Asking the question: “What is the abbreviation?”, You should pay attention to the interpretations given in the dictionaries. The term is literally understood as an abbreviation, but in writing it occupies a certain place, namely, it is the formation of a single inseparable lexical construction from capital letters or the first syllables of a group of words. As a rule, this applies to the names of organizations, normative designations of documentation (including legal ones), but there are also abbreviations of colloquial expressions. The latter are often slang expressions or professionalisms that are typical for a small environment, and therefore are not used officially.

Origins of the term

The word "abbreviation" is (which refers to morphology) "abbreviation". The term originates in Latin (brevis - briefly), but it acquired its familiar sound in Italian. In modern literature, this concept includes all abbreviated words, however, traditionally, only complex abbreviated groups of words should be considered. Thus, an abbreviation is something public and widely applicable. Particular cases of the formation of a morphological structure, adopted in individual publications or articles, are necessarily explained in the text to avoid distortion of meaning and confusion.

Application history

Abbreviations are found even in the most ancient written sources. A striking example is the abbreviations found in the documents of the ancient Romans and Greeks. It is known that they were one of the first elements used in cursive writing techniques. Another example of the use of the abbreviation was the inscriptions on the coins.

After the widespread use of uppercase Latin and Greek letters in the Middle Ages, the first abbreviated expressions appeared that were used in everyday life. The contracture method, in other words, the reduction of individual words with the help of initial letters and endings, was used in Greece to write sacred names. This system was subsequently borrowed by the Romans to denote various concepts. To understand, it is necessary to define the context of its application.

Scope of use

Commonly used simple abbreviations are usually used in everyday situations. They are formed from short phrases or abbreviated words. The essence of the first is to skip non-essential members of speech, which are easily reproduced based on the context and connection with auxiliary verbs, parts of speech, etc.

In writing, they are used only when necessary, because in specific papers that are intended for use by third parties, especially when it comes to printed publications, readers may not know what the abbreviation means. Individual cases may act as exceptions. Scientific works, as well as citations, technical documentation, bibliographic indications, etc. should contain a minimum of abbreviations. Individual cases of application in the sciences are an urgent need.

Abbreviation decoding

In fact, the same set of letters can mean completely different phrases. For example, how to decipher the abbreviation ASK? First, it can be an abbreviation of one word. In particular, the scientific term for the fungus sporulation bag is suitable. In this case, the full version is the Greek word askos, which literally translates as "bag".

Secondly, the word may be an abbreviation applicable in a particular environment as a slang expression. "Ascorutin" and ascetic can also be referred to as a medication and a hermit in a wide range, however, groups of people who are faced with the need to use these words quite often can deliberately abbreviate them to speed up communicative interaction during oral communication or for quick writing when it comes to private notes .

Thirdly, ASC can be deciphered as:

• architecture and construction college;
• agricultural horticultural cooperative;
• withdrawal syndrome in a smoker.

As you can see, in the latter case, "y" is omitted when composing the abbreviation. Thus, an abbreviation of the same form is responsible for different concepts. This applies to the most common cases, but in private cases, the abbreviation may contain compound words and highly specialized terms.

Sedugina Svetlana

class 5 "A", MBOU secondary school No. 124, Samara

Gorbunova Galina Timofeevna

scientific director,teacher of the highest category, teacher of Russian language and literature, MBOU secondary school No. 124, Samara

Introduction

In order to save communication or writing time, we use well-known abbreviations for phrases or words.

Phrase abbreviations are the omission of non-essential members of speech without losing the main meaning of the phrase (auxiliary verbs, individual particles of speech, etc.). Word abbreviations are the omission of individual letters and syllables in a word, and sometimes the removal of a significant part of the word except for individual letters.

In the Russian language every year more and more new compound words, abbreviations and other types of abbreviations appear, the need for their correct understanding and use is growing. This determines the choice and relevance of the presented topic of work and the subject of research.

The purpose of the work: to study the patterns and features of the formation of words that appear as a result of abbreviations.

Tasks:

study the history of the appearance and wide distribution of abbreviations;

determine the main sources of abbreviations, to study the various types and methods of abbreviations, their classification;

Determine the level of understanding of the topic among students.

Applied research methods:

study and processing of reference and scientific literature, Internet sources;

Questioning and analysis of its results.

The history of the appearance and wide distribution of abbreviations

With the advent of writing in the languages ​​of different peoples, abbreviations began to be used. Even before the advent of paper, this helped to save space on stone slabs, clay and wax tablets, birch bark and other materials when writing texts. Researchers and scientists have noted abbreviations in the inscriptions on ancient coins, in ancient manuscripts and letters, and even lists of frequently used abbreviations have been found in ancient Greek grammars. Probably, these were the first reference books in the history of linguistics.

Abbreviations as a way of word formation and especially complex abbreviations and abbreviations became widespread after the Great October Socialist Revolution and significantly enriched the vocabulary of the modern Russian language. Words new for their time appeared: plenipotentiary, forestry, Ministry of Health, bakery, armored car, and many others. As rightly noted by S.I. Ozhegov: “Contemporaries already in the first years of the revolution were amazed by the rapid growth of the language, the vocabulary was replenished irresistibly. A whole series of new words arose, formed according to the norms of Russian word formation: a new grammatical class of words appeared - compound words.

As noted in the works of many linguists, one of the most important reasons for the wide spread of this type of words was the October Revolution itself, which gave the Russian language great vigor, sharpness, aspiration and brevity. In the first post-revolutionary years, a huge mass of people began to participate in the construction of the new state. Completely new institutions, institutions, societies, enterprises were created, and each of them had to be given a name that accurately described its purpose. Compound names arose, many of which later began to take on a more convenient form, turning into complex abbreviated syllabic words and various abbreviations.

The story of one abbreviation that has changed 13 times in 78 years.

In 1917, the Cheka (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission) appeared. Then its name changed many times and new abbreviations appeared: GPU, OGPU, NKVD, NKGB, KGB USSR, MSB, KGB RSFSR, AFB, MBVD RSFSR, MB RF, FSK. Since April 1995 - FSB (Federal Security Service).

The main sources of abbreviations

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the rapid development of science and technology has led to the emergence of an increasing number of discoveries - new materials, technologies and products. Constantly there are such terms that should indicate the distinctive features of the innovation created and give its precise definition. It has become impossible to designate new concepts with one word from the existing dictionary; complex phrases in the form of compound names are increasingly being used. It is interesting that each individual word in such names is known for a long time, but in the phrase together they describe a new concept.

Of course, over time, such phrases become more and more voluminous, they are difficult to use both in writing and in oral communication, especially in cases where frequent repetition is required. It is in such cases that abbreviations become useful - such convenient abbreviations as, for example, RNA (ribonucleic acid) and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) quickly took root in practice.

“Language is by nature economical in means,” emphasized the famous Russian linguist A.M. Peshkovsky, and over the past century this desire to save linguistic resources has been noticeably and diversely manifested in word formation based on compound names.

Consider three examples of compound names: medical worker, real estate, teacher's room. Over time, they were transformed into new words: health worker, real estate, teacher's. What is common here is that, as a result of reduction, the meaning of the original phrase is preserved, and the difference is in the ways of reduction:

· in the first example, the word "medical", shortened to the root "honey", joined the word "worker";

· in the second example, the word "immovable" from an adjective turned into a noun "real estate", and the word "property" is completely excluded, although its meaning is preserved in the new concept;

· in the third example, the word "room" is removed, and the word "teacher's room", which was an adjective, became a noun.

For compound names containing adjectives, the abbreviation method characteristic of the Russian language is often used using the suffixes k-, -lk-, -ovk-, -ik-, -ovik-, -evik-, its- and others (quilted jacket - wadded jacket, leader - advanced worker, blotter - blotting paper, graph paper - paper with cells measuring 1 millimeter). This applies to phrases that contain adjectives.

Another source of abbreviations is foreign languages, and the way is borrowing from these languages. To understand the etymology of such new word formations, it is necessary to analyze them in the original language. Here is an example of some terms that came from the English language:

Motel: motel = motor + hotel,

E-mail (electronic mail): e-mail = electronic + mail,

Laser: laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)

Classification and various ways of forming abbreviations

Frequently used compound names and foreign borrowings served as a source for the creation of new words of various types: compound words, abbreviations, abbreviations using suffixes, abbreviations obtained by removing redundant words from a compound name or term, etc.

In the reference and scientific literature on linguistics, various classifications of abbreviations are given according to the method of their formation, and experts on this issue do not have a unanimous opinion.

1. Graphic abbreviations - in them, omitted letters or syllables are indicated graphically (dot, hyphen, dash, or slash).

2. Initial abbreviations (alphabetic and sound) - abbreviations that are formed from the names of the first letters and (or) sounds of words included in the original phrase, and which are pronounced when reading in an abbreviated, not full form (unlike single-letter graphic abbreviations, spoken when reading expanded): CIS (es-en-ge) - Union of Independent States, CSKA (tse-es-ka) - Central Sports Club of the Army, ITAR - Information Telegraph Agency of Russia.

3. Compound abbreviated words - abbreviated words formed from the words of the original phrase, all or part of which are truncated (collective farm - collective farm; aircraft factory - aircraft factory).

4. Carved words - words in which letters and (or) syllables are carved, except for initial and final letters, and the remaining ones are pulled together into an abbreviated word (billion - m[il]l[ia]rd; million - m[il]l[ and he).

5. Mixed abbreviations - abbreviations that combine several ways of forming an abbreviation: initial abbreviation - with a compound abbreviated word (NIIpoligrafmash); initial abbreviation - with graphic abbreviation (cf. - movie); carved word - with a graphic abbreviation (stb. - column), etc. .

That is, in this guide, abbreviations and compound words are shown as different types of abbreviations. And in the publication “The Course of the Russian Language”, with reference to various manuals, it is noted that “complex abbreviated words and abbreviations are considered as a single concept, and not as word formations obtained by various methods of abbreviations.”

The term "abbreviation" is also defined differently.

The Electronic Encyclopedic Dictionary gives the following definition:

Abbreviation (Italian abbreviatura from Latin Brevis - short) - 1) a word formed by abbreviation of a phrase and read by the alphabetic name of the initial letters (Air Force) or by the initial sounds (UN, university) of the words included in it. 2) See compound words.

And the "Dictionary of Business Terms" defines it as follows: An abbreviation is a name or designation consisting of initial letters or numbers of a phrase used to reduce space and speed up the transfer of information.

In the approximate classification I compiled, no big differences are made between compound words and abbreviations, and this seemed convenient when doing the work (Figure 1):

Figure 1. Classification of abbreviations in Russian

Compound words (abbreviations) can contain several components, each of which in the original phrase was either a noun or an adjective:

two components - salary (salary), philological faculty (philosophical faculty), plenipotentiary (plenipotentiary representative), physical education teacher (physical education leader), forestry (forestry), educational program (elimination of illiteracy), living space (living space), housekeeper (domestic worker ), dry cleaning (dry cleaning), plumbing (sanitary equipment), etc.;

three components - the Ministry of Industry and Trade (Ministry of Industry and Trade), the Moscow City Duma (Moscow City Duma), the State Traffic Inspectorate (State Automobile Inspectorate).

Most often in Russian there are complex abbreviated words, consisting of two truncated stems. Abbreviations formed from three or four components are often replaced by letter abbreviations: People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs - People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs - NKVD, etc.

There are the following types of abbreviations (abbreviations):

alphabetical - adding the names of initial letters in abbreviated phrases - NSTU (attention (!), There may be confusion: Novosibirsk State Technical University or Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after E.R. Alekseev);

sound - the addition of the initial sounds of abbreviated phrases - RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences);

· alpha-sound, for example, in the abbreviation CSKA - the Central Sports Club of the Army;

syllabic - the result of combining the initial parts of the composite names - comesk (squadron commander);

sound and syllabic - IMLI (Institute of World Literature);

· syllabic-word - the combination of the initial element of one word with another word, presented in full - the State Duma (State Duma), warehouse manager (warehouse manager);

Syllabic initial-final - moped (motorcycle + bicycle).

Note that new two-letter abbreviations now appear less and less often, because the supply of two-letter combinations has already been exhausted, almost each of them has a term assigned to it. With the same spelling of abbreviations that have different meanings of the original phrases, there are problems with their decoding and you have to take into account the context of the material being read: JV - “joint venture” and “North Pole”, state of emergency - “emergency” and “private enterprise”.

At the end of the section, I will give an example that combines the concepts of "abbreviation" and "abbreviated word": the name of the glorious ObGES microdistrict in Novosibirsk. There are two components here, one of which appeared from the name of the hydroelectric power station (Obskaya), the other - the abbreviation "HPP".

Separately, it should be said about the graphic abbreviation of words. Such abbreviations are used only in writing and do not apply to abbreviations. They differ in that the removed part of the word is indicated graphically:

1. dot - when cutting off the final part of the word (Russian - Russian);

2. hyphen, - when cutting out the middle part of the word (number - quantity);

3. dash - when cutting off the initial part of the reduced word (Vladimir - ovsky - V. Dubrovsky);

4. slash - when cutting off the final part of the words of the phrase (Rostov n / D - Rostov-on-Don, p / p - in order).

Internet influence.

The Internet today is a whole world with which you can exchange information with all the inhabitants of our planet, and new ways of exchanging information are constantly appearing in it.

In 1979, a member of one of the earliest newsgroups on the Internet (MsgGroup) once lamented that in such an exclusively "written" communication environment, the possibilities for expressing one's emotions were very limited. And he suggested using visual icons made up of punctuation marks - colons, hyphens and brackets - to convey emotions in written speech. This is how the first emoticons appeared.

There are many established abbreviations of formulaic English phrases on the Internet, since the Internet began in America, and English remains the predominant language of the Web to this day. The main reason for the appearance of abbreviations here is understandable - the need to save one's own and other people's time wherever possible. The time spent on-line was once quite expensive.

There is another reason. In the chat, you can safely write “opinion”, just no one will pay attention to it. But the use of IMHO (imho - in my humble opinion) is a sign that a person is not the first day on the Internet, which means that there is something to talk about with him.

In the ICQ space, sometimes you need to make a favorable impression on new communication partners. The role of attractive "signals" on the Internet is played by emotionally colored icons and specific abbreviations. And if the interlocutor in his “speech” has never used a single “signal” to decorate his written work, then the impression of his “speech” is significantly reduced and experienced Internet users are not interested in communicating with him.

Abbreviations and abbreviations - are they useful?

We encounter new abbreviations on a daily basis. One of the reasons for the use of such words is the desire for unusualness, verbal innovations. Among young people, they arise in everyday speech, most often as a conscious violation of the norm, a protest against it, when a well-known and frequently used word acquires a new expressiveness. A certain freedom in creating new words is also attractive, hence their proximity to jargons and vernacular.

The increase in the number of such abbreviations in recent years suggests that, unfortunately, the primitive language is becoming a style of communication. This is helped by the desire of many media outlets for wide popularity in any way, and the low level of taste, style and sense of proportion among some people involved in the creation of official documents.

A masterpiece of administrative absurdity is widely known - the longest abbreviation in Russian (?) Language: NIIOMTPLABOPARMBETZHELBETRABSBORMONIMONKONOTDTEHSTROMONT (55 letters). It stands for something like this: “Research laboratory for concrete reinforcement and reinforced concrete operations for the construction of precast-monolithic and monolithic structures of the technology department of the construction and installation department of the Academy of Construction and Architecture of the USSR.

It was long enough. How about now?

The previously familiar name of my educational institution - secondary school No. 124 - after some complications is now referred to as: MBOU SOSH (municipal budgetary educational institution secondary general education school) with in-depth study of individual subjects. Maybe soon we will reach MBOU SOSH SUIOP? Well, go on.

Abbreviations are often criticized. Some consider them insufficiently normative, inferior words. However, it must be borne in mind that the Russian language has adopted some of these words, they are necessary for it, without them it is sometimes impossible to communicate. One of the main reasons for their development is that these abbreviations are an effective means of saving speech resources. Up to some limits, of course.

Knowledge of abbreviations by schoolchildren

To study the amount of knowledge of abbreviations and abbreviations among students of 4 "A", 7 "D", 8 "B", 8 "D", 8 "D" grades of secondary school No. 124, a survey was conducted. A total of 106 questionnaires were filled out, the results of their processing are shown in Table 1 and Figure 2:

Table 1.

Some questions during the survey and the results of processing student questionnaires

Figure 2. The use of abbreviations by students of MBOU secondary school No. 124, Samara

The most "unexpected" was that none of the fourth-graders could correctly and completely decipher the abbreviation "MBOU SOSH", which we wrote on the front side of each student's notebook. In general, we can say that so far primary school students use abbreviations and abbreviations, but not often, and not always with a full understanding of the meaning and exact knowledge of the original phrase.

Conclusion

Abbreviations and abbreviations have long been used in the Russian language and their list continues to grow.

Today, there is no consensus among specialists - philologists on how complex abbreviated words and abbreviations should be considered: as a single concept, or as word formations obtained by various abbreviations. Therefore, it is not so easy to answer the question: in what way the phrase "collective farm", for example, was reduced to the word "collective farm".

Knowledge of the etymology of abbreviations and abbreviations, the rules for their formation and spelling not only expands literacy and a sense of proportion in the Russian language, but also helps in the study of foreign languages ​​and other school subjects, expands the general outlook of every inquisitive person and helps him form his own style of communication.

Bibliography:

1.Andronova A.V. Controversial issues of the typology of compound words. Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod State University (Philology series), 2003, p. 117. - [Electronic resource] - Access mode - URL: http:// www. unn. en/ pages/ issues/ vestnik/ 99990196_ West_ filol_ 2003_1(3)/ B_3-4. pdf.

2.Balashova L.V., Dementiev V.V. Russian language course. - Saratov: Lyceum, 2005, p. 111.

3.Internet resource: - [Electronic resource] - Access mode - URL: http:// en. wikipedia. org .

4. Milchin A.E., Cheltsova L.K. Publisher's and Author's Handbook. 2nd ed., - M.: OLMA-Press, 2003.

5. Ozhegov S.I. Lexicology. Lexicography. A culture of speech. - M., 1974. - p. 20-36.

6. Peshkovsky A.M. Digest of articles. Methodology of the native language. Linguistics. Stylist. Poetics. L. - M., 1925. - [Electronic resource] - Access mode - URL: http philosophy. by/ uploads/ logo/ ref/ peshkovsky. pdf.

7. Dictionary of business terms. Internet - resource "Akademik.ru", 2001

8.Electronic encyclopedic dictionary. - [Electronic resource] - Access mode - URL:

Foreign brands fill the media space, so each of us at least once came across such a value as Ltd. In this article, we will learn what the decryption of Ltd, the abbreviation LLC, means, and also find out where these abbreviations are used.

How stands for

There are three identical concepts: LLC, Ltd and LLC. The decoding of each value denotes a limited liability company, however, these symbols have differences. First, LLC (from the abbreviated Limited Liability Company / Limited Liability Company) is used in the United States. Second, Ltd (short for limited) is used in the UK. Thirdly, LLC is an abbreviation used in the CIS countries (Russia, Kazakhstan). Do not confuse these three designations, because in Russia it is forbidden to indicate Ltd or LLC instead of the usual LLC.

A little about the meaning

The Ltd decoding is actively used in all English-speaking countries, which include many European countries, the USA, and Australia. The abbreviated value can also be seen on the documents of international companies. Most often it is used in Ireland, Portugal, the Czech Republic and England, especially along with the widely used abbreviation PLC. Often other values ​​are put on documents, such as Inc., Corp., LDC, iBC, & Co, SA, LP and other abbreviations. The decoding Ltd in English accurately indicates the traditional type of entrepreneurship. In the United States of America, the abbreviation is used as part of the company name, which may not be crossed out or left out. Just like in Russia, every registered entrepreneur is required to indicate abbreviations and meanings, such as LLC, LLP or IP.

What does

Decoding Ltd in Russian: limited (from the word Limited). In everyday life, the phrase Limited Company is used, which is a company with limited rights. It is an important definition of the legal and organizational form. Each country has a set of rules and regulations that are spelled out in the charter or in the legislation.

An LLC, or Ltd, is a company that is divided into several shares. As a rule, all capital is distributed among the legal owners of the firm. At the same time, all LLC participants have limited liability, but are representatives of a legal entity based on the state organizational and legal form.

Detailed description

First, a limited liability company in its structure resembles a joint-stock company. Secondly, any person who is both an individual and a legal entity can join an Ltd.

Transcript Ltd - created by several contributors. They are not responsible for the founders themselves, and vice versa. LLC - an organization in which there may be several founders, but the number of participants should not exceed 50 people. For example, an IP - an individual enterprise - is opened only for one owner - the founder, and if the number of participants exceeds the norm, then under the law this type of legal activity is considered a joint-stock company.

Since several persons can participate in a limited liability company, the main documents are the charter and the contract. As a rule, the conditions of the latter may vary depending on the wishes of the founders. The law does not prohibit anyone who wants to change the status of their activities. So, any individual entrepreneur can invite several participants and be renamed Ltd.

Where is used

Like LLC Ltd (the value is indicated above), it must be used on all documents of the organization without fail. This is because this value is a sign of both organizational unity and property isolation. A three-letter document allows members to use their organization to reach out to other societies and organizations.

Where the symbol is used without decoding Ltd:

• When contacting an organization or vice versa, if the founders compose a letter. Then it is used which fits together with a bunch of Ltd (LLC).
• When specifying the address and other contact details. As a rule, the legal address at which the organization is registered with the specified value is used, or the current address where the company is located.
• Ltd fits into the authorized capital, and when indicating the activities of the company.
• When specifying the founders and representatives. For example, if you need to enter the details of the general director, then the designation is also indicated.

Features and nuances

• A limited liability company must be registered by the tax authority of a locality or region.
• According to the law of any country where there is the concept of LLC or Ltd, the company must have its own authorized capital. For example, the minimum amount of such capital should not be less than 100 minimum wages or MCI.
• If the laws are violated, the company can be liquidated. This happens for several reasons. The most common problem of an LLC is ignoring the contribution of the rest of the authorized capital.
• There are certain risks for members of the company. For example, in the event of liquidation of an enterprise, participants may lose their contributions. They are notified about this when signing the memorandum of association.
• Each participant has the right to dispose of his share at his own discretion. He can sell it or transfer it to a third party.

The main feature of Ltd is that each participant can leave the company at any time, while the organization will be obliged to pay each person who leaves his earned share.

In Russian legislation, it is customary to distribute land plots by category. Each category provides for its own procedure for using the site, especially when it comes to building up the territory. There are areas that, by law, cannot be built up or used in a certain way.

Today we will present in the article a decoding of the abbreviation and concept of SNT, and also tell you what rules for using SNT lands are provided for by the current legislation.

The Land Code states that SNT is an abbreviation that hides such a term as a garden non-profit partnership. In other words, this is a community that is formed by citizens joining it on a voluntary basis. The main purpose of the partnership is the distribution of land allotments and the solution of all incidentally arising economic and social problems.

The horticultural union is a legal entity officially registered with the tax office, however, the activities of the partnership apply only to a specific land area. Each plot transferred for use to citizens can only be located on the territory of the partnership, and the array itself must have an agricultural purpose.

What areas can be part of a partnership?

A few words should be said about what an SNT site is and what associations it can be included in. The fact is that all partnerships can be divided into several groups, taking into account what property is in their ownership. Here we are talking about allotments that can be used by citizens who have joined the community.

Based on this parameter, horticultural unions differ:

1. Legal entities that dispose of all property, including land plots, and transfer them to citizens for temporary use.
2. Communities in which a separate infrastructure has been created, and the plots are simply assigned to citizens as private property. The basis for this is the official regulations of the administration. All lands must have official registration.

Since the garden partnership is a legal entity, it must have all the necessary statutory documents. In particular, we are talking about the charter of SNT and tax certificates. The charter prescribes the procedure for transferring land plots to citizens and the conditions for their use.

What is the difference between SNT and DNP?

It is important to understand the difference between lands of different categories. Especially many questions arise among the population in relation to such groups of land plots as SNT and DNP. The abbreviation DNP stands for dacha non-profit partnership.

In fact, the community also acts as a legal entity, and the main purpose of its use is the formation of a dacha settlement and timely service to citizens. Such organizations are empowered to resolve issues related to the construction of various structures and the further operation of the sites. For example, the leadership of the community assumes obligations to remove garbage, organize the protection of the village and ensure the operation of important communications.

The differences between SNT and DNP are minor, but they exist. For example, in a partnership, land is provided exclusively for planting a vegetable garden or gardening.

In a dacha partnership, in addition to conducting agricultural activities, a citizen has the right to build a dacha and in the future transfer this building to private ownership. In other words, buildings can only be erected in a summer cottage, but gardening is allowed to be used exclusively for agricultural activities.

Who can become a member of the SNT?

Any citizen who has reached the age of majority can apply to join the SNT. In addition to age, the main condition for entry is the availability of a land plot located within the partnership and suitable for agriculture. Relatives or heirs of a citizen who acts as the owner of the land also have the right to membership in the SNT. Members of the union may be persons who do not have citizenship of the Russian Federation.

The founders of the union are considered officially accepted immediately after the SNT has been established and officially registered. The procedure for the entry of citizens into the community provides for the organization of a general meeting of members of the union. After joining, a new member of the partnership receives a membership book and subsequently makes social contributions in the prescribed manner.

To leave the union, it is necessary to draw up a corresponding application in two copies and transfer it to an authorized person. The procedure provides for withdrawal solely on a voluntary basis, in which case there is no provision for holding a general meeting.

Conclusion

A horticultural partnership is an association that a citizen who owns a plot in the area suitable for agriculture can join.

The community has the status of an official legal entity and is created to ensure order and proper maintenance of the common area. All the rules for accepting and withdrawing from the partnership are spelled out in the charter of the organization, and are also regulated by the Land Code of the Russian Federation and separate legislative acts.