration relatively locally -inertial reference frame Einstein's equivalence principle. Mainly, gravity has a decisive influence on matter on a cosmic scale. The term gravity is also used as the name of the branch of physics that studies gravitational interactions. The most successful modern physical theory in classical physics describing gravity is general relativity; The quantum theory of gravitational interaction has not yet been constructed.

Gravitational interaction Gravitational interaction is one of the four fundamental interactions in our world. Within the framework of classical mechanics, gravitational interaction is described by Newton's law of universal gravitation, which states that the force of gravitational attraction between two material points of mass m1 and m2, separated by a distance R, is proportional to both masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance, that is, gravitational interaction is one of the four fundamental interactions in our world. In the framework of classical mechanics, gravitational interaction is described by Newton's law of universal gravitation, which states that the force of gravitational attraction between two material points of mass m1 and m2, separated by a distance R, is proportional to both masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance, that is, Here G is the gravitational constant equal to approximately m³/(kgf²). Here G is the gravitational constant, equal to approximately m³/(kgf²).

The law of universal gravitation In his declining days, Isaac Newton told how the discovery of the law of universal gravitation occurred: he was walking through an apple orchard on his parents' estate and suddenly saw the moon in the daytime sky. And right there, before his eyes, an apple came off the branch and fell to the ground. Since Newton was working on the laws of motion at that very time, he already knew that the apple fell under the influence of the Earth's gravitational field. He also knew that the Moon does not just hang in the sky, but rotates in orbit around the Earth, and, therefore, it is affected by some kind of force that keeps it from breaking out of orbit and flying in a straight line away, into open space. Then it occurred to him that perhaps it was the same force that made both the apple fall to the ground and the Moon remain in orbit around the Earth. In his declining days, Isaac Newton told how the law of universal gravitation was discovered: he was walking through an apple orchard on his parents’ estate and suddenly saw the moon in the daytime sky. And right there, before his eyes, an apple came off the branch and fell to the ground. Since Newton was working on the laws of motion at that very time, he already knew that the apple fell under the influence of the Earth's gravitational field. He also knew that the Moon does not just hang in the sky, but rotates in orbit around the Earth, and, therefore, it is affected by some kind of force that keeps it from breaking out of orbit and flying in a straight line away, into open space. Then it occurred to him that perhaps it was the same force that made both the apple fall to the ground and the Moon remain in orbit around the Earth.

Effects of Gravity Large space objects, planets, stars and galaxies, have enormous mass and therefore create significant gravitational fields. Large space objects, planets, stars and galaxies, have enormous mass and therefore create significant gravitational fields. Gravity is the weakest force. However, since it acts at all distances and all masses are positive, it is nevertheless a very important force in the Universe. For comparison: the total electric charge of these bodies is zero, since the substance as a whole is electrically neutral. Gravity is the weakest force. However, since it acts at all distances and all masses are positive, it is nevertheless a very important force in the Universe. For comparison: the total electric charge of these bodies is zero, since the substance as a whole is electrically neutral. Also, gravity, unlike other interactions, is universal in its effect on all matter and energy. No objects have been discovered that have no gravitational interaction at all. Also, gravity, unlike other interactions, is universal in its effect on all matter and energy. No objects have been discovered that have no gravitational interaction at all.

Due to its global nature, gravity is responsible for such large-scale effects as the structure of galaxies, black holes and the expansion of the Universe, and for the elementary astronomical phenomena of the orbit of planets, and for simple attraction to the surface of the Earth and the fall of bodies. Due to its global nature, gravity is responsible for such large-scale effects as the structure of galaxies, black holes and the expansion of the Universe, and for the elementary astronomical phenomena of the orbit of planets, and for simple attraction to the surface of the Earth and the fall of bodies.

Gravity was the first interaction described by mathematical theory. Aristotle believed that objects with different masses fall at different speeds. Only much later, Galileo Galilei experimentally determined that this is not so: if air resistance is eliminated, all bodies accelerate equally. Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation (1687) described the general behavior of gravity well. In 1915, Albert Einstein created the General Theory of Relativity, which more accurately describes gravity in terms of the geometry of space-time. Gravity was the first interaction described by mathematical theory. Aristotle believed that objects with different masses fall at different speeds. Only much later, Galileo Galilei experimentally determined that this is not so: if air resistance is eliminated, all bodies accelerate equally. Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation (1687) described the general behavior of gravity well. In 1915, Albert Einstein created the General Theory of Relativity, which more accurately describes gravity in terms of the geometry of space-time.

Strong gravitational fields In strong gravitational fields, when moving at relativistic speeds, the effects of the general theory of relativity (GTR) begin to appear: In strong gravitational fields, when moving at relativistic speeds, the effects of the general theory of relativity (GTR) begin to appear: a change in the geometry of space-time ; change in space-time geometry; as a consequence, the deviation of the law of gravity from Newtonian; as a consequence, the deviation of the law of gravity from Newtonian; and in extreme cases, the emergence of black holes; and in extreme cases, the emergence of black holes; delay of potentials associated with the finite speed of propagation of gravitational disturbances; delay of potentials associated with the finite speed of propagation of gravitational disturbances; as a consequence, the appearance of gravitational waves; as a consequence, the appearance of gravitational waves; nonlinearity effects: gravity tends to interact with itself, so the principle of superposition in strong fields no longer holds. nonlinearity effects: gravity tends to interact with itself, so the principle of superposition in strong fields no longer holds.

Classical theories of gravity Due to the fact that quantum effects of gravity are extremely small even under the most extreme experimental and observational conditions, there are still no reliable observations of them. Theoretical estimates show that in the vast majority of cases one can limit oneself to the classical description of gravitational interaction. Due to the fact that quantum effects of gravity are extremely small even under the most extreme experimental and observational conditions, there are still no reliable observations of them. Theoretical estimates show that in the vast majority of cases one can limit oneself to the classical description of gravitational interaction. There is a modern canonical classical theory of gravity, the general theory of relativity, and many clarifying hypotheses and theories of varying degrees of development, competing with each other. All of these theories make very similar predictions within the approximation in which experimental tests are currently carried out. The following are several basic, most well-developed or known theories of gravity. There is a modern canonical classical theory of gravity, the general theory of relativity, and many clarifying hypotheses and theories of varying degrees of development, competing with each other. All of these theories make very similar predictions within the approximation in which experimental tests are currently carried out. The following are several basic, most well-developed or known theories of gravity.

General theory of relativity In the standard approach of the general theory of relativity (GTR), gravity is initially considered not as a force interaction, but as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Thus, in general relativity, gravity is interpreted as a geometric effect, and space-time is considered within the framework of non-Euclidean Riemannian geometry. The gravitational field, sometimes also called the gravitational field, in general relativity is identified with the tensor metric field by the metric of four-dimensional space-time, and the intensity of the gravitational field with the affine connection of space-time determined by the metric. In the standard approach of the general theory of relativity (GTR), gravity is initially considered not as a force interaction, but as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Thus, in general relativity, gravity is interpreted as a geometric effect, and space-time is considered within the framework of non-Euclidean Riemannian geometry. The gravitational field, sometimes also called the gravitational field, in general relativity is identified with the tensor metric field by the metric of four-dimensional space-time, and the intensity of the gravitational field with the affine connection of space-time determined by the metric.

Einstein Cartan theory The Einstein Cartan theory (EC) was developed as an extension of general relativity, internally including a description of the influence on space-time, in addition to energy-momentum, also of the spin of objects. In the EC theory, affine torsion is introduced, and instead of pseudo-Riemannian geometry for space-time, Riemann-Cartan geometry is used. The Einstein-Cartan theory (EC) was developed as an extension of general relativity, internally including a description of the influence on space-time, in addition to energy-momentum, also of the spin of objects. In the EC theory, affine torsion is introduced, and instead of pseudo-Riemannian geometry for space-time, Riemann-Cartan geometry is used.

Conclusion Gravity is the force that governs the entire Universe. It keeps us on Earth, determines the orbits of the planets, and ensures the stability of the solar system. It is she who plays the main role in the interaction of stars and galaxies, obviously determining the past, present and future of the Universe. Gravity is the force that governs the entire Universe. It keeps us on Earth, determines the orbits of the planets, and ensures the stability of the solar system. It is she who plays the main role in the interaction of stars and galaxies, obviously determining the past, present and future of the Universe.

It always attracts and never repels, acting on everything that is visible and on much of what is invisible. And although gravity was the first of the four fundamental forces of nature, the laws of which were discovered and formulated in mathematical form, it still remains unsolved. It always attracts and never repels, acting on everything that is visible and on much of what is invisible. And although gravity was the first of the four fundamental forces of nature, the laws of which were discovered and formulated in mathematical form, it still remains unsolved.

What is gravity? Gravity, as a branch of physics, is an extremely dangerous subject, Giordano Bruno was burned by the Inquisition, Galileo Galilei barely escaped punishment, Newton received a cone from an apple, and at the beginning the whole scientific world laughed at Einstein. Modern science is very conservative, so all work on gravity research is met with skepticism. Although the latest achievements in various laboratories around the world indicate that it is possible to control gravity, and in a few years our understanding of many physical phenomena will be much deeper. Radical changes will occur in the science and technology of the 21st century, but this will require serious work and the combined efforts of scientists, journalists and all progressive people... Gravity, as a branch of physics, is an extremely dangerous subject, Giordano Bruno was burned by the Inquisition, Galileo Galilei had difficulty escaped punishment, Newton received a cone from an apple, and at the beginning the whole scientific world laughed at Einstein. Modern science is very conservative, so all work on gravity research is met with skepticism. Although the latest achievements in various laboratories around the world indicate that it is possible to control gravity, and in a few years our understanding of many physical phenomena will be much deeper. Radical changes will occur in the science and technology of the 21st century, but this will require serious work and the combined efforts of scientists, journalists and all progressive people... E.E. Podkletnov E.E. Podkletnov

Gravity from a scientific point of view Gravity (universal gravitation) (from Latin gravitas “gravity”) is a long-range fundamental interaction to which all material bodies are subject. According to modern concepts, it is the universal interaction of matter with the space-time continuum, and, unlike other fundamental interactions, all bodies without exception, regardless of their mass and internal structure, at the same point in space and time are given the same acceleration relatively locally -inertial reference frame Einstein's equivalence principle. Mainly, gravity has a decisive influence on matter on a cosmic scale. The term gravity is also used as the name of the branch of physics that studies gravitational interactions. The most successful modern physical theory in classical physics describing gravity is general relativity; The quantum theory of gravitational interaction has not yet been constructed. Gravity (universal gravitation) (from Latin gravitas “heaviness”) is a long-range fundamental interaction to which all material bodies are subject. According to modern concepts, it is the universal interaction of matter with the space-time continuum, and, unlike other fundamental interactions, all bodies without exception, regardless of their mass and internal structure, at the same point in space and time are given the same acceleration relatively locally -inertial reference frame Einstein's equivalence principle. Mainly, gravity has a decisive influence on matter on a cosmic scale. The term gravity is also used as the name of the branch of physics that studies gravitational interactions. The most successful modern physical theory in classical physics describing gravity is general relativity; The quantum theory of gravitational interaction has not yet been constructed.

Gravitational interaction Gravitational interaction is one of the four fundamental interactions in our world. Within the framework of classical mechanics, gravitational interaction is described by Newton's law of universal gravitation, which states that the force of gravitational attraction between two material points of mass m1 and m2, separated by a distance R, is proportional to both masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance, that is, gravitational interaction is one of the four fundamental interactions in our world. In the framework of classical mechanics, gravitational interaction is described by Newton's law of universal gravitation, which states that the force of gravitational attraction between two material points of mass m1 and m2, separated by a distance R, is proportional to both masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance, that is, Here G is the gravitational constant equal to approximately m³/(kgf²). Here G is the gravitational constant, equal to approximately m³/(kgf²).

The law of universal gravitation In his declining days, Isaac Newton told how the discovery of the law of universal gravitation occurred: he was walking through an apple orchard on his parents' estate and suddenly saw the moon in the daytime sky. And right there, before his eyes, an apple came off the branch and fell to the ground. Since Newton was working on the laws of motion at that very time, he already knew that the apple fell under the influence of the Earth's gravitational field. He also knew that the Moon does not just hang in the sky, but rotates in orbit around the Earth, and, therefore, it is affected by some kind of force that keeps it from breaking out of orbit and flying in a straight line away, into open space. Then it occurred to him that perhaps it was the same force that made both the apple fall to the ground and the Moon remain in orbit around the Earth. In his declining days, Isaac Newton told how the law of universal gravitation was discovered: he was walking through an apple orchard on his parents’ estate and suddenly saw the moon in the daytime sky. And right there, before his eyes, an apple came off the branch and fell to the ground. Since Newton was working on the laws of motion at that very time, he already knew that the apple fell under the influence of the Earth's gravitational field. He also knew that the Moon does not just hang in the sky, but rotates in orbit around the Earth, and, therefore, it is affected by some kind of force that keeps it from breaking out of orbit and flying in a straight line away, into open space. Then it occurred to him that perhaps it was the same force that made both the apple fall to the ground and the Moon remain in orbit around the Earth.

Effects of Gravity Large space objects, planets, stars and galaxies, have enormous mass and therefore create significant gravitational fields. Large space objects, planets, stars and galaxies, have enormous mass and therefore create significant gravitational fields. Gravity is the weakest force. However, since it acts at all distances and all masses are positive, it is nevertheless a very important force in the Universe. For comparison: the total electric charge of these bodies is zero, since the substance as a whole is electrically neutral. Gravity is the weakest force. However, since it acts at all distances and all masses are positive, it is nevertheless a very important force in the Universe. For comparison: the total electric charge of these bodies is zero, since the substance as a whole is electrically neutral. Also, gravity, unlike other interactions, is universal in its effect on all matter and energy. No objects have been discovered that have no gravitational interaction at all. Also, gravity, unlike other interactions, is universal in its effect on all matter and energy. No objects have been discovered that have no gravitational interaction at all.

Due to its global nature, gravity is responsible for such large-scale effects as the structure of galaxies, black holes and the expansion of the Universe, and for the elementary astronomical phenomena of the orbit of planets, and for simple attraction to the surface of the Earth and the fall of bodies. Due to its global nature, gravity is responsible for such large-scale effects as the structure of galaxies, black holes and the expansion of the Universe, and for the elementary astronomical phenomena of the orbit of planets, and for simple attraction to the surface of the Earth and the fall of bodies.

Gravity was the first interaction described by mathematical theory. Aristotle believed that objects with different masses fall at different speeds. Only much later, Galileo Galilei experimentally determined that this is not so: if air resistance is eliminated, all bodies accelerate equally. Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation (1687) described the general behavior of gravity well. In 1915, Albert Einstein created the General Theory of Relativity, which more accurately describes gravity in terms of the geometry of space-time. Gravity was the first interaction described by mathematical theory. Aristotle believed that objects with different masses fall at different speeds. Only much later, Galileo Galilei experimentally determined that this is not so: if air resistance is eliminated, all bodies accelerate equally. Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation (1687) described the general behavior of gravity well. In 1915, Albert Einstein created the General Theory of Relativity, which more accurately describes gravity in terms of the geometry of space-time.

Strong gravitational fields In strong gravitational fields, when moving at relativistic speeds, the effects of the general theory of relativity (GTR) begin to appear: In strong gravitational fields, when moving at relativistic speeds, the effects of the general theory of relativity (GTR) begin to appear: a change in the geometry of space-time ; change in space-time geometry; as a consequence, the deviation of the law of gravity from Newtonian; as a consequence, the deviation of the law of gravity from Newtonian; and in extreme cases, the emergence of black holes; and in extreme cases, the emergence of black holes; delay of potentials associated with the finite speed of propagation of gravitational disturbances; delay of potentials associated with the finite speed of propagation of gravitational disturbances; as a consequence, the appearance of gravitational waves; as a consequence, the appearance of gravitational waves; nonlinearity effects: gravity tends to interact with itself, so the principle of superposition in strong fields no longer holds. nonlinearity effects: gravity tends to interact with itself, so the principle of superposition in strong fields no longer holds.

Classical theories of gravity Due to the fact that quantum effects of gravity are extremely small even under the most extreme experimental and observational conditions, there are still no reliable observations of them. Theoretical estimates show that in the vast majority of cases one can limit oneself to the classical description of gravitational interaction. Due to the fact that quantum effects of gravity are extremely small even under the most extreme experimental and observational conditions, there are still no reliable observations of them. Theoretical estimates show that in the vast majority of cases one can limit oneself to the classical description of gravitational interaction. There is a modern canonical classical theory of gravity, the general theory of relativity, and many clarifying hypotheses and theories of varying degrees of development, competing with each other. All of these theories make very similar predictions within the approximation in which experimental tests are currently carried out. The following are several basic, most well-developed or known theories of gravity. There is a modern canonical classical theory of gravity, the general theory of relativity, and many clarifying hypotheses and theories of varying degrees of development, competing with each other. All of these theories make very similar predictions within the approximation in which experimental tests are currently carried out. The following are several basic, most well-developed or known theories of gravity.

General theory of relativity In the standard approach of the general theory of relativity (GTR), gravity is initially considered not as a force interaction, but as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Thus, in general relativity, gravity is interpreted as a geometric effect, and space-time is considered within the framework of non-Euclidean Riemannian geometry. The gravitational field, sometimes also called the gravitational field, in general relativity is identified with the tensor metric field by the metric of four-dimensional space-time, and the intensity of the gravitational field with the affine connection of space-time determined by the metric. In the standard approach of the general theory of relativity (GTR), gravity is initially considered not as a force interaction, but as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Thus, in general relativity, gravity is interpreted as a geometric effect, and space-time is considered within the framework of non-Euclidean Riemannian geometry. The gravitational field, sometimes also called the gravitational field, in general relativity is identified with the tensor metric field by the metric of four-dimensional space-time, and the intensity of the gravitational field with the affine connection of space-time determined by the metric.

Einstein Cartan theory The Einstein Cartan theory (EC) was developed as an extension of general relativity, internally including a description of the influence on space-time, in addition to energy-momentum, also of the spin of objects. In the EC theory, affine torsion is introduced, and instead of pseudo-Riemannian geometry for space-time, Riemann-Cartan geometry is used. The Einstein-Cartan theory (EC) was developed as an extension of general relativity, internally including a description of the influence on space-time, in addition to energy-momentum, also of the spin of objects. In the EC theory, affine torsion is introduced, and instead of pseudo-Riemannian geometry for space-time, Riemann-Cartan geometry is used.

Conclusion Gravity is the force that governs the entire Universe. It keeps us on Earth, determines the orbits of the planets, and ensures the stability of the solar system. It is she who plays the main role in the interaction of stars and galaxies, obviously determining the past, present and future of the Universe. Gravity is the force that governs the entire Universe. It keeps us on Earth, determines the orbits of the planets, and ensures the stability of the solar system. It is she who plays the main role in the interaction of stars and galaxies, obviously determining the past, present and future of the Universe.

It always attracts and never repels, acting on everything that is visible and on much of what is invisible. And although gravity was the first of the four fundamental forces of nature, the laws of which were discovered and formulated in mathematical form, it still remains unsolved. It always attracts and never repels, acting on everything that is visible and on much of what is invisible. And although gravity was the first of the four fundamental forces of nature, the laws of which were discovered and formulated in mathematical form, it still remains unsolved.

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On a clear, moonless night, about 3,000 stars can be seen above the horizon with the naked eye. The same number of stars of the same brightness will be below the horizon. All of them (together with the Sun) make up a small part of a giant star system called the Galaxy. The Galaxy contains approximately 200 billion stars. The stars of the Galaxy form a figure in space that resembles a flat disk with a diameter of about 100 thousand light years with a spherical thickening in the center.

Under the influence of universal gravity, the stars of the Galaxy move around its center in circular and elliptical orbits. The speed of galactic rotation is different at different distances from the center. For the Sun it is approximately 250 km/s. There are many other galaxies outside our Galaxy. These galaxies, in turn, are united into various clusters. For example, our Galaxy, together with the Andromeda nebula and several other relatively small galaxies, forms the so-called Local Group. Distances between galaxy clusters are usually expressed in megaparsecs (Mpc). The distance of 1 Mpc is so great that even light takes 3.26 million years to travel through it. Meanwhile, the galaxy clusters closest to the Local Group are located 25 Mpc from it.

In the constellation Virgo Perseus A very large cluster of galaxies is located in the constellation Virgo, 20 Mpc from us. The diameter of this cluster is 5 Mpc, and it includes several hundred giant star systems. The most distant galaxy cluster to which it was possible to measure the distance is located in the constellation Coma Berenices, 5200 Mpc from us. It can only be seen through the largest telescope.

But these gigantic distances are increasing over time. This was first established in 1929 by the American astronomer E. Hubble. The law he discovered says: Now this law is called Hubble's law. Mathematically, it is written in the form of the following formula: v=HR, where v is the speed of removal of galaxies; R is the distance between them; N~65 km/(s·Mpc) proportionality coefficient, called the Hubble constant. The physical meaning of this constant is that it shows how fast galaxies located at a distance of 1 Mpc are moving away from each other. This law is now called Hubble's law. Mathematically, it is written in the form of the following formula: v=HR, where v is the speed of removal of galaxies; R is the distance between them; N~65 km/(s·Mpc) proportionality coefficient, called the Hubble constant. The physical meaning of this constant is that it shows how fast galaxies located at a distance of 1 Mpc are moving away from each other. From Hubble's law it follows that the greater the distance between galaxies (and their clusters), the faster they move away from each other. The Universe is expanding, and the speed at which galaxies are moving away from each other is proportional to the distance between them.

“Internal combustion engine” - A rotor with a gear wheel seems to roll around a gear. Two-stroke internal combustion engine. Gas internal combustion engines. Two-stroke cycle. Diagram of the operation of a four-stroke engine cylinder. In a two-stroke cycle, power strokes occur twice as often. Gasoline internal combustion engines. Rotary piston internal combustion engines. Scheme. Application. Scheme. Four-stroke internal combustion engine. Device.

"History of Electricity" - 19th century - Maxwell formulates his equations. XVIII century - Volt invents a direct current source - a galvanic cell (1800). XVIII century - the first electric capacitor is created - the Leyden jar (1745). It is known that if certain substances are rubbed against wool, they attract light objects.

“Elementary particles” - Electrostatics. A magnetic field. The basic law of electrostatics is Coulomb's Law! Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies the interaction of stationary electric charges. Electrification is a physical phenomenon. Elementary particles. Electrodynamics is a branch of physics that studies the interaction of electric charges.

“Electrical capacity of a capacitor” - The electric field is concentrated inside the capacitor. Capacitance of the capacitor. For a spherical capacitor, consisting of two concentric spheres, the entire field is concentrated between them. Systems of two conductors, called capacitors, have high electrical capacity. The conductors of a capacitor are called its plates.

“What physics studies” - Teacher’s lecture “What physics studies.” Morning dew. Combustion. What natural phenomena have we observed? Optical phenomena of nature. Introducing students to a new school subject. Aristotle introduced the concept of “physics” (from the Greek word “fusis” - nature). Electrical phenomena of nature. Acoustic phenomena of nature.

“Acceleration of free fall” - How do bodies move under the influence of a constant force? Free fall is the movement of bodies under the influence of gravity. The value of the acceleration due to gravity. What can be said about the magnitude of gravity near the earth's surface? The fall of a body near the surface of the Earth. G – free fall acceleration g = 9.8 m/С2 according to Newton’s second law.

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