Pumping station lifting water 20 meters. The device and principle of operation of self-priming pumps. The best powerful surface pumps

14.07.2020 Repairs

The "heart" of any pumping station is a surface self-priming pump. Despite the wide range of models on sale, none of them, in practice, can "boast" of outstanding ability to absorb water from great depths. As a rule, for surface pumps of this type, the limit of possibilities lies at about 8 meters. Models with injectors or ejectors are somewhat "stronger", and the suction depth can reach 12 ÷ 15 meters.

When choosing a pumping station, it is necessary to pay special attention to this circumstance, so as not to get into a situation where the funds will be wasted and the unit will not cope with its functions. To estimate the required parameters, you can use the calculator below for calculating the required suction depth for the pumping station.

Explanations on its use will be given in the text section below the calculator.

The efficiency of the functioning of the entire autonomous water supply system, which is served by such a device, depends on how correctly the pump is chosen for a well of 30 meters or for underground sources of greater depth. Modern manufacturers produce many different models of borehole pumps, which differ from each other both in design and in principle of operation. In order to correctly select pumping equipment for solving a specific task, you should understand both its design and types.

Types of pumping equipment for well equipment

Electric pumps used for servicing underground wells, depending on their location relative to the pumped liquid medium, are divided into two categories:

surface-type equipment that is installed on the surface of the earth, in the immediate vicinity of an underground source;
submersible or downhole equipment placed in the thickness of the liquid medium pumped by it.

By design and operating principle, well pumps are divided into devices of several categories:

centrifugal type devices;
vibration pumps for wells;
screw pumping equipment;
vortex type borehole pumps.

Ground pumps for wells are convenient to use, among other things, due to the fact that such devices, due to their location on the surface of the earth, are easy to maintain. Meanwhile, this type of hydraulic machine can only be used for pumping liquid medium from wells no more than 10 meters deep. If you are thinking about which pump to choose for a well of 20 meters, 50 meters and even 100 meters, then you need to consider submersible devices.

An important advantage of using submersible pumps for equipping wells is also the fact that such devices, being constantly in the thickness of the liquid medium pumped by them during operation, do not need additional cooling.

According to how the principle of controlling a borehole pump is implemented, such a device can be of a manual or automatic type. A manual hydraulic machine, in contrast to an automatic one, which requires electricity to operate, is non-volatile.

What is the principle of various types of borehole pumps

Choosing a pump for a well of 15 meters, 30 meters or for equipping an underground source of greater depth, as mentioned above, it is necessary to know the principle of operation of various types of pumping equipment.

Surface

Asking the question of which pump to choose for a well of 30 or 40 meters, it should be borne in mind that surface-type devices are not suitable for this. They can be used only if the depth of the source from which water is to be pumped out does not exceed 10 meters. Pumps of this type are installed on the surface of the earth or on a specially equipped floating platform, and the liquid medium is supplied from an underground source through a hose or pipe. When using surface pumps, it is necessary to ensure that the pumped liquid does not get onto the device body.

Centrifugal

Submersible pumps of the centrifugal type are the most common equipment used for pumping liquid media from wells of considerable depth. The basis of the design of such hydraulic machines, with the help of which even a very deep well can be successfully serviced, is the impeller. On the outer surface of the impeller, blades are fixed that move the pumped liquid medium along the inner chamber.

When the impeller rotates, which is equipped with a centrifugal submersible pump for a well, a centrifugal force acts on the pumped liquid medium, which promotes the expulsion of the liquid through the discharge pipe. When the liquid is thrown to the walls of the working chamber, a vacuum of air is created in the central part of the chamber, which ensures the suction of the next portion of the liquid medium through the inlet pipe.

The centrifugal pumping equipment is characterized by high performance. In addition, such devices are capable of creating a flow of a liquid medium characterized by a significant head, so that this pump can be used for a well of 40 meters, for a well of 50 meters, and even for equipping an underground source, the depth of which is 100 meters.

There are many different models of deep-well centrifugal pumps on the modern market, so the consumer has a lot to choose from. When using a centrifugal submersible pump for a well of 20 meters, 30, 40, 50 or even 100 meters deep, it must be borne in mind that it is critical to the content of solid impurities in the pumped liquid medium, so you need to take care of equipping it with a filter element.

Vortex

Deep vortex pumps, which in their design are a modification of centrifugal devices, are used for wells with a depth of 30 meters or more. Along with the impeller, this type of pump has grooves made on the walls of the inner working chamber. Moving along these grooves, the flow of the pumped liquid medium acquires additional acceleration. Thanks to such design features These pumps can be installed on wells with a depth of 40 meters or more, even with a small debit, since these hydraulic machines are able to form a flow characterized by a stable pressure.

Deep well vortex pumps are not designed to work with a liquid medium that contains solid inclusions in an amount of more than 40 g / l. In addition, it should be borne in mind that such equipment, when compared with centrifugal equipment, has a lower productivity.

Screw

Screw borehole pumps used for pumping liquid medium from wells, the depth of which does not exceed 15 meters, are distinguished by the lowest cost among all pumping equipment on the modern market. The design of such pumps is based on a screw (or auger), which, while rotating, moves a liquid medium along the inner chamber of the device and pushes it into the discharge pipe.

Vibrating

Vibration-type pumping equipment, which is not characterized by high performance, is used to pump water out of shallow tanks, the walls of which are reliably protected from destruction. Such pumps in the process of work create vibration waves in the surrounding liquid medium, which contributes to the destruction of unprotected walls of wells and wells. When using vibration-type pumping equipment, it should also be borne in mind that it is quite critical of a liquid medium, which contains insoluble solid inclusions.

Manual

Manual borehole pumps, which are characterized by low performance and are driven by a special lever, are advisable to use only in cases of power outages. As a rule, pumps of this type are used when it is required to pump out a small amount of a liquid medium from an underground source.

Pumps for wells no more than 20 meters deep

For wells with a depth of 10 or 15 meters, surface injection-type pumping equipment can be used, which is much more convenient to maintain than submersible devices. Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that such equipment is characterized by low efficiency. Because of this, submersible equipment is most often purchased for pumping liquid medium from wells of such depth.

In order to select pumping equipment with appropriate characteristics for a well whose depth does not exceed 20 meters, you must perform the following steps:

The value of the well depth (it can be measured with a simple rope with a load at the end) must be added to the distance over which the liquid medium must be transported along the horizontal section of the pipeline.
From the obtained value, subtract the distance at which the submersible pump will be removed from the bottom of the underground source.
According to the calculated distance, you can select pumping equipment with the required characteristics. It should be borne in mind that for transporting liquid over a distance of 10 meters, a pressure of 1 atmosphere is required.
The power of the selected equipment must be increased by 10% to take into account the hydraulic losses occurring in the pipeline.

For example, let's select a pump for a well 20 meters deep, which should create a pressure equal to 2 atmospheres (20 meters) in a pipeline 40 meters long. With a distance at which the pump is located from the bottom of the well, equal to 4 meters, the head that the selected equipment should create can be calculated as follows:

20 + 20–4 + (40x0.1) \u003d 40 m

Based on the obtained value, one can select inexpensive models of pumps made in China or Russia, or more expensive equipment from European manufacturers.

Pumps for equipping wells from 20 to 30 meters

If the drilling of a well, which must be equipped with a deep pump, is carried out to a depth exceeding 20 meters, then the choice of equipment for it is also carried out according to the above principle. So, if a pump is needed to service a well 25 meters deep and transport a liquid medium through a pipeline 40 meters long at a pressure of 3 atmospheres (30 meters), then the pressure created by equipment suitable for solving such a problem is calculated as follows:

25 + 30–5 + (40x0.1) \u003d 54 m

Based on the obtained value and the cross-section of the casing, which is installed in the well, pumping equipment with appropriate characteristics is selected. To equip wells of such depth, as a rule, submersible centrifugal pumps are chosen.

Devices for wells up to 40, 50, 80 and 100 meters deep

The value of the head that the pump must create to equip wells of considerable depth is also calculated according to the above scheme. Considering the fact that it is quite difficult to lift pumping equipment from wells of such depth, it is better to choose high-quality and more reliable models for servicing them. For this purpose, as a rule, either powerful submersible pumps or surface pumping stations are used, equipped, in addition to the pump itself, with a hydraulic accumulator.

To ensure the efficient and uninterrupted operation of the pumping equipment used to service the well, it is necessary to correctly install it, for which you can use the following recommendations.

In the event that a submersible rather than a surface pump is installed to service the well, it is located in an underground source at least 1 meter above the bottom. Submersible pumps are lowered into a well or a well using a special cable, while a pipe or hose is pre-connected to them for lifting the pumped liquid medium, as well as a power cable.
Surface-type pumping equipment is installed either in a specially prepared room or in the caisson of the well. A hose is lowered into the well itself to pump out the liquid medium, which is connected to the suction pipe of the hydraulic machine. In the event that an ejector is used together with a surface pump, then a pressure hose is also lowered into the well together with the suction hose.
When using both surface and submersible pumps for well maintenance, it is recommended to purchase a check valve and a coarse filter, which will protect the equipment from idling and the ingress of solid impurities contained in the pumped liquid medium into its interior.
Before installing pumping equipment, it is recommended to thoroughly clean the well shaft.

Selection options

When choosing a pump with which a well or a well will be serviced, one should focus on the following parameters of equipment and an underground source:

the head of the liquid medium flow created by the pump, measured in meters of water column;
device performance;
debit of an underground source;
inner diameter of the casing;

The surface pump is designed to supply the building with water. It is also used for watering the site. The device is installed in a well, a well, a reservoir, etc. It is capable of lifting water from different depths. This indicator depends on the model, the type of equipment, and the use of additional devices.

So, from what depth can a surface pump lift water?

Water rise parameters

So, most often the equipment is capable of lifting water from such a depth:

7.5 meters. The simplest self-priming devices lift water from such a depth. Such models have the most affordable cost. They are characterized by low power consumption and good performance.
9 meters. Most models are capable of lifting water from a well or well from a given depth. This is the simplest device, when using which no additional devices are used.
Up to 40 meters. In this case, a surface pump with an ejector is used. This is a special device that attaches to the end of the hose. It should be borne in mind that the greater the depth, the lower the performance of the equipment. At the same time, power consumption is growing and, as a result, energy consumption.

With a well or well depth of more than 25 meters, experts recommend purchasing borehole pumps, since in this case the cost of the equipment is actually equalized. At a depth of more than 30 meters, it is more profitable to purchase downhole devices, since they consume much less electricity than surface ones with an ejector.

In this case, it is important to take into account the distance from the house to the well or well. Every 1000 cm corresponds to 100 cm of well depth. With a large distance from the building to the reservoir, it is better to refuse to buy a traditional surface pump, since its use will be impractical. In this case, equipment with an ejector is used. Such devices are capable of working at great depths.

The maximum depth of water rise is limited by the laws of physics. In most cases, the models are designed to transport liquid from a depth of 7-8 meters. It should be noted that most manufacturers are reinsured and underestimate the maximum suction depth. This is due to improper use of the device.

Most surface pumps have a capacity of 3-5 m3 / hour. They create a head of 45-60 meters of water column, that is, in fact, 4.5-6 bar. In this case, the height of the building should be taken into account. For tall cottages, models with a maximum water pressure should be purchased.

Also, when choosing, you should pay attention to the technical characteristics of the devices. It is important that the productivity of the device is slightly lower than the productivity of the well itself. This saves equipment from premature failure. It should be borne in mind that the productivity of a well in a sandy rock is lower than that of an artesian well.

Pumps are used to supply water to the house or water the garden. There they are different types and designs, and each of them finds its own field of application. If you need an inexpensive and reliable device for pumping water from a well, log or some kind of container, pay attention to a self-priming pump. These are relatively inexpensive devices that are installed on the surface, they can pump water from a fairly decent depth - 8-9 m. If necessary, the models are supplemented with ejectors, then the suction depth increases to 20-35 m.

Self-priming pumps: device and types

Self-priming pumps pump water from a depth of 8-9 meters, while they themselves are on the surface. Water rises due to the fact that in the central part of the body, due to the movement of the wheels with blades, a low pressure area is created. In an effort to fill it, the water rises. So it turns out that the pump sucks in water.

Like any other pump, a self-priming pump consists of an engine and a working chamber in which the delivery mechanism is located. The pump and motor shafts are connected through a coupling, the connection reliability and tightness is determined by the type of seal. There are two types of seals:

stuffing box - cheaper and less reliable;
face seal - more reliable, but expensive.

There are models of self-priming pumps with magnetic couplings. They do not require seals, since they do not have through connections. This is by far the most reliable design, but also the most expensive.

Structure and principle of operation

According to the mode of action, a self-priming pump can be vortex and centrifugal. In both, the impeller is the key link, only it has a different structure and is installed in a housing of a different shape. This changes the principle of work.

Centrifugal

Self-priming centrifugal pumps have an interesting structure of the working chamber - in the form of a snail. Impellers are fixed in the center of the body. There can be one wheel, then the pump is called single-stage, there can be several - multi-stage design. Single-stage ones always work at the same power, multi-stage ones can change the capacity depending on the conditions, respectively, they are more economical (less power consumption).

The main working element in this design is a wheel with blades. The blades are bent in the opposite direction to the movement of the wheel. When moving, they seem to push the water, squeezing it to the walls of the case. This phenomenon is called centrifugal force, and the area between the blades and the wall is called the "diffuser". So, the impeller moves, creating an area of \u200b\u200bincreased pressure on the periphery and pushing the water towards the outlet.

At the same time, a low pressure zone forms in the center of the impeller. Water is sucked into it from the supply pipeline (suction line). In the picture above, incoming water is indicated by yellow arrows. Further, it is pushed by the impeller to the walls and, due to the centrifugal force, rises upward. This process is constant and endless, repeating as long as the shaft is spinning.

There is a drawback associated with the principle of operation of centrifugal pumps: the impeller cannot create centrifugal force from the air, therefore, the body is filled with water before operation. Since the pumps often operate in an intermittent mode, so that water does not flow out of the housing when stopped, a check valve is installed on the suction pipe. These are the features of the operation of self-priming centrifugal pumps. If the check valve (it must be mandatory) on the supply pipeline is at the bottom, the entire pipeline has to be filled, and this will require more than one liter.

Name	Power	Pressure	Maximum suction depth	Performance	Body material	Connecting dimensions	Price
Caliber NBTs-380	380 watts	25 m	9 m	28 l / min	cast iron	1 inch	32$
Metabo P 3300 G	900 watts	45 m	8 m	55 l / min	cast iron (stainless steel drive shaft)	1 inch	87$
ZUBR ZNS-600	600 watts	35 m	8 m	50 l / min	plastic	1 inch	71$
Elitech HC 400V	400W	35 m	8 m	40 l / min	cast iron	25 mm	42$
PATRIOT QB70	750 watts	65 m	8 m	60 l / min	plastic	1 inch	58$
Jileks Jumbo 70/50 H 3700	1100 Wt	50 m	9 m (built-in ejector)	70 l / min	cast iron	1 inch	122$
BELAMOS XI 13	1200 watts	50 m	8 m	65 l / min	stainless steel	1 inch	125$
BELAMOS XA 06	600 watts	33 m	8 m	47 l / min	cast iron	1 inch	75$

Vortex

The vortex self-priming pump differs in the structure of the housing and the impeller. The impeller is a disc with short radial baffles located along the edges. It is called an impeller.

The body is made in such a way that it quite tightly covers the "flat" part of the impeller, and a significant lateral clearance remains in the area of \u200b\u200bthe baffles. When the impeller rotates, the water is carried away by the bridges. Due to the action of centrifugal force, it is pushed against the walls, but after some distance it again falls into the zone of action of the partitions, receiving an additional portion of energy. Thus, in the gaps, it also twists into vortices. It turns out a double vortex flow, which gave the name to the equipment.

Due to the peculiarities of their work, vortex pumps can create a pressure 3-7 times more than centrifugal ones (with the same wheel sizes and rotation speed). They are ideal when low flow and high pressure is required. Another plus - they can pump a mixture of water and air, sometimes even create a vacuum if they are filled with only air. This makes it easier to start up - no need to fill the chamber with water or just a small amount of it. The disadvantage of vortex pumps is low efficiency. It cannot be higher than 45-50%.

Name	Power	Head (lifting height)	Performance	Suction depth	Body material	Price
LEO XKSm 60-1	370 Wt	40 m	40 l / min	9 m	cast iron	24$
LEO XKSm 80-1	750 watts	70 m	60 l / min	9 m	cast iron	89$
AKO QB 60	370 Wt	30 m	28 l / min	8 m	cast iron	47$
AKO QB 70	550 watts	45 m	40 l / min	8 m	cast iron	68 $
Pedrollo PKm 60	370 Wt	40 m	40 l / min	8 m	cast iron	77$
Pedrollo PK 65	500 watts	55 m	50 l / min	8 m	cast iron	124$

Ejector

The greatest depth from which surface vortex and centrifugal pumps can lift water is 8-9 meters, often it is located deeper. To "get" it from there, an ejector is installed on the pumps. This is a tube of a special shape, which, when water moves through it, creates a vacuum at the inlet. So such devices are also self-priming. A self-priming ejector pump can lift water from a depth of 20-35 m, and this is more than enough for most sources.

Remote ejector connection diagram for wells of different diameters - two-inch on the right, four-inch on the left

The disadvantage is that in order to ensure operation, part of the understood water must be returned back, therefore, the performance is significantly reduced - such a pump can provide not very large water consumption, but no less electricity is spent to ensure operability. When installing an injector into a well or a well of sufficient width, two pipelines are lowered into the source - one supplying larger diameter, the second, returnable, smaller. An ejector is connected to their outputs, and a filter and a check valve are installed at the end. In this case, the disadvantage is also obvious - double pipe flow, which means a more expensive installation.

In small-diameter wells, one pipeline is used - the supply, and instead of the return one, the well casing is used. Thus, a rarefaction zone is also formed.

Vortex and centrifugal - comparison and scope

Common features first:

maximum suction depth - 8-9 meters;
installation method - superficial;
there must be a pipe or a reinforced hose on the suction line (do not install a regular hose, it will be flattened by negative pressure).

Now about the differences between vortex and centrifugal models. Vortex pumps are more compact, cost less, but generate more noise during operation. Centrifugal ones are quieter, they create a little pressure at the outlet. Vortex with the same impeller size and speed of rotation can create pressure 3-7 times more. But it cannot be said that this is their advantage - far from always a great pressure is required at the exit. For example, it is not needed when watering the garden and vegetable garden. High pressure water will simply wash out the soil and expose the roots. Therefore, it is better to take a self-priming centrifugal pump as a pump for irrigation.

High outlet pressure may be required when organizing a water supply system at home. This is where the characteristics of vortex pumps are required. They only have one drawback: they cannot provide a high flow rate. So more often for these purposes they use the same centrifugal, but paired with. True, then it turns out already.

The main disadvantage of surface centrifugal self-priming pumps is the need to fill them with water before starting. Not the most enjoyable activity that adds to the hassle of using such a water pump.

Pumps are used to supply water to the house or water the garden. They are of different types and designs, and each of them finds its own field of application. If you need an inexpensive and reliable device for pumping water from a well, log or some kind of container, pay attention to a self-priming pump. These are relatively inexpensive devices that are installed on the surface, they can pump water from a fairly decent depth - 8-9 m. If necessary, the models are supplemented with ejectors, then the suction depth increases to 20-35 m.

Self-priming pumps: device and types

Self-priming pump appearance

stuffing box - cheaper and less reliable;
face seal - more reliable, but expensive.

Structure and principle of operation

Centrifugal

Self-priming centrifugal pump device

Flow diagram of water in a centrifugal pump

The vortex self-priming pump differs in the structure of the housing and the impeller. The impeller is a disc with short radial baffles located along the edges. It is called an impeller.

Vortex pump structure

Ejector

Remote ejector connection diagram for wells of different diameters - two-inch on the right, four-inch on the left

The disadvantage is that in order to ensure operation, part of the understood water must be returned back, therefore, the performance is significantly reduced - such a pump can provide not very large water consumption, but no less electricity is spent to ensure operability. When installing the injector into a well or a well of sufficient width, two pipelines are lowered into the source - one supply with a larger diameter, the second, returnable, smaller. An ejector is connected to their outputs, and a filter and a check valve are installed at the end. In this case, the disadvantage is also obvious - double pipe flow, which means a more expensive installation.

In small-diameter wells, one pipeline is used - the supply, and instead of the return, the well casing is used. Thus, a rarefaction zone is also formed.

Vortex and centrifugal - comparison and scope

Common features first:

maximum suction depth - 8-9 meters;
installation method - superficial;
there must be a pipe or a reinforced hose on the suction line (do not install a regular hose, it will be flattened by negative pressure).

High outlet pressure may be required when organizing a home water supply system. This is where the characteristics of vortex pumps are required. They only have one drawback: they cannot provide a high flow rate. So more often for these purposes they use the same centrifugal one, but in tandem with a hydraulic accumulator. True, then it turns out already a pumping station.

Surface centrifugal pumps must be filled with water before starting

Self-priming pump: device, principle of operation, application

What is good about a self-priming pump, what is the difference between vortex and centrifugal pumps, where they are used, the principle of their operation and device.

Analysis of the internal device and the principle of operation of a self-priming pump for water

For the device of effective systems of autonomous water supply in country cottages, private houses and summer cottages self-priming water pumps are needed. From the name it follows that this equipment is capable, being at a short distance from the water intake source, to raise liquid from the depth, passing it "through itself". Models produced by manufacturers differ in purpose and in a number of technical characteristicsto consider when choosing a pump for domestic use. Quite often, self-priming pumps in autonomous suburban water supply systems come with a storage or diaphragm pressure tank. True, this type of equipment is already called a pumping station.

Types of self-priming pumps

Manufacturers produce self-priming pumps with built-in or external ejector. In this type of pumping equipment, the suction and rise of the liquid occurs due to its discharge. During operation, ejector installations emit too much noise, so a special room is selected for their placement on the site, located at a sufficient distance from the residential building. The main advantage of self-priming pumps with an ejector is their ability to lift water from a great depth, an average of about 10 meters. In this case, the supply pipe is lowered into the water intake source, and the pump itself is installed at a certain distance from it. This arrangement allows you to freely control the operation of the equipment, which affects the duration of its use.

Important! For all models of domestic self-priming pumps of this type, it is important to provide protection against "dry running", which provokes unit breakdown in most cases.

The second type of equipment includes self-priming pumps that provide water lifting without ejectors. In models of this type of pump, fluid suction is provided by a hydraulic device with a special multi-stage design. Hydraulic pumps work silently, unlike ejector models, but they are inferior to them in terms of the depth of fluid intake.

Design and principle of operation of a centrifugal pump

The figure shows the device of a self-priming centrifugal pump. In the housing, which has a spiral shape, there is a rigidly fixed wheel, which consists of a pair of discs with blades inserted between them. The blades are bent in the opposite direction from the direction of rotation of the impeller. By means of branch pipes of a certain diameter, the pump is connected to the discharge and suction pipelines.

So you can schematically represent the device of a self-priming centrifugal pump for pumping water, used in private houses and dachas

The principle of operation of centrifugal self-priming pumps is as follows:

After filling the housing and the suction pipe with water, the impeller starts to rotate.
The centrifugal force arising from the rotation of the wheel displaces water from its center and throws it to the peripheral areas.
Due to the increased pressure created in this case, the liquid is displaced from the periphery into the pressure pipeline.
At this time, in the center of the impeller, the pressure, on the contrary, decreases, which causes the flow of liquid through the suction water pipe into the pump housing.
According to this algorithm, there is a continuous supply of water with a self-priming centrifugal pump.

Important! The design of centrifugal pumps can be from one to several impellers. According to the number of wheels, single-stage and multi-stage pumping units are distinguished. However, the number of wheels does not affect the overall operation of this equipment. In any case, the liquid moves under the action of the centrifugal force generated by the rotating wheels.

The working principle of the self-priming vortex pump

The air shown in yellow in the figure is drawn into the pump housing by a vacuum created by rotating the impeller (impeller). Further, the air that has got inside the pump is mixed with the working fluid contained in the unit body. In the figure, this liquid is shown in blue.

This figure shows the design and principle of operation of a vortex self-priming pump for lifting liquid to a height of no more than eight meters

After the mixture of air and liquid enters the working chamber, these components are separated from each other, based on the difference in their densities. In this case, the separated air is removed through the supply line, and the liquid is recirculated in the working chamber. When all air is removed from the suction line, the pump is filled with water and starts operating in the centrifugal mode.

Possible versions of vortex self-priming water pumps manufactured by manufacturers for domestic use by owners of private houses and country cottages

A check valve is installed on the suction flange, which is designed to prevent backflow of air into the pipeline, as well as to ensure the constant presence of working fluid in the pump chamber. Thanks to such a device and the principle of operation, vortex self-priming pumps with a flooded chamber are capable of lifting liquid from a depth not exceeding eight meters, without installing a bottom valve.

Important! Vortex pumps are designed to pump not only water, but also liquid-air mixtures.

What is the difference between vortex and centrifugal designs?

The centrifugal unit is more massive in dimensions than the self-priming vortex water pump, which is compact in size. But centrifugal pumps make little noise, which is important when used in everyday life. Vortex models are sold at a lower price, which is also important for the consumer. At the same time, the water pressure created by vortex pumps can exceed the capabilities of centrifugal models up to seven times.

When choosing a self-priming pump, you should not be guided only by prices, since cheap equipment may not ensure the normal operation of water supply systems. It is advisable to build on the purpose of the pump and its technical characteristics. With the right choice of the pump model and observing the manufacturer's recommendations on the method of its operation, you can count on the long-term functioning of the purchased equipment.

The device and principle of operation of a self-priming pump for water

Centrifugal and vortex self-priming pumps for water. The principle of operation of a self-priming pump with an ejector. How the design of a vortex pump differs from that of a centrifugal pump.

What are the advantages of self-priming pumps?

Self-priming pumps are a real find for the owners of wells and wells who decide to conduct an autonomous water supply system in their vacation home... These compact units are well protected against overheating. At the first start-up, a certain amount of water, provided by the design, is poured into the pump, which remains inside the case even if there is no liquid in the water supply system completely. In this way, the designers have significantly increased the durability of the equipment. This precaution is not necessary for models with air intake.

Pumps of this type are very often installed in domestic pumping stations. They function on the principle of drawing in and passing water through themselves, and are able to maintain a stable working head in the water supply system. When working with equipment of this type, it is also necessary to know how to get the pump out of the well.

Due to their reliability and high performance, the units are actively used both in everyday life and in industrial needs.

Application area

The main advantage of any self-priming pump is its durability. In addition, the device is virtually independent of service conditions. The industry produces both stationary and mobile pumps, which allows expanding the scope of their application. The equipment easily copes with pumping clean water and viscous liquids. In this case, the working temperature should not exceed +35 degrees. Although for special products, this figure has been increased to one hundred degrees Celsius.

In domestic conditions, the device is used for pumping water from shallow wells for water supply or intake from open reservoirs for watering beds. The pump copes with both tasks perfectly.

In industry, pumps are most widely used - pumping fuel oil and diesel fuel from tanks, salted and waste water ... The units are not afraid of water with small inclusions of silt, sand and dirt. Therefore, powerful production models are successfully used to pump out the contents of sewage pits or drain small private ponds and swimming pools.

The only drawback of a self-priming pump is its working depth up to 8-10 meters. From deeper reservoirs or wells, it will not be possible to raise water with such a pump. Most often, it is not immersed in water, but installed on the surface. Injection is carried out through a hose, so the capabilities of the equipment in terms of deep use are somewhat limited. But there are also more advanced submersible models that cost a little more.

Characteristics that are tempting for domestic use are:

the possibility of installation outside the water supply source - can be mounted on the head of a shallow well with technical water, in a caisson chamber, a technical extension or in the basement of a residential building;
ease of maintenance - all important components are on the surface;
low cost of the unit - structural steel is used;
powerful engine - there is enough space for its installation in the case, because this is not a narrow deep-well pump of a cylindrical shape.

Main types

Self-priming pumps, depending on the design features, have several basic varieties. It is very important to choose the right pump for the well.

Centrifugal pumps

They consist of a snail-shaped body (it must always be filled with water) and an engine with an impeller-shaped disk (that is, with special paddle blades). The impeller at high speeds creates a vacuum in the housing, which allows the pump to draw in liquid.

Vortex pumps

Devices of this type are capable of operating not only with liquid, but also with air. They are not afraid of dry running. Instead of an impeller, such pumps are equipped with a special wheel (impeller) that draws air into the housing and mixes it with the incoming liquid. Excess air is vented through a separate valve. Air also contributes to the development of vacuum and liquid absorption.

With ejector

Units of this type work on the same principles as vortex pumps. However, the ejector allows you to make a fence from a depth of 15 to 30 meters, significantly increasing the power of the device (the standard is 8-10 meters). These pumps are very noisy. There are models with remote ejectors that are installed outside the living area, thereby solving the problem with noise.

Usage methods

The centrifugal pumps can be used for installation both on the surface and directly in the water. Manufacturers produce both types of models. Experts recommend surface models for temporary (seasonal) water supply. They are easy to maintain and install.

If necessary, such a pump is easy to dismantle and put away for storage or move to another place.

And submersible units are considered ideal equipment for an autonomous water supply system (including those used to work in wells up to 30 meters deep). They are also indispensable for many hours of watering, drainage of a pool or flooded basement.

Operating principle

Any of the self-priming type pumps operates due to the vacuum that occurs in the housing at the time the electric motor is running. There are two holes on the body - inlet and outlet. The first is located in close proximity to the blades (impeller), rotating due to the generation of torque by the engine on the shaft. The second is located at the end of the body - water flows here under pressure.

The centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the impeller (or disc for vortex-type models) creates a vacuum that allows water to be drawn in through a hose located in a source with water.

The case for centrifugal models is pre-filled with water. And vortex pumps work by sucking in air, so the device chamber is not filled with water before the first start-up.

The devices work equally well with both clean and polluted (turbid) water mixed with silt and sand. For work with very dirty water, special models are available, equipped with a protective grill that filters large particles of dirt and impurities. Such pumps are designed for pumping feces or drainage of wells, wells, pools, basements.

What to give preference to?

There is no single universal advice for choosing a self-priming pump. Recommendations can be reduced to the following nuances:

Centrifugal apparatus are large in size and feature virtually silent operation. Their disadvantages include low productivity and the ability to work with a depth of no more than 8-10 meters. It is a good choice for indoor installation and connection to a shallow well, as well as a seasonal option for watering beds with water from a river or lake.

For medium wells, a vortex pump is the best choice.

It is more powerful, works with a depth of 15, and with the existing ejector, and up to 30 meters. Such a pump can be installed inside a well by submerging it in water (special submersible models). We add that you need to think about choosing a pump already at the stage of drilling a well.

Model overview

This pump is produced by the Ukrainian trade mark of the same name. It is a centrifugal submersible pump. Works when fully immersed in water.

small size - fits into a well with a diameter of 8 to 16 centimeters;
reliability.

works only at a depth of 15 meters;
designed to supply clean water without impurities.

The average market price is from 7 800 to 14 000 rubles, depending on the model.

This Italian pump is a typical example of a surface vortex pump. Working depth up to 7 meters. It is used for watering, irrigation and water supply from shallow wells.

long service life;
structural reliability;
low energy consumption.

cannot be used at great depths.

Average cost from 10,000 rubles.

Grundfos JPBasic 2

Produced by the Danish manufacturer of the same name and designed for surface work. It operates on a centrifugal principle. Can be used as the main unit for a pumping station.

low electricity consumption;
reliable cast iron body;
the ability to pump water from an open reservoir.

cannot be used deeper than eight meters.

Price from 10 200 rubles.

Produced by the Latvian company of the same name. It is a submersible vortex pump. Able to deliver up to 51 liters of water per minute.

power;
installation in a well up to 70 meters deep (which is a record in this class of pumps);
low electricity consumption.

difficulty in maintenance (equipment must be removed from the well).

Self-priming pumps, device, principles of operation

Self-priming pump: area of \u200b\u200buse, main types, methods of application, principle of operation, selection features, examples of models

Self-priming pump for water

There are often situations in life when it is necessary to pump water from one place to another. An example is the rise of water from a well or a well, pumping out of a pool, arrangement of an autonomous water supply network. Examples can be given for a very long time. They are all different, but each has one common detail - a submersible or surface self-priming pump for water.

Unit features

In the process of determining which apparatus is needed, it is important to remember that for each specific case, the appropriate mechanism should be selected. So, a self-priming pump during operation takes into account the following factors:

the quality of the water to be supplied;

the depth of its occurrence;

the distance over which the liquid must be pumped;

Usually, all these parameters, in an averaged form, are already included in the performance of the unit. But when choosing a pump model, it is better to clarify them additionally.

A self-priming pump lifts and transfers water while eliminating flow cavitation. Thanks to this feature, the device works very quietly, without creating water hammer. If we talk about a surface pump, then it is not located in the water, but on the surface, and a pipe is drawn to the water source.

For the production of the pump, high-quality materials are used to ensure the strength of the body of this device. The device itself is resistant to the effects of an aggressive environment and is characterized by high performance.

Advantages and disadvantages

Among the characteristics that a self-priming pump for water has, the following can be distinguished:

Along with this, the pump has one significant drawback - a limited suction depth, the value of which is only 9-10 meters. But manufacturers have learned to work around this disadvantage. In situations where the water level is very low, ejectors are used. This technique allows you to increase the suction depth to 30-35 m.

Application area

The self-priming pump for water is perfect for domestic needs. This is a durable and effective device capable of lifting water from a well or well, transferring it to the house. It is used for watering the site, and as a source of water, you can use not only a well, but also rivers, ponds and others. It is also used in swimming pools and irrigation systems. With its help, the pressure in the pipeline is regulated. Therefore, the mechanism can be used in systems of autonomous water supply for domestic and municipal purposes.

Suction classification

According to this parameter, two categories of pump are distinguished: self-priming and normal-priming. They differ in their response to air entering the system.

The normal suction pump shuts off when air enters. The water flow in the system moves by gravity. The device cannot work if there is no water. Therefore, when air enters, a mechanism will be triggered, which will disable the dry running mode. The nuance lies in the fact that in such a situation the device must be restarted again.

The self-priming pump differs in that the air that has entered the system is removed automatically. Human presence is optional. This function is achieved due to the special design of the device. Air comes out through the plunger, which is located at the top of the device. A check valve is also installed there, which will protect against air ingress. In modern models there is a special built-in valve, thanks to which the device independently re-refills. Therefore, there is no need to monitor the operation of the system.

Centrifugal pumps

Self-priming centrifugal pumps operate due to the installed impeller. Depending on its structure, the principle of operation of the entire unit changes. Therefore, there are two types of pumps: centrifugal and vortex.

Centrifugal pumps have a working chamber, which externally can be compared to a volute. One or more impellers are located in the middle. The type of device depends on their number: single-stage or multi-stage. In the first case, the pump always works with the same power. The second option is more economical, since, depending on the conditions, it can change its power (performance).

Blades are installed on the impeller, which are bent in the direction opposite to the direction of the wheel movement. When the wheel moves, a centrifugal force is created, a high pressure zone is formed at the periphery, and water is pushed towards the exit from the chamber. A zone of reduced pressure is formed in the center, that is, in the impeller. This is where the water comes from the supply pipe. From here, due to the movement of the blades and the generated centrifugal force, the liquid enters the chamber wall.

The principle of operation has one drawback: the pump must be filled with water before starting. This is due to the fact that centrifugal force cannot be generated from the air. To prevent water from flowing out of the body, a check valve is installed on the supply pipe.

Vortex devices

The self-priming vortex pump differs from the centrifugal structure of the impeller, which is a disk with radial baffles along the edges.

The body of the device is close to that part of the impeller, on which there are no baffles. The second part provides for a gap. Under the action of centrifugal force when the wheel moves, water is pushed towards the periphery of the body by the partitions. But at a certain distance, it returns back to the zone of radial partitions, while receiving additional energy. Jets of water collide and form vortex flows.

The surface self-priming pump of this type also differs in that, due to its design, it is capable of creating greater pressure, which is approximately 7 times higher than that of a centrifugal pump with the same impeller size. Another plus of this device is that it can work even in the presence of air in the case. This makes it much easier to start up the equipment.

But there is also a drawback. It consists in a low value of the efficiency, about 45-50%.

Using an ejector

As already noted, a self-priming pump cannot lift water if the depth of the intake exceeds 8-9 meters. This significantly reduces the functionality of the equipment. This disadvantage can be eliminated by using an ejector. When this element is included in the system, the water intake depth increases to 40 m. Together with it, the possible distance from the equipment to the source increases.

It should be noted that when a remote ejector is added to the water intake system, its efficiency is greatly reduced and amounts to 30-35%.

Dirty water pumping

There are often cases when you need to pump dirty water. In such situations, a self-priming dirty water pump is suitable, which performs the following functions:

pumping waste water;

pumping out liquid from wells, pits, basements, drainage systems;

water supply for irrigation (including from an open reservoir);

removing water from the building in the event of an accident.

By their design, such pumps can be both submersible and surface. In the first case, the device does not need additional sleeves for operation, since it is installed on the bottom of the source. In turn, submersible devices can be drainage, borehole, fecal, well.

If the pump is rarely used, it is better to choose a surface pump. It is mounted next to the container into which a special sleeve is lowered. Through it, liquid is pumped out. There are pressure, garden, universal, circulation pumps.

As you can see, a suitable version of the self-priming hose can be selected for any situation. It is a reliable, economical and durable device that gets the job done efficiently.

Self-priming pump for water

There are often situations in life when it is necessary to pump water from one place to another. An example is the rise of water from a well or well, arrangement of an autonomous water supply network, pumping water from a pool. A self-priming water pump is used for this operation.