Past almanac, rector of nicholas in carpenters. Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Carpenters. Soviet times became the last chapter in the history of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Plotniki
The profession of a carpenter was one of the most demanded, as the wooden city was often burnt out and needed to be restored. New buildings were also placed in the tree. And carpenters cut down new houses, renovated dilapidated old ones, made interior decoration and wooden furnishings. And also their responsibilities included the fight against fire, since with the close wooden buildings to extinguish the fire, neighboring houses were destroyed.
The center of the carpenter's settlement in 1625 became the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. It stood on the site of house No. 45 on the Arbat. The inhabitants themselves built the church, and in 1670-1677 they rebuilt the one-domed church in stone. The three-tiered bell tower appeared in 1771. But the restructuring did not end there, and many times the church changed its appearance.
The Soviet era was the last chapter in the history of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Plotniki.
What is what in the churchIn 1925, the abbot was arrested, but the church was not touched. In 1927, the artist Nesterov settled near Nikola in Plotniki. He presented the temple with a crucifix of his own work. But in 1929 the church was closed, and after 3 years it was demolished.
On the site of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Plotniki in 1935, a residential building was built according to the project of L.M. Polyakova. The descendants of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin and Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy were settled there, surrounding them with special honor.
Another Arbat church dedicated to St. Nicholas - "Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Plotniki" - stood on the Arbat in the place of house number 45, at the corner of Plotnikov Lane.
According to documents, it has been known since 1625, but this church was mentioned as having existed for a long time. Initially, the sovereign's carpenters built it in their settlement, using their own strength and from the material familiar to carpentry - wood. At the end of XVii in. she was already listed as stone, in XVIII in. and later it was repeatedly rebuilt and reconstructed, but the main church, built in 1700, survived until Soviet times. The graceful bell tower, decorated with classical columns, resembled the bell towers of St. Petersburg cathedrals. By that time, there were no streltsy or artisan settlements left on the Arbat, and these places were settled mainly by the nobility and representatives of aristocratic families.
B X VIII in. next to the templebuilt a manor Vasily Streshnev, chamberlain and senator. When the first king of the Romanov family Mikhail Fedorovich married Evdokia Streshneva, the seedy family of the Streshenevs quickly turned into the richest landowners and the most influential people at the Court. Vasily Streshnev, who lived to the end X VIII century, until 1782, he donated a lot to the church in Plotniki, decorating and equipping it.
In 1807, in the parish of the Church of St. Nicholas in Plotniki, in Krivoarbatsky lane settled down the Pushkin family, who lived in Moscow in rented apartments. Little Alexander Sergeevich visited this church with his parents, confessed and received communion. Records were made in the church confession books with his name.
After a fire in 1812, the temple was restored - it was burnt, but was not destroyed.
Since 1823, the church has housed a highly revered shrine - the icon of the Balykinskaya Mother of God.
One of the lists of the icon of the Balykinskaya Mother of God
In the same temple Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol* as a godfather, he participated in the baptism ceremony of the son of a famous Slavophile philosopher Alexey Khomyakov **, little Nikolai.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Church of St. Nicholas in Poltniki was the poorest of the Arbat temples. Many residents of the street and the surrounding area preferred the more luxurious church of St. Nicholas the Yavlenniy or the cozy churches of the Arbat lanes. Only 30 houses were assigned to the parish, and the parishioners were representatives of the creative intelligentsia, who lived in large numbers in the area, retired military men, poor merchants ... And then the priest Joseph Ivanovich Fudel, a religious philosopher and publicist who had previously served as a prison priest in Butyrki, asked to be transferred to the Church of St. Nicholas in Plotniki. Father Joseph was ordained a priest with the blessing of Elder Ambrose of Optina.
Joseph Ivanovich Fudel
He managed to launch a large charitable work - the church took under its care the poor people from the parish, collected donations for the orphans and the sick, provided substantial assistance to the starving in the Volga region when another crop failure broke out there. Even modest donations, collected together, provided funds for practical work.
During the First World War, an infirmary was created at the church, in which 222 wounded were treated.
Issue of the "Parish Bulletin" from 1908 with an appeal to show mercy to children with epilepsy.
The priest published at his own expense "Parish Bulletin" - a theological and informational magazine that was distributed to parishioners' homes. In addition to other news from the parish, one could learn about charity events and take part in them as much as possible.
After 1917, the church continued to be a refuge for the Arbat "fragments of the old world", which they tried to help here. Priest I.I. Fudel died in 1918 from the "Spanish flu" - a severe form of flu that raged in the Russian Civil War. Archpriest Vladimir Vorobiev, who was soon arrested, became the rector of the church. Until 1925 he was imprisoned, and the services in the church were conducted by Hieromonk Varlaam. The fate of both clergy was tragic.
Father Vladimir was repressed again and died in prison in 1940.
Hieromonk Barlaam was shot in 1937 year at the Butovo training ground and is now canonized... The son of Joseph Fudel, Sergei, was also repeatedly repressed.
View from Plotnikov Lane to the Nikolskaya Church and Arbat, early 20th century
Residents of the Arbat were still drawn to the Church of St. Nicholas in Plotniki. For a journalist N. Zarudin ***
who settled on the Arbat in the mid-1920s, remembered "a beggar standing at the Nikolo-Plotnitskaya church in any frost and slush, for two years in a row, in an officer's greatcoat, a book collapse near the former church fence, a second-hand bookseller on one crutch ..." (feature article "Star
ina Arbat "). A disabled second-hand bookseller is a well-known collector of Moscow folklore Evgeny Baranov
****
, book author "Moscow Legends", who lived on the Arbat and earned money as a trade in second-hand books at Nikola's in Plotniki.
Artist Mikhail Nesterov, who settled in Sivtsevoy Vrazhka in the 1920s and became a parishioner of this church, presented her with "The Crucifixion", specially written by him for Nikola in Plotniki ...
In the early 1930s, a massive destruction of churches began in Moscow. On April 10, 1931, the Presidium of the Moscow City Council appealed to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee with a request to allow the closure and demolition of the church as "located on the site designated for housing
construction "
... Permission, of course, was obtained. The church was demolished in 1932 and a prestigious residential building with the first "Diet" store in Moscow, which was immensely popular with Muscovites, arose in its place. In the 1990s, it was closed, and its premises were alternately occupied by various restaurants and cafes.
Arbat Street, house number 45, built on the site of the demolished Church of St. Nicholas in Plotniki
House built by an architect L. Polyakova, itself is interesting and it did not spoil the street, but was it really necessary to destroy the architectural monument of the turn of the 17th-18th centuries, with which so much is connected in our history, for its construction? Was there no other place?
Near house number 45, at the exit from Plotnikov lane, in 2002 a monument was erected Bulat Okudzhava
(sculptor Georgy Frangulyan). The neighboring house No. 43 is associated with the poet's name.
In the early twenties, Shalva Okudzhava was sent to Moscow from the Caucasus. He was sent to study at the Institute of Red Professors. After the birth of Bulat's son in 1924, Shalva Okudzhava received a warrant for two small rooms in a communal apartment on the Arbat, in the former apartment of the manufacturer Kaminsky. In those days it was a great luxury.
The earliest life impressions of Bulat Shalvovich are associated with this house. In one of his interviews, he said: "For me, this is the homeland that they talk about. The place where I grew up, was brought up. Where there were many friends, acquaintances, relatives. I never said: Arbat is the best place on earth, but for me it is beautiful."
Here Okudzhava was formed as a person, as an artist, as a person. He began to write poetry professionally later, and became famous later, but his fame is primarily the fame of the singer Arbat, for whom Okudzhava, the "Arbat emigrant", yearned all his life.
In 1937, Bulat's parents were arrested, his father was shot on false charges, his mother ended up in the Karaganda camp, from where she managed to return only in 1955. For Arbat places, such a development of events was not uncommon. "This one
from vivid childhood memories
, - recalled Bulat Okudzhava, - almost every morning in the yard they missed someone, many were snatched out ... "
***
In 1940, the teenager had to move to relatives in Tbilisi, and in 1942, seventeen-year-old Okudzhava went to the front and after a short study ended up serving in the mortar battalion ...
Monument to Bulat Okudzhava
Photo by akadaha_z.
Another ancient Arbat church of St. Nicholas - "St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on the Sands" was located slightly away from the Arbat, in Bolshoy Nikolopeskovsky lane, which bore the name of Vakhtangov Street in Soviet times.
To be continued.
R.G.'s notes:
Arbat is one of those Moscow streets that are particularly unlucky. In the early 1930s, he lost all of his churches. Everything, to one ... But there were a lot of them on the street. The disappearance of the Arbat churches has changed both the architectural appearance of the street and its lifestyle, not to mention the spiritual component. It was an irreparable loss.
Mikhail Germashev. Arbat Street (1912-1913). The departed nature - the gate bell tower of the church of St. Nicholas the Yavlenniy, demolished in 1931, and the empire mansion of the Obolensky-Trubetskoy, destroyed by a German bomb in 1941 are clearly visible.
Once the Arbat was called St. Nicholas Street - there were three churches dedicated to St. Nicholas - Nicholas the Yavlenniy, Nicholas in Plotniki, Nicholas on the Peski ... Old Arbat residents considered this saint to be the patron saint of their small homeland. The émigré writer Boris Zaitsev, a former Arbat resident, who represented St. Nicholas in the form of a gray-bearded old cabman driving along the Arbat, also spoke about this, Andrei Bely wrote about this: “Mikola is the Arbat patron; Arbat itself - what if not Mikolina Street? ? "
Boris Zaitsev at the beginning of the twentieth century lived on the Arbat in house number 38, which was owned by the merchant A.F. Chulkov. Initially, the house was small, two-storey, then Chulkov expanded his possessions by building a large brick house of "ingenuous architecture" (as defined by Lev Kolodny) along Spasopeskovsky Lane and connecting it with the Arbat house No. 38, which was completed to 4 floors. The facades of the two combined buildings were distinguished by uncomplicated uniformity - unadorned red brickwork. Over time, the old brick darkened, giving the house an increasingly gloomy look. The brick facade survived until the reconstruction of the Arbat in the 1980s, during which the house was painted in pink tones, which completely transformed it. 
The house where Boris Zaitsev lived
Boris Zaitsev, a Russian writer, lived for more than 50 years in Paris and at a respectable age rested in Paris, on the Rue Fremikour, a little short of ninety-one years ... But all his long life he yearned for the Arbat and constantly returned to it - in works , in memories, in thoughts and conversations with family and friends. Abroad, he continued to be a famous Russian writer, but his works returned to his homeland only at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, too late, when his contemporaries were almost gone, and his name did not say much to his descendants ... Few have rediscovered this writer.
"The image of a departed youth, a noisy and free life, affectionate hustle and bustle, love, hopes, success and melancholy, fun and aspiration - it's you, Arbat," - this is how the essay "St. Nicholas Street" begins. , published in the West after Zaitsev left for emigration, one of the most poignant and important creations of the writer... Arbat remembered Zaitsev as a young student, then as a young writer of a bohemian appearance.
Andrei Bely, a friend and neighbor on the Arbat, recalled: "Boris Konstantinovich Zaitsev was both gentle and kind: in his first stories I saw a gift; student Boris, who let go of Chekhov's beard, at the end of the course put on a wide-brimmed hat, wrinkled his eyebrows and with a hooked with a stick in his hand he walked along the Arbat; and everyone began to ask:
- Who?
- Boris Zaitsev, writer ... "
Zaitsev's fame could compete with such "fiction writers" as Bunin or Kuprin ... Muscovites loved their "novice genius".
Boris Zaitsev
"Petersburg is not my city," Zaitsev wrote to his friends in 1913, "I love Mother Moscow, always faithful to her, faithful to my Arbat." Boris Zaitsev has kept this loyalty forever.
Boris Zaitsev and his Arbat friend Konstantin Balmont in the Paris emigration will mortally yearn for Moscow. In their walks in a foreign capital, they will begin to look for places that are at least somewhat similar to their beloved Arbat. Balmont will begin to assure Zaitsev that the Rue de Passy is the Parisian Arbat. “In essence, this is Passy for us like a graveyard,” Zaitsev remarks gloomily in his essay Return from Vigil.
If he managed to talk to people who had arrived from Soviet Russia, Zaitsev would greedily ask them about Moscow, about the Arbat. “Mentally, Boris Konstantinovich walked along the Arbat, recalled house after house from 'Prague' to the end of the street. At the same time he asked if this or that building had been demolished and what was in it now. He especially grieved that churches had been blown up and destroyed.” (Evgenia Deich. "From the memoirs of Boris Zaitsev").
It was not for nothing that he wrote in emigration: "Remembering his Moscow life, you see that it began and ended near the Arbat. (...) I see him now, many years later, with a caring gaze."
Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, 1881
Saint Nicholas is one of the most revered saints in Russia. Nikolin's day was celebrated twice a year - in May and December. These holidays were called Nikola summer and Nikola winter; they passed on the Arbat with special solemnity. Believers often went to the image of St. Nicholas the saint for help - it was believed that he could help out anyone who was in trouble.
Nikolay the Pleasant
The wooden building of the church was erected here in ancient times, when the Arbat was just being settled.
Archers of the times of Ivan the Terrible
Since the time of Ivan the Terrible, there has been the center of the streltsy settlement here - the parish church of the Streltsy, the Church of St. Nicholas the Yavlenniy, and the peculiar headquarters of the regiment - moving out of the hut, where the regimental treasury and banners were kept, the streltsy authorities met and the royal letters were announced.
In 1593 the building was replaced with a stone one. Visited Moscow at the end of XVI in. Bishop Arseny of Elassonsky mentioned that Boris Godunov erected a stone church of St. Nicholas on the Arbat.Godunov developed stone construction in every possible way; The Nikolskaya Church, erected at his behest, was one of the most significant Moscow buildings of that period.
The main church buildings stood in the depths of the site, however, from the Arbat one could clearly see the white majestic church towering over low-rise buildings.
The gate bell tower that adorned the Arbat (it was located between the unpreserved house number 14 and house number 16) was built later in 1639, at a time when Moscow was recovering from the consequences of the Troubles. And she turned out to be one of the best images of the 17th century hipped-roofed church buildings.
Empress Elizabeth
This church was especially revered by the Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. Arriving in Moscow, she always visited this temple and made rich donations to its treasury. According to legend, the holy fool who lived at the church prophesied a royal crown to the daughter of Peter's at a time when nothing had yet foreshadowed such changes in her fate. Having achieved the imperial crown, the empress donated the miraculous image of the Akhtyrka Mother of God in gratitude to the church. In 1761, the captain of the Guards Durnovo equipped a special side-chapel at his own expense, where the precious icon was placed.
One of the lists of the icon of the Akhtyrka Mother of God
During the reign of CatherineII the Church of St. Nicholas the Appeared was a place of public confession of criminals who committed the most cruel and savage crimes. M.I. Pylyaev in his book "Old Moscow" describes a similar case: "Of these examples, another was known in 1766, when a detachment of soldiers with loaded rifles, with a priest with a cross, accompanied a barefoot, shackled man and woman in shroud, with loose hair that fell over their eyes; these were the Zhukovs, the murderers of their mother and sister.
They stopped in front of the doors of the Assumption Cathedral, in front of the churches of St. Peter and Pavel in Basmannaya, Praskeva Pyatnitsa on Pyatnitskaya, at Nikola Yavlenniy on Arbat ... There he read the manifesto. The criminals, on their knees, had to read the prayer composed for this occasion and repeatedly repeat repentance before the people. "
Pyliaev also cites the testimony of Professor P.I. Strakhov, who died in 1813, that in XVIII in. the Church of St. Nicholas the Apparition was surrounded by a high fence with turrets, which is why the church buildings looked like a fortified monastery.
Church of St. Nicholas the Appeared from the courtyard
This church is mentioned by Leo Tolstoy in his novel War and Peace when describing the events of 1812 in Moscow. Knowing that Napoleon would enter Moscow along the Arbat (here was the end of the Smolensk road leading from the west, along which the French were advancing), Pierre Bezukhov decided to arrange an attempt on the life of the French emperor there. "Pierre's path lay through the lanes to Povarskaya and from there to the Arbat, to Nikolai Yavlenny, in whose imagination he had long ago determined the place where his work should be done." Lingering on Povarskaya, Pierre saves a child from the fire, then engages in a fight with the marauding soldiers who robbed a family of Moscow Armenians, and instead of the Arbat church gets to Zubovsky Val (now boulevard), where the French set up a guardhouse for the arrested ...
Scene of the Moscow fire of 1812 from the film "War and Peace"
When a terrible fire of 1812 raged on the Arbat, which practically destroyed the street, the brick buildings of the church burned down, but survived. They were restored, refurbished and decorated. The parishioners of Nikola Yavlenniy did not skimp on donations. On watercolor by V.N. Nechaev "View of the Arbat" (1830s) from the exposition of the memorial museum-apartment of A.S. Pushkin's temple of St. Nicholas the Appeared in the foreground is presented in all its splendor.
V.N. Nechaev. View of the Arbat
In 1830 - 1840, the Nikolo-Yavlenskaya church was one of the most "fashionable" in Moscow. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in Poshekhonskaya Starina, a book based on the writer's own childhood impressions. "St. Nicholas the Apparition had an archpriest who became famous for his sermons. It was said that he rivaled Metropolitan Filaret in this respect, that the latter was jealous of him ..."
Here, according to Saltykov-Shchedrin, they brought young ladies "to the bridegrooms" who arrived with their parents from provincial estates in Moscow for the "bride fair". During a church service, potential suitors looked for a suitable girl, then sent a matchmaker to her house to arrange a personal visit for the applicant. Having praised the groom, his income and fortune, the matchmaker asked the bride's parents for invitations for the groom ("They are very much looking for Nadezhda Vasilievna to hunt for themselves. In church, at Nikola Yavlenniy's, they saw them. They liked them so much, they liked them so much!"). If the applicant was deemed suitable, he was invited to pay a visit and get to know better. The bride was preparing for this meeting with excitement ("The sister thought about her dress in advance. She will be dressed simply, as if no one had warned her about anything, and shealways walks at home like this... A pink tartalan dress with a high bodice tied at the waist with a crimson ribbon — that's all. A string of pearls is woven into the hair, a brooch with diamonds on the chest; the ribbon is pinned with a buckle also with diamonds. The main thing is to keep it simple "..)
Parents, servants and all the household also fussed about before the groom's visit ("By seven o'clock they cleaned the hall and the living room, wiped the dust from the furniture, lit sconces with wax candles on the walls; put girandole on the table in front of the sofa in the living room ... In conclusion, they opened it in the hall. piano, they put notes on the music stand and lit on both sides of the candle, as if they were playing "). Mother had already managed to inquire about the groom from her Moscow relatives. The long-awaited guest is occupied with the conversation, which revolves more and more around the Arbat church, so as not to look for common themes for a long time.
"The guest is seated on the sofa next to the hostess.
- We, it seems, are somewhat familiar from Nikola Yavlenny, - the mother graciously begins the conversation.
- I live close to this church, so, I must confess, I go there on holidays for mass.
- And what sermons the Archpriest says! Oh, what sermons they are!
- How can I tell you, madam ... I don't like them ... "Observe" and "remember" - and without him everyone knows! And sometimes he talks freely! "
View from the house in Serebryany Lane to the Church of St. Nicholas the Yavlenniy and Arbat (early 20th century)
The Church of St. Nicholas the Yavlenniy was considered one of the most beautiful in Moscow. The architecture of the church buildings and especially the bell tower overlooking the building line of the Arbat amazed many. In 1913, the architectural historian Ivan Pavlovich Mashkov, compiling the architectural guide "Around Moscow" for the congress of architects, mentioned the Church of St. Nicholas the Yavlenniy among the main Moscow attractions. He draws attention to "the most luxurious forms ... of gated hipped-roof bell towers" of Moscow churches and points out that "the most outstanding of them belongs to the Church of St. Nicholas the Appeared on the Arbat ..." A bell tower with "an amazing, sculptural hipped roof, ... a large royal cap dress "Mashkov calls" the height of grace and taste. " It must be said that not every Moscow architectural structure was awarded such a detailed description. The guide was addressed to architects who are able to independently assess all the uniqueness of buildings. Mashkov often limited himself only to mentioning objects worthy of the attention of a specialist. And if I started to describe something in detail, then it was a masterpiece of masterpieces and truly "the height of grace and taste."
The Church of St. Nicholas the Yavlenniy was known for its extensive charity work. Until 1917, the Brotherhood of St. Nicholas existed at the church, which took care of the poorest students of theological seminaries and diocesan schools, and also took care of the orphaned children of the clergy. In honor of the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanovs, the Brotherhood founded a charitable Religious and Educational Center with a school and a free library. To raise funds for charity, the clergy had to conduct economic activities on behalf of the church.
The Church of St. Nicholas the Yavlenniy was one of the richest in Moscow. She owned several buildings on the Arbat, surrounding church buildings - residential buildings and shops, which gave a good profit. For example, the building of Karpov's flower shop, which has been trading here since 1909. The "Flowers" store remained in this place until the 90s, when a cafeteria was opened in the building rebuilt along the facade. Later, several cafes and eateries were changed there.
The church also owned both buildings on opposite corners of the Arbat and Serebryany Lane. The nondescript two-storey house (No. 16) in the photograph of 1881 appears as a one-story post-fire mansion, which has preserved the details of the Empire style. It housed a church almshouse. After alterations and additions at the beginning of the twentieth century, which turned it into a two-story shop (the second floor was residential), the house clearly began to generate income, and the lovers were transferred to a more convenient building in the back of the alley. The neighboring house was also profitable, which also belonged to the church (No. 18, built in 1909, now completely rebuilt).
Long before the houses surrounding the church became her property, there was, as already mentioned, the hut of the Streltsy regiment on the site next to the church. After the abolition of the streltsy army by Peter, the spacious stone building of the "hut" turned into a residential estate. Having changed several owners, the thoroughly rebuilt "hut"-estate became the property of Landrichter (judge) F. Manukov, the grandfather of the famous commander A.V. Suvorov. By the name of the prominent homeowner, Serebryany Lane was even called at one time Manukov. The judge's daughter married an officer of the Preobrazhensky regiment, lieutenant V.I. Suvorov, having received the Arbat estate as a dowry for the wedding.
Many researchers suggest that it was here that the great generalissimo was born. Later, the Suvorov family moved to another mansion nearby, on Nikitskaya. But the Arbat remained their favorite and home place. Over the years, the commander's children and grandchildren lived on the Arbat and in nearby lanes.
Unfortunately, after 1917 the fate of St. Nicholas the Yavlenniy was as sad as that of other Arbat churches. In 1922, the rector of the church, Archpriest Vasily Sokolov, was arrested among the famous priests in the "case of resistance to the confiscation of church valuables in Moscow." The church was closed and the warehouses of the Book Chamber were arranged in it.
In 1931 the temple of St. Nicholas the Yavlenniy was destroyed. Arbat became a government highway. The bell towers claiming "grace and taste" should not have caught the eye of the country's leadership. The demolished buildings included the Chetverik of the Godunov Church XVI in. In the depths of the church site, a typical school was built, facing towards Serebryany Lane. Classes began in 1937. Later it turned out that the school in this quarter was not needed at all, it was disbanded, and the building was occupied by various offices in turn.
This is how the corner of Arbat and Serebryany Lane began to look after the church was demolished. Only the former almshouse (16) and a flower shop (on the right edge of the photo) were left. 1970s photo
In the early 1990s, the press raised the issue of restoring the Church of St. Nicholas the Yavlenniy, or at least its bell tower in its former place, on partially preserved old foundations discovered during restoration work on the Arbat. But this idea has not yet found implementation ...
The building of the former church flower shop; behind the fence is the former garden of the Suvorov estate.
Almost simultaneously with St. Nicholas Yavlenny one more Arbat church of St. Nicholas - St. Nicholas the Wonderworker perished in Plotniki (Arbat, house number 45, at the corner of Plotnikov Lane). 
Church of St. Nicholas in Plotniki
To be continued.
Nicholas the Wonderworker in Plotniki ... Built in 1670. In the letter given to the construction of the church from Patriarch Joachim, it is written: "In the Carpenter's settlement, behind the Smolensk gates." At present, only one real church in the name of the Holy Trinity has remained intact from the previous building; the refectory was rebuilt again in 1853.
Since this temple was completely plundered in 1812, its internal iconostasis and images belong to the middle of this century. It should be noted that the church has been here since the beginning of the 16th century, but wooden, and right there was a country house of the boyar Vasily Ivanovich Streshnev nearby. The chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was built in 1688. There is also a side-altar - the Balykinskaya Mother of God.
There are two assumptions regarding the name of the church "in Plotniki". The first is that carpenters lived here in tsarist establishments, between Nikitskaya and Arbatskaya streets, and second: that during the reign of Grand Duke John III, Novgorod residents of the Plotnitskiy end, or settlement, were settled here. The last name is more reliable, as it is confirmed by some historical data. The church is located on the Arbat.
John the Baptist in Staraya Konyushennaya ... Near the Arbat, in Starokonyushenny lane, named after the Konyushennaya watch settlement located here. The church was originally built at the beginning of the 17th century, then in 1653 it was rebuilt and renewed at the beginning of this century. Side-altars: Holy martyrs five-numbered: Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius and Orestes and the Mother of God [icons] "Joy of all who sorrow."
Church. Lost.
Thrones: the Life-Giving Trinity, Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Balykinskaya Icon of the Mother of God
Architectural style: Baroque
Built: Between 1692 and 1700.
Lost: 1930
Architect: 1903: Betelev L.P. (bell tower)
Address: Address: Moscow, st. Arbat,
Coordinates: 55.74825, 37.588099
The church was first mentioned in documents from 1625. It was built by the inhabitants of a small settlement of "sovereign carpenters". Its history is as follows. After the Time of Troubles and the burning, Moscow began to rebuild; the need for carpenters grew - even the new sovereign, the first Romanov, had nowhere to really settle in the Kremlin. An extensive settlement of palace carpenters appeared on the Arbat, and they built the wooden church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, which gradually received the nickname Plotnitskaya (in Plotniki).
In 1670-1677, the church was rebuilt into a stone one-domed church. The stone Nicholas with the main Trinity throne was built in accordance with the letter of Patriarch Joachim and was listed “in the Plotnicheskaya Sloboda”, which testifies to the version of the carpenters who lived here at the peak of the heyday of the Arbat palace settlements. The three-tiered bell tower is dated 1771. Over the years of its existence, thrones, refectories and side-altars have been repeatedly added to the church (the side-altar of Nicholas the Wonderworker was built in 1692, the side-altar of the Balykinskaya Mother of God - in the middle of the 19th century). In the 18th century, the estate of the boyar Vasily Ivanovich Streshnev (1707-1782), a statesman, chamberlain, senator, one of the relatives of Evdokia Streshneva, the second wife of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, was located near the Church of St. Nicholas in Plotniki; immediately after the wedding, the seedy family of the Streshnevs became popular. See the photograph of the Church of St. Nicholas in Plotniki from 1882.
This temple remembered little A.S. Pushkin. At the beginning of 1807, the family of the future poet lived in Krivoarbatsky lane, in the parish of the church of St. Nicholas in Plotniki, and little Pushkin was his parishioner, which remained in the records of confession books.
Among the parishioners of Nikola in Plotniki was the family of the Slavophil philosopher A.S. Khomyakov (1804-1860), although Father Pavel Benevolensky from the Church of St.Nicholas the Yavlenniy (near Serebryany Lane), which stood nearby, on the other side of the Arbat, remained the confessor of A.S. Khomyakov. where the Khomyakovs previously lived at 23 Arbat; nevertheless, the rest of his family, when changing their address, preferred to walk closer to Nikola in Plotniki, and even made friends with her priest: upon learning that the priest's wife was sick with consumption, the Khomyakovs presented her with a well-fed cow so that she would always have fresh milk. In the same church, the Khomyakovs' son, Nikolai, was baptized, whose godfather was Gogol.
During the revolution, the rector of the Church of St. Nicholas in Plotniki was Archpriest Vladimir Vorobyov, the grandfather of the modern priest Vladimir Vorobyov, the current rector of the St. Tikhon Theological Institute. He was soon arrested. While he was under arrest, hieromonk Varlaam served in the Nikolsko-Plotnikov Church (in 1937 he was shot at the Butovo training ground; canonized, Comm. 20 February). However, in March 1925, Vladimir Vorobyov was released from prison. Since 1927, MN Nesterov lived near Nikola in Plotniki, who became his parishioner; the artist presented the Crucifixion of his work to the temple. For some time the well-known mechanic N.N.Bukhgolts was a parishioner and even the altarpiece of the church. In 1929 the church was closed, and in 1932 it was demolished. Archpriest Vladimir Vorobyov died in 1940 in prison.
A residential building was erected on the site of the temple in 1935.
Nicholas, the saint, the church in Plotniki (destroyed).
In Plotnikov Lane, named after the palace settlement of carpenters located here, on the corner with Arbat Street there was the parish church of St. Nicholas. Along it, the lane was called Nikolsky until 1922. There is another lane nearby - Krivoarbatsky, which runs from the Arbat and changes its direction steeply, almost 90 degrees. Previously, it was called simply Krivoy, and Krivonikolsky, also after the Church of Nicholas in Plotniki, which was not far away.
Buildings in the Arbat area have been formed since ancient times. In the 16th century, the courtyards located here were taken by Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible to the oprichnina, and, perhaps, the location of some state settlements here belongs to this time. In the area of \u200b\u200bmodern Bolshoy Afanasyevsky lane there is a settlement of icon painters, at Sivtsev Vrazhka there is a palace tsaritsina settlement, on the southern side of the Arbat, in the area of \u200b\u200bKrivoarbatsky lane there is a settlement of state carpenters. Moscow historian M.I. Aleksandrovich put forward another explanation for the appearance on the Arbat of a settlement of carpenters. According to his searches, the carpenters' settlement was created by Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, who, restoring Moscow after the Time of Troubles, gathered carpenters from different places and settled them in the Arbat area. The wooden church built by them has been known since 1625. It burned many times, and later it was replaced by a stone one, built in two steps. The antimension was given to the throne of St. Nicholas on May 6, 1692 (the refectory belongs to the same time). On May 3, 1700, an antimension was issued to the main church of the Holy Trinity. The refectory in 1692 was dismantled in 1852. In 1852-1856. At the expense of Anna Aleksandrovna Nebolsina, a new refectory was erected with the side-chapels of St. Nicholas and the Balykinskaya Icon of the Mother of God - an image donated by Varvara Semyonovna Zhdanova and located in the church since 1823.The original bell tower was replaced with a new three-tiered one in 1853. The church was renovated in 1897.
The main volume of the temple was distinguished by external clarity and relative simplicity. The smooth surface of the wall contrasted with the complex cornice, which was distinguished by its great plasticity of forms. The corners were processed with columns in the shape of the so-called "pipe". The large windows had luxurious "Moscow style" trims. The intricately profiled and unfastened gables of the platbands with their upper part, the baluster, cut into the cornice and interrupt the rhythmic running of its drawing. The pediments rested on thin columns with melons. The cornice consisted of three "ribbons" of different patterns: the bottom row was a deep curb, the middle row was a kind of pentagonal niches with concave upper sides, in the center of each such niche there was a protruding rectangular stone; the third "tape" of the cornice is a multi-step horizontal rod with a complex profile. The cornice covered the entire temple along the perimeter, as if hanging over the plane of the wall. The two-tiered octahedral drum carried a small graceful bulbous head.
A tall four-sided three-tiered classic bell tower was the vertical dominant of this small ensemble. The ringing tiers had semicircular spans, each tier was separated from the other by a loose cornice, the extensions of which corresponded to the semi-columns framing the corners. The lower tier had paired half-columns of the Tuscan order, the middle one - Ionic, the third upper tier had one half-column of the Corinthian order on each side. Thus, the lower and middle tiers had four semi-columns at each corner, which visually enhanced the power of the abutments. As the tiers increase, the corners become lighter and the spans widen. The bell tower has acquired transparency, lightness and harmony. On each side of the lower tier there were small pediments, below them - "triglyph-metope" friezes. Each pair of semi-columns was located on a common wide pedestal, divided horizontally into two parts - a wider lower one and a narrower upper one. The pedestal continued the wall and had a stem under the half-columns. On the wide part of the pedestal, between the middle and upper tiers, rectangular panels were located under each Corinthian semi-column. Also, each pair of half-columns corresponded to the opening of the entablature and cornice. The bell tower had an elongated closed dome, which, probably after the renovation in 1897, acquired a more sloping shape. On it was a narrow drum, which carried an elegant onion dome with a cross. A clear and balanced vertical and horizontal division of all parts of the bell tower created a clear, calm architectural image.
In the refectory, just as in the main church, they tried to match the smooth surface of the wall and the whimsical curvilinear and plastic solution of details: platbands, cornices. Large windows had platbands of complex curvilinear outlines, with rivets, resting on thin columns. The cornice no longer has such a variety of shapes; it was a clearly profiled horizontal rod, also covering the entire building along the perimeter. The corners of the refectory are shaped like pilasters without capitals. In general, all forms of the refectory were more dry. At the end of the 19th century, both the refectory and the main temple were covered with four slopes. It is known that this church is depicted in a painting by V.D. Polenov "Moscow courtyard" in the background.
The temple was destroyed in 1932. In its place in 1935 it was built by the architect L.M. Polyakov, a six-storey residential building (Arbat, house number 43), which in Soviet times housed the "Diet" store, and now - the "Mu-Mu" cafe. A monument to B.Sh. Okudzhava (2001).
Mikhail Vostryshev. Orthodox Moscow. All temples and chapels.
