The concept of specific gravity is found in many areas of science and life. This term operates physics, medicine, metallurgy, economics and sociology. It is difficult to expect that such diverse directions will be elected equally, so the definition and formula of the specific gravity, taken from the physical reference book, will differ from the wording found in the textbook of the economy. However, the essence remains unchanged - determining the role, the significance of some part in relation to the whole.

The meaning of the term "specific"

You can talk about two interpretations, physical and statistical:

• In physics, it is so called the value measured in a unit of something. For example, take the room, and we calculate the amount of water vapor in it. After receiving the magnitude, and grams, we can say that the humidity here is, and the grams of water vapor to the whole room. Knowing the total amount of indoor air (b kg), we can find how much water is contained in one kilogram of the air, having learned it specific humidity . In one kilogram of air, the room contains a / b g / kg of water vapor. Thus, the synonym for the term protrudes the word relative.
• In the statistical sciences, the private indicator is so called relatively certain. For example, we take the annual budget of the country, which makes up 500 million, and calculate the share of sports costs. Suppose, 1 million rubles were allocated to the sport - this is 0.2% of all planned spending. Not the most weighty budget.

Physical sciences

In physics, the weight is called weight, measured in a unit of volume of homogeneous substance.

The weight in the system system is indicated in Newton (H), and the volume is calculated in cubic meters. Thus, the unit of the desired characteristic becomes Newton to the cubic meter (N / cubic meters). It follows that this value determines which force is affected by one cubic meter of the measured substance.

Physical formula: W. V. \u003d Weight object, N / Object volume, cube. M..

Unlike the mass, simply characterizing the object, the weight is vector, that is, it is a force that has an application direction and describes the effects of the body to other objects. Under normal conditions on the surface of the earth, we are not physicists, imperceptible difference. We often confuse these terms in a conversation and do not worry about this. But it is still important to understand which fundamentally different meaning these concepts have.

If in the above formula to use body weight, we get its specific mass, or density. This parameter characterizes how many substances is contained in a unit of volume, and is measured in kg / cube. m.

The body weight always remains unchanged, while the weight may vary depending on the geographical latitude of the place and height of it above sea level.

Representing the fractional numerator through body weight multiplied by the acceleration of free fall, we will be able to see the connection of two specific quantities:

W. V. \u003d Object density * acceleration of free fall.

Thus, it can be said that the proportion belongs to the density of the substance in the same way as its weight refers to the mass, and this ratio is equal to the acceleration of the free fall at a particular point of the Earth.

The term in metallurgy

To get a alloy with the required properties, metallurgists should be good to imagine, why and how to determine the proportion of metals. The same volumes of iron and aluminum have completely different indicators.

In metallurgy, the share of the material is calculated according to the above formula, dividing the mass of the substance to its volume. To get the most accurate results, the metal before measurement leads to the maximum homogeneous state with a minimum.

Application in medicine

In some cases, the desired characteristic is defined as the coefficient of comparison of the mass of some volume of the substance with the same volume of water at 4 ° C. It is known that at this temperature, pure distilled water has a specific weight equal to one. The more impurities, the more weight. Knowing this indicator, it is possible to determine how high the concentration of substances in the liquid is.

This provision is used in medicine when analyzing urine. The first reduced formula describes how to find the proportion of urine. To do this, it is necessary to divide the weight of the sample on its volume.

Economy and Social Sciences

In the economy and sciences of society, the term denotes the proportion of a certain factor in the overall structure. This concept is of great importance, as it makes it possible to judge the significance of any sector, its value, the share as a whole direction.

Swelling formula in the economy: W. V. \u003d Value of a separate column graph / sum of all table graph.

In this equation, the divi and divider is expressed in the same measurement units, therefore, the desired value will be presented in the form of a regular decimal fraction or percentage.

Such calculations are conducted in the economy, economic activities, sociology, statistics and many other disciplines requiring data analysis.

When calculating, it is important to understand two things:

• An indicator of the fraction is 100%, and the amount of indicators for all the column graph cannot exceed it. So, if you fold the interests of all budget articles, we will get 100%, no more and no less.
• The result of the calculation cannot be negative, because it represents a fraction of a whole.

Despite the fact that the two above formulas differ from each other and operate with different values, they still have something in common. In both cases, the weight of the object is calculated, its significance, the impact on other objects and the situation as a whole.

One of the varieties of the middle arithmetic value is the average chronological. Calculated for the set of signs in different moments or for different periods of time, it is customary called medium chronologicalused to find the average level in dynamic series.

In contrast to the variational series, which characterizes the change in phenomena in space, the dynamic range is such a number of numbers that characterizes the change in the phenomena in time. Sometimes they are called temporary or chronological. Depending on the type of dynamic series, appropriate techniques for calculating the average chronological value can be applied to determine their average levels. Thus, when departing the average level in a periodic dynamics, it is possible to use the average arithmetic simple or weighted. If it is necessary to calculate the average level of the moment of speakers with equal intervals between the moments, then it is advisable to use the reception the average chronological torque with equal intervals:

where - the ordinal levels of the torque series; n - the number of moments in the row.

For example, in an agricultural organization (SHO) as of the beginning of each month, 2010 there was the following pigstope of pigs:

It is conventionally believed that the intervals of the time between the initial moments (dates) of each previous and the subsequent month are equal to each other. Therefore, formula (6.5) can be applied to the calculation of the average quarterly population of pigs.

Indicators used to assess the location of the population are given in the following table

We will substitute the relevant data and get:

This means that on average every month for the first quarter of 2010. There were 717 heads of pigs in SHO.

In cases where it is necessary to determine the average level of the moment of speakers with unequal intervals between the moments, the formula of an average arithmetic suspended value is commonly used (6.4).

For example, the number of workers in the SHO brigade was: on April 1 - 20 people, on April 11th -25, on April 30 - 36 people. It is necessary to calculate the average monthly number of employees in the brigade for April.

As can be seen from the given data, the time intervals between the specified moments (dates) are not equal to each other: it can be assumed that in the brigade it was for 1 day - 20 people, 10 days - 25, 19 days - 36. Consequently, to calculate average monthly numbers Employees in the brigade we use the formula (6.4) and we get:

Thus, for April in the brigade, the SHO was listed on average 32 employees.

In the system of the agro-industrial complex, the average chronological value can be used in the calculation of the average annual, quarterly, monthly number of workers, the livestock of various types and groups of farm animals, the presence of various types of machine-tractor park and other cases.

See more:

(at the beginning of 2000)

Even higher differences in the degree of concentration of the urban population on the subjects of the Federation. More than 90% of the urban population in the Magadan region (92.0%), in the Murmansk region (91.9%), in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District (91.2%); Minimum indicators in the Chechen Republic (23.5%), in the Altai Republic (25.5%), in the Komi Perm Autonomous District (25.8%).

The process of increasing the role of cities is called urbanization. Urbanization entails Surbanization - growth and development around the major cities of their satellite cities that form agglomerations.

Currently, the rugnization process is increasingly intensively - the distribution of urban forms and living conditions for the countryside. In the broad sense of the word Rurbanization is an integral part of the urbanization.

Rural population Russia is 27%.

The proportion of urban and rural population in economic areas

The placement of rural settlements depends on the natural and geographical factors, primarily from soil and climatic conditions. The highest concentration of the rural population in the North Caucasus (45.1%) and the central chernozem (37.4%) economic areas where the most favorable conditions for agricultural production are available.

Urban and rural population differs in demographic characteristics. In rural areas, there is less average life expectancy, more fertility and mortality rates, higher share of the elderly, which affects the increase in population mortality and reduce the average life expectancy (Table 5.4).

Table 5.5.

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Medium chronological

The average chronological is the average level of a series of speakers, t.

3.3. The proportion of the urban population in the total population1)

e. The average calculated by the set of indicator values \u200b\u200bat different points or periods of time.

Depending on the form of a series of speakers, various methods of calculation are used, namely the calculation of the average chronological interval series and the average chronological number of rows.

The average chronological interval (more common) row is the average value from the levels of the interval speaker, which is calculated by the formula:

where - the average level of the row;

- level of a number of speakers;

- number of members of the series

For example, consider the data on children's health facilities in Pskov and the region.

Table. Children's health facilities

The series under study is interval, using the middle chronological formula, can calculate the average number of recreational institutions:

Institutions.

The average chronological torque is the average value from the levels of the moment of the speaker. If there is a function that expresses the change in the moment of time in time, then during from to the average chronological torque is:

However, the data of continuous observation of the value at the disposal of statistics, as a rule, no. Therefore, depending on the nature of the change in the indicator and the available data, various calculation methods are applied.

With equal intervals between the dates that there are data, and a uniform change in the size of the indicator between dates, the average chronological torque is usually calculated by the formula:

where is the level of the number;

- the number of all members of the series;

- average level.

If the periods of time separating one date from the other are not equal to each other, the calculation of the average chronological torque is made according to the formula of the average weighted arithmetic, as the scales of which are taken segments of time between dates, i.e. by the formula:

where - time during which this level of the series remained unchanged.

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Subject and main tasks of socio-economic statistics

The subject of socio-economic statistics (SES) is a quantitative side of mass social and economic phenomena in an inextricable connection with their qualitative content in specific conditions of place and time

the main tasks of the SES.

1. Statistical observation of all countries of the country's economy at all stages of the reproduction cycle (production of goods and services; education and distribution of primary revenues; revenue revenue; the use of income on finite consumption and the formation of savings; the use of savings on accumulation).

Indicators of population

Comprehensive study of the state and development of the country's economy and its regions (reproduction of fixed assets, investment activity, the dynamics of national wealth, the characteristic of the labor market, the rate of economic growth, the growth rate of labor productivity, price indices and the level of inflation, the deficit (surplus) of the public budget, level of public debt, etc.).

3. Comprehensive study of the state and development of the social sphere of the country and its regions (natural movement of the population, infant mortality, expected average life expectancy, income and consumption of households, indices of nominal and real earnings, indexes of real disposable money income , social bundle of society, dynamics of poverty levels, etc.). 4. Analysis of macroeconomic proportions (for example, between production and consumption, accumulation and consumption, increasing labor efficiency and increasing wages, etc.).

5. Analysis of trends, patterns across the country and individual regions (reducing the mortality rate, the growth rate of the birth rate, the dynamics of the level of employment and unemployment, the dynamics of the level of inflation, growth in the level of labor productivity and consumer prices, level dynamics poverty, etc.), as well as species of economic activities (the dynamics of the number of enterprises and organizations, including small and medium enterprises, the dynamics of production and turnover of goods and services, reducing material costs and energy intensity, profit growth and reduce disposselation of production, growth in the level of labor productivity and average wages, rising prices of manufacturers, etc.). 8

6. Improving systems of indicators characterizing social and economic phenomena and processes, classifications (classifiers), their consistency and relationships, methods for assessing individual indicators.

7. Improving the methodology for analyzing socio-economic phenomena and processes, including the methodology of national offices.

8. Providing state-owned information authorities on the socio-economic development of the country and its regions to take measures to reduce their intensity).

9. Ensuring managers of enterprises and companies, managers, organizers of production and businessmen information on the development of the economy and the social sphere necessary to study the external environment, in which their companies or enterprises function, when making investment solutions, expanding production , sales organization, etc.

10. Informing society, educational and research institutions and other organizations and individuals on the basic results and trends in the socio-economic development of the country and its regions.

11. Providing information on the status and development of the Russian economy to International Organizations: UN, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, etc.

12. The introduction of new technologies for collecting, processing, transmitting and distribting statistical information, etc.

Methods for calculating the average annual population.

the choice of the method of its calculation depends on the source data.

1. If there are data to the beginning (S1) and the end of the period (S2), then the average population is determined by the middle arithmetic formula:

3. If the gaps between the dates are unequal, then the calculation by the method of medium-timed weighted:

For change characteristics numerical population In time used:

1. Population growth rate of population:

2. Population growth rate:

Having determined the population, the SES studies its composition using the method groupingwhich is carried out by:

· Social composition,

· Speeds of activity and sectors of the economy,

· Profession,

· Age,

· Family position

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The axis and plane of the human body - the human body consists of certain topographic parts and plots, in which organs, muscles, vessels, nerves, etc. are located.

The walls of the walls and the country of the jambs - when the house does not reach the windows and doors, a beautiful high porch is only in the imagination, you have to rise from the street to the house along the ladder.

Differential equations of second order (market model with predicted prices) - In simple market models, demand and proposal are usually referred to only on the current price of goods.

population statistics, formulas for their calculation

Basic concepts and indicators

The basic concepts of demographic statistics
Census	Demographic values \u200b\u200bdesigned to characterize the demographic situation in the country. In Russia, a continuous census of the population was carried out in 1920, 1926, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989 and 2002.
Microspeed	It is carried out between the censuses of the population, it covers, as a rule, 5% of the population (for example, a census in Russia in 1994)
Age-genital pyramids	Graphic image that allows you to clearly display the age of the population
Natural population movement	Changing the population due to births and deaths
Natural increase (loss) of the population	Positive (negative) difference between the nominated and dead: where N. - the number of born; M. - The number of dead
Mechanical increase (loss) of the population (migration balance)	Positive (negative) difference between the number of arrived and retired population: where P IN
Migration	Movement of people (migrants) across the boundaries of territories with variation of place of residence forever or for a certain time. Migration can be internal and external
Internal migration	Moving the population within the boundaries of a certain territory
External migration	Moving the population with the intersection of the boundaries of the territory
Gross migration (gross migration)	Shows the total number of migratory residents: P + V. This indicator is also called migration turnover.
Balance migration	The difference between the number of arrivals and retired: P - B.
Immigration	Entry of the population in a specific area or country
Emigration	Departure of the population from this area or country

Continuation of table. 3.1

Indicators (categories) of population in census
Cash Population (NN)	The category of the population, uniting people actually at the time of the census in this location: Nn \u003d mon - in + VP, Where PN- permanent population; IN- temporarily absent; VP - temporarily residing
Permanent Population (PN)	The category of the population, uniting people for whom this locality represents a promissory residence, regardless of their actual location at the time of accounting (census): Mon \u003d NN - VP +
Temporarily absent (in)	These are persons who have permanent residence in this village, which are missing at the time of registration. Their absence should not exceed 6 months
Temporarily residing (VP)	These are persons at the time of accounting in this locality, but having a permanent residence in another settlement
Indicators of population
Population population at the end of the year	where S N.G. N -number of born; M.- the number of dead; P - the number of arrivals in the given settlement; IN- the number of retired from this settlement
The average annual population	At a certain date for equal periods is calculated by the formula where n. - number of levels (dates); S. 1… P - population number on a specific date. At the beginning and end of the year is defined as the average arithmetic: where S N.G. - population population at the beginning of the year; S k.g. - population population at the end of the year. In the interval row with unequal levels is determined by the formula where - the average population i. -to period; - Duration i.- Period

Continuation of table. 3.1

Continuation of table. 3.1

Ending table. 3.1

Among the set of parameters characterizing the properties of materials exists and such as the proportion. Sometimes the term density is used, but it is not entirely true. But in one way or another, these both the term have their own definitions and have borrowing in mathematics, physics and many other sciences, including material science.

Definition of specific weight

The physical value, which is the ratio of the weight of the material to the volume occupied by them, is called HC material.

Materials science of the XXI century far went ahead in and already mastered technologies that were considered fantastics some hundred years ago. This science can offer the modern alloys industry, which differ from each other with high-quality parameters, but also physico-technical properties.

To determine how some alloy can be used for production, it is advisable to determine the HC. All items made with an equal volume, but for their production various types of metals were used, will have a different mass, it is in a clear connection with the volume. That is, the ratio of volume to mass This is a certain constant number characteristic of this alloy.

To calculate the density of the material, a special formula that has a direct connection with HC material is used.

By the way, the HB of iron, the main material for the creation of steel alloys, can be determined by weight 1 cm 3, reflected in grams. Moreover, HC metal, the harder will be the finished product.

Swelling formula

The formula for calculating HC looks like weight ratio to volume. To calculate HC, it is permissible to apply the calculation algorithm that is set out in the school course of physics.
To do this, use the Archimedes Act, or rather the definition of force that is ejecting. That is, the load with some mass and at the same time it holds on the water. In other words, two forces are influenced by him - gravity and archimedes.

The formula for calculating the archimederal force looks like this

where G is HC liquid. After the replacement of the formula, the following form F \u003d y × V acquires, from here we obtain the y \u003d f / v shipment formula.

The difference between weight and mass

What is the difference between weight and mass. In fact, in everyday life, she does not play any role. In fact, in the kitchen, we do not develop between the weight of the chicken and its mass, but meanwhile between these terms there are serious differences.

This difference is clearly visible when solving problems associated with moving bodies in the interstellar space and as having a relationship with our planet, and in these conditions these terms differ significantly from each other.
We can say the following, the term weight matters only in the area of \u200b\u200bgravity, i.e. If a certain object is located next to the planet, the star, etc. Weight can be called force with which the body presses on the obstacle between it and the source of attraction. This force is measured in Newton. As an example, it is possible to submit the following picture - next to the paid formation is the stove, with a certain object located on its surface. The force with which the subject presses on the surface of the plate and will be weighing.

The body weight is directly related to inertia. If we consider this concept in detail, it can be said that the mass determines the size of the gravitational field created by the body. In fact, this is one of the key characteristics of the universe. The key difference between weight and mass is as follows - the mass does not depend on the distance between the object and the source of the gravitational force.

Multi-kilograms, pound, etc., are used to measure the mass, pound, etc. There is an international system of SI, in which we use the usual, kilograms, grams, etc., but besides it, in many countries, for example, the British Islands, there is its own system of measures and scales, Where weight is measured in pounds.

The difference between specific gravity and density

Wu - what is it?

The proportion is the ratio of the weight of matter to its volume. In the international measurement system, it is measured as Newton on a cubic meter. To solve certain problems in physics, the HC is determined as follows - how much the substance is heavier than water at a temperature of 4 degrees, provided that the substance and water have equal volumes.

For the most part, such a definition is used in geological and biological research. Sometimes, the HC, calculated by this technique, is called relative density.

What is the difference

As already noted, these two terms are often confused, but since weight is directly dependent on the distance between the object and the gravitational source, and the mass does not depend on this, so the terms of the HC and the density differ in each other.
But it is necessary to take into account the fact that under some conditions mass and weight may coincide. It is almost impossible to measure WC at home. But even at the school laboratory level, such an operation is quite easy to perform. The main thing that the laboratory would be equipped with weights with deep bowls.

The subject must weigh under normal conditions. The resulting value can be designated as X1, then the bowl is placed in water. At the same time, in accordance with the law of Archimedes, the cargo will lose part of its weight. At the same time, the rocker of the scales will be done. To achieve equilibrium on another cup, add cargo. Its value can be denoted as X2. As a result of these manipulations, the HC will be obtained, which will be expressed as the ratio of X1 and X2. In addition to the substance in the solid state of the specific one can be measured for liquids, gases. At the same time, measurements can be performed under different conditions, for example, at elevated ambient temperature or reduced temperature. In order to obtain the search data, such devices are used as a pycnetter or an areaometer.

Swelling Units

In the world, several systems of measures and scales are used, in particular, in the SC system, they are measured in relation to H (Newton) to the cubic meter. In other systems, for example, the SGS of the specific gravity uses such a unit of measuring d (din) to a centimeter cubic.

Metals with the largest and smallest weight

In addition to the fact that the concept of specific gravity used in mathematics and physics, there are quite interesting facts, for example, specific scales of metals from the Mendeleev table. If we talk about non-ferrous metals, then gold and platinum can be attributed to the most "heavy".

These materials are exceeded by specific gravity, metals such as silver, lead and many others. To the "light" materials include magnesiums with weight lower than Vanadium. You can not forget the radioactive materials, for example, the weight of uranium is 19.05 grams per cubic see, that is, 1 cubic meter weighs 19 tons.

Specific weight of other materials

Our world is difficult to imagine without a variety of materials used in production and everyday life. For example, without iron and its compounds (steel alloys). HC of these materials ranges in the range of one - two units and this is not the highest results. Aluminum, for example, has low density and low specific weight. These indicators allowed it to be used in aviation and space industry.

Copper and its alloys, have a specific weight comparable to lead. But its compounds are brass, bronze is lighter than other materials, due to the fact that substances are used with less specific weight.

How to calculate the proportion of metals

How to determine HC - this question often rises from experts employed in heavy industry. This procedure is necessary in order to determine exactly those materials that will differ from each other improved characteristics.

One of the key features of metal alloys is which metal is the basis of the alloy. That is, iron, magnesium or brass, having one volume will have a different mass.

The density of the material that is calculated on the basis of a given formula is directly related to the question under consideration. As already noted, HC is the ratio of body weight to its volume, it must be remembered that this value can be defined as the force of gravity and the volume of a certain substance.

For Metals, HC and density are determined in the same proportion. It is permissible to use another formula that allows you to calculate uv. It looks as follows so HC (density) is equal to the ratio of weight and mass, taking into account G, permanent value. It can be said that the metal can be called the weight of the volume unit. In order to determine the HC, it is necessary to share a mass of dry material to its volume. In fact, this formula can be used to obtain metal weight.

By the way, the concept of specific gravity is widely used when creating metal calculators used to calculate the parameters of metallic rolling of different types and destination.

HC metals are measured in conditions of qualified laboratories. In practical form, this term is rarely used. Significantly more often, the concept of light and heavy metals are used, the moles with a small specific weight include metals, respectively, are difficult to include metals with high specific weight.

Biysk was located next to the Altai and its minerals. The development of Biysk had an impact and trade with Mongolia after the device of a grand road through Kos-Agach. The neighborhood with Baikal, the presence of rich hunting land and fertile lands, as well as the deposits of salt and iron, especially favorably influenced the growth of Irkutsk.
The opening of the Siberian gold deposits in the first quarter of the XIX century was a powerful impulse for the development of Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Mariinska, Yeniseisk, cheats. Here were the office of the gold miners, the workers were hired, supplies and tools were harvested, commissioners, contractors associated with the foreigners. Cities have experienced periodic influx of platitic people. For example, in the official report of Chita in the middle of the XIX century, it was noted: "In the city there is a large host of workers at the autumn time, it is in October to the exit of workers from the fields, but they immediately hire themselves on the gold mines and in Chita there are their most minor quantity. " Gold, before driving, built and decorated these cities. In the development of urban economy, construction activities began under the influence of gold mining. Capital began to drain here, the population will arrive and energetic trade rushed. However, the same gold industry led to a complete decline in handicraft production in Yeniseisk. The city has become a center for the supply of taiga government. The rich townspeople were beautifully furnished at home. But today we have a lot of options, how to create a comfort in the house. For example, you can buy glossy furniture for your rooms. Even the provincial Krasnoyarsk, despite the fact that he was the location of many gold miners and the fishery control center, over the years decorated only by "several churches and private buildings, but did not receive the development that could be waiting for the circumstances conducive to it."
The gold mining industry caused a new increase in practical studies of the territory of Siberia. Simultaneously with the search for gold, the accumulation of information about the presence of other natural wealth was accumulated. In the taiga areas remote from the existing settlement frame, numerous deputy settlements were formed, which were associated with a new network of roads with central settlements of the regions. At this stage, the formation of a network of settlements simultaneously with the process of accumulating socio-economic potential in the main city centers, the process of dispersion of settlements on a new, secondary planning axes, directed from the main resettlement band in deep areas, took place.
The share of the urban population of Siberia, which was true, a constant growth trend was at the level of the outskirts of the European part of Russia: 7.2% in 1858, 8.5% in 1897, 11% in 1914. At the end of the 19th century, on average, 8.2 accounted for the city, and in 1917 12.2 thousand inhabitants. Almost until the end of the XIX century, the growth of cities was moderate. Even such a city as Irkutsk, who played the role of the leading center, grew slowly. In 1836, his population was about 20 thousand people, by the time of reform of 1861 - 25, and by 1897 - 51.5 thousand inhabitants.

Calculation of the population of the city produced by the formula:

The total population of the city, people;

The number of the city-forming group, people;

Specific weight of the service group,%;

The proportion of the non-emermercing population,%.

The number of the city-forming group determine how the total number of industry workers, external transport, construction organizations, research institutes and design institutions, as well as 25% of the number of students of the day branch of universities and 15% of the number of students and vocational school students.

Thus, the number of the city-forming group is:

Specific gravity

The specific weight of the serving group is usually 18-25% (we take 25%), and the share of the non-emermercing population, taking into account the expansion of the territories of the city is 40-46% (we accept 44%). Thus, the total population is:

According to these individual tasks, we calculate the number of people living in areas with different storeysuits:

The size of the main territories of the city (by pre-balance) is calculated by the formula:

Where is the area of \u200b\u200bthe territory, ha;

Population population depending on the building storeinets, people;

UC - specific size of the element of the area of \u200b\u200bthe residential area, m 2 / person.

Square of the elements of residential areas

On the basis of a table 2 of the methodological indication, we determine the area of \u200b\u200belements of residential areas, city-wide centers, green plantings, warehouses, enterprises and facilities of communion, forest parks, etc.

For example, the area of \u200b\u200bresidential neighborhoods is for 4-storey buildings:

The area of \u200b\u200bthe residential streets and roads takes 16-18% (we accept 16%) from the total area of \u200b\u200bthe residential area and is respectively:

The area of \u200b\u200bthe territories of universities, technical schools and vocational schools determine depending on the number of students on table 3 of methodical instructions. All results obtained in Table 1.

Balance of the city's territory

Table 1 - Preliminary Balance of the City Territory

Earth C / x land make up 20% of:

residential territory + industrial territory + sanitary protection zones + territory of external transport.