The rating is drawn up by analyzing and comparing open information about the fleets of leading powers. The main criterion is the number of combat ships of the basic classes, taking into account their characteristics and the unique capabilities they provide to their fleets.

In the preparation of the rating, heterogeneous fleet forces were taken into account (for example, sea aviation), as well as such difficult ideas as combat experience and quality of personnel preparation. At the same time, the calculations intentionally absent small ships (boats, corvetics) and outdated combat units of the construction of the 60-70s. It was worth only to familiarize themselves with their characteristics to understand: they do not mean anything against the background of modern ships.

6th place - Navy Fleet of the Russian Federation

The Great Past and the Unclear Future. Instead of marine aviation complexes (MAC), we have other poppy (small artillery ships). How much is the faithful decision was the hope for the supply of power plants from Ukraine? Like the purchase of "Mistrals" at NATO. As a result of the promised fifty ships within the prescribed period (2020), there are no pairs of dozens. Of these, one ship of the first rank (cruiser, destroyer or aircraft carrier). Frigate bring to mind the tenth year. How was it possible with such a thorough attention of society to the issues of re-equipment of the army and fleet?

Frigate Ave. 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov", for the aggregate characteristics not inferior to many foreign destroyers

But this is our pride. The once the strongest fleet of the world, who fully divided the first place with the US Navy. Own original finds and approaches to conducting hostilities. The best school in the world for the creation of anti-restaurant missiles. Unique titanium submarines. Space intelligence. System of basic places around the world.

Shooting PKR "Onyx" with submarine "Severodvinsk"

Rocket underwater cruiser of strategic destination Ave. 955 "Borey"

What was done in recent years? Not so little. We were adopted by one multipurpose and three strategic atomic submarines. Three and a half of the frigate were constructed and a certain number of auxiliary fleet units. Sea aircraft (Multipurpose SU-30MK multipurpose fighters, modernized IL-38N NOVEL). Adopted by the Winged Rockets "Calibr". Let's go into a small series of updated boats "Warsawyanki". Plus the remaining reserve from the already non-existent quarter of the century of the USSR state.

As a result, all the efforts made enough to get out of the sixth line among the strongest fleets of the world.

5th place - India Naval Forces

Hindu enough for one decade to turn his rusty bark bark into one of the most powerful and modern fleets of the world. Avianeishing ships, supersonic anti-relocated rockets and atomic submarines. Now they have everything.

Rocket destroyer "Kolkata"

During the specified period of time, only from Russia received: a modern 300-meter aircraft carrier, six rocket frigates and a multi-purpose atomic submarine "Chakra" (former. K-152 "Nerpe"). Based on our "Onyx", the three-hungry PCP "Bramos" was developed and adopted. The modernization of all "diesels" of the Soviet buildings with the installation of the Club-S missile complex (export version of the "caliber") was carried out.

MiG-29KUB on the deck of the aircraft carrier "Vikramamiya" (formerly "Admiral Gorshkov")

After receiving everything that can be from cooperation with Russia, the Indians appealed for help to the United States. And the help did not make it wait: the helicopters "Sikorsky", a landing ship and a squadron of anti-submarine "Poseidonov" to replace the Soviet Tu-142.

Meanwhile, the Hindus ordered Israeli radars and maritime SIRs, Japanese flying boats and ensured the launch of a military communication satellite with the support of the European Space Agency. At the same time, they do not forget about their own opportunities, having time to build an atomic submarine ("Arichant") on their own forces, five modern destroyers and pull their third aircraft carrier into the water.

"Vicark" under construction

India's Navy capabilities are not limited to Eastern cunning and cunning. As practice shows, skillful and brave sailors are born from the Kestriysian caste. What is worth one enchanting raid on Karachi (1971).

India's Navy deservedly occupy their place among the best fleets of the world.

4th place - Navy of the People's Liberation Army of China

The World Factory does not forget about his needs. Since the beginning of the new century, NAM NAK was replenished with a heavy aircraft carrier "Liaoning" (Former. "Varyag"), four UDC, twenty modern destroyers and the same number of rocket frigates!

Chinese frigates visiting Malta

Why, with such an impressive rate of increasing its Navy, was not at all honorable fourth place? With all due respect to our Eastern neighbors, they could not offer any original idea. All Chinese marine arms samples are copies from Russian and Western samples, as a rule, inferior in characteristics by their originals. Even the "fantastic" maneuvering warheads of anti-religious BR is just a compilation of ideas of the Soviet R-27K and American "Persing-2".

Anti-Developed Ballistic Rocket Tests

Frankly little attention is paid to the development of the underwater component. With such capabilities - only 6 multipurpose atomic submarines and 5 strategic underwater rocket mines.

Finally, the complete absence of combat experience. Fourth place.

3rd place - Self-defense forces of Japan

Despite a number of hard restrictions (for example, a ban on the winged rockets of a large range and the construction of atomic submarines), the Japanese fleet is highlighted in qualitatively against the background of other fleets. Thoughtful to small things, a balanced combat system for effective action in coastal waters and in the open ocean.

Start of space interceptor SM-3 with the destroyer "Congo"

Japan is the third country in the world, except the United States and China, which can massively build the destroyers: exclusively expensive and complex ships of the ocean zone with developed air defense systems.

For 2015, the Japanese fleet has three aircraft ships and 24 modern rocket destroyers. To support the ships equipped with the "IJIS" system, four "bodyguards" were built, leveling the main lack of "IJIS". Esming of missile defense with special radars, "sharpened" under the interception of low-fat goals. This is not even among the USA!

The cunning Japanese remains a lot of secrets. The underwater fleet of 17 diesel-electrical submarines, many of which (for example, "sighing" with anaerobic EU) for the aggregate of their characteristics exceed atoms. The most powerful marine aviation from 100 patrol and anti-submarine aircraft. The Japanese abandoned the purchases of American "Poseidonov", independently developing the new generation anti-submarine aircraft - "Cavasaki P-1".

Finally, his wonderful ideas about the debt, honor and patriotism, forcing me to reckon with this little island country.

2nd place - Her Majesty Fleet

"The fleet is built in 30 years, but it will take 300 to acquire traditions."

The British are the only ones who have experience in conducting a modern marine war on removing 12 thousand km from their native shores. Her Majesty's sailors were the first (and so far the only) who managed to intercept the anti-worker missile in real combat conditions.

Helicopter monitor, 6 air defense destroyers, 10 nuclear submarines, 13 multipurpose missile frigates and 12 auxiliary ships - landing helicopter surgeons-docks, fleet tellers, integrated supply ships. Modern British fleet is small, but deleted.

The British "type 45" has the most optimal design and composition of weapons among all air defense vehicles in the world

In the next 5-10 years, two major aircraft carriers (Queen Elizabeth ", 60 thousand tons) should appear as part of the Royal Fleet, 5 multipurpose atomic submarines of the" Eusti "type and 8 frigates of the size of the Esminets created under the Global Warrant Program .

1st place - US Navy

With the Yankees do not argue much. Americans have more warships of the ocean zone than all countries of the world combined. 10 atomic aircraft carriers and 9 helicopter surgeons, 72 atomic submarines, 85 cruisers and destroyers, over 3,000 units of aviation equipment.

A high-quality gap is even higher, most US Navy ships simply have no analogues in the old world. Giant floating airfields, IJIS system, sea patrol drone, 45-node frigates LCS, submarines carrying 150 winged rockets ...

The main question remains: against whom all this is created in such quantity? On the globe, there is no adequate opponent. Otherwise, the States gathered to fight with Alpha Centaurus.

Epilogue

In the preparation of the rating, marine strategic nuclear powers were deliberately issued for brackets (Mysy). Extremely formidable tool, the likelihood of which does not have a clear answer. Mysyov guarantee the sovereignty of the state, at the same time they do not give anything in the domestic international conflicts leading to conventional.

Strategic underwater rocket mines are in service with six countries of the world. But in reality, only Russia and the United States have full nuclear forces. Only here we and Americans have enough opportunities for applying guaranteed strikes: a flurry from hundreds of warhead, which will not hold any pro. Finally, only in the Russian Federation and the United States has a complete set of Mysy His: own carriers, rockets, warheads and the transmission systems of the "Juduary Day" on the submarines walking under water (low-frequency transmitters "Zeus", "Vileika", "Goliath"). Without the last item, this super builder would not make sense at all.

A detailed story about each of the fleets could take not one book. Nevertheless, the author sincerely hopes that this short material will be able to expand knowledge and increase the interest of the public to this topic.

Navy of Russia (Navy of the Russian Federation ) It is one of the three types of state armed forces.

It is intended for armed protection of the interests of the Russian Federation, conducting hostilities on the marine and ocean theaters of the war. The Navy of Russia is able to inflict nuclear strikes on the ground objects of the enemy, destroy the grouping of his fleet in the sea and at the bases, violate the ocean and sea communications of the enemy and protect their sea transportation, to promote land forces in the disembarkation of marine assaults, to participate in the reflection of the enemy's papers.

Modern Russian Navy He is a successor of the USSR Navy, and the one, in his own, queue, was created on the basis of the Russian Imperial Fleet. The time of the origin of the Russian regular military fleet is considered to be 1696, when Boyarskaya Duma issued a decree "maritime courts to be". The first ships were built on Voronezh Admiralty shipyards. For his 300 years of history, the Russian fleet passed a glorious combat path. 75 times the enemy descended his flags before his ships.

Day of the Navy of Russia It is celebrated on the last Sunday of July. This holiday was established by the decision of the USSR SCC and the CPS Central Committee (b) in 1939.

Opportunities and objectives of the Navy of Russia

The value of the Navy in the modern world is difficult to overestimate. This kind of armed forces is best suited for global projecting of military power to any region of the globe. Specific, inherent only Navy capabilities, this is:

1) Mobility and high autonomy, with the possibility of exiting any point of the world's ocean through neutral water. While the mobility of the ground forces is usually limited to the limits of its country, and the autonomy of the aircraft of the Navy does not exceed a few hours, the ship groups can operate for months on any distance from their bases. High mobility makes it difficult to apply strikes, including nuclear, according to the unfolded shipping of the enemy, because during the time required to prepare the impact, it can shift significantly, and not always in a predictable direction.

2) High firing power and range of modern ship weapons. This allows the navy to hit targets located on the removal of several hundred and even thousand meters from the coast. Thus, the Navy is an important tool for the "non-contact" war. In combination with mobility and autonomy, this property allows military pressure on almost any (albeit with some restrictions) the state of the world.

3) Small response time to the crisis situation. The possibility of fast redeployment into a crisis region without long-term political and infrastructure costs.

3) the secrecy of the underwater forces of the Navy. No view of the Armed Forces does not have this opportunity. The underwater missile cruisers of strategic duty on battle duty are the factor that is capable of significantly limiting the actions of a potential aggressor. After all, the exact location of underwater strategic cruisers is unknown, some of the probable enemy can be completely close to the shores of the likely enemy, and in the case of aggression against Russia, a retaliatory blow is capable of consequences.

4) Universality of use. The navy can be used in the operations of the most different kind:

• demonstration of force
• combat duty
• sea blockade and security of communications,
• peacekeeping and counterirate actions,
• humanitarian missions,
• transformation of ground forces
• protection of the coast,
• convention and nuclear war on the sea
• strategic nuclear deterrence
• strategic missile defense,
• airborne operations and fighting on land (independently or in cooperation with other types of armed forces).

Let us dwell on some aspects of the application of the Navy. What is a demonstration of power, it was shown quite recently when the SCDF of the Russian Navy headed by the TAUCR "Admiral Kuznetsov" entered the Mediterranean Sea. Thus, the possibility of an external invasion of Syria was prevented. From the same time, a series of military successes of the B. Assad regime began in the fight against the "rebels". But the highest opportunities for the demonstration of force are the United States. We can say that they demonstrate the power continuously in all key points of the globe, and this is an integral part of American foreign policy.

In the creation of the maritime component of the missile defense (Pro) currently leading positions also occupy US. The fleet here is considered as a marine component of the global system. The interception of ballistic missiles is carried out by the specially developed interceptor missiles under the control of the IJIS system. It is very likely that in the foreseeable future Navy Russia will receive its analogue "IJIS". The media reported on the plans of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in 2016 to begin the construction of six squadrock destroyers equipped with elements of anti-missile and anti-missile defense.

Navy, as a global military tool, must have its own air-air and land components. This is what we see in the US Navy. Good equipped expeditionary divisions of the US Marine Corps of the USA, having armored vehicles, aviation and subdivisions of rear support, are able to arrive at any point in any point of the globe, and fall on the coast for the purpose of conducting humanitarian, opponent operations, or full-scale hostilities. This is the essence of the US colonial policy, and the Navy is its universal tool. Russian sailors also had a lot to play on land, but in a different way. Sailors went to the front in a critical setting and, as a rule, on their land. And this is not only a civil war and the Second World War. In such a purely land wars of the newest Russian history, as the first and second Chechen, did not cost without the participation of sailors.

In peacetime, the Navy of Russia performs the following tasks:

• deterrence from the use of military force or the threat of its application for the Russian Federation;
• protection of the country's sovereignty extending beyond its land area on the inner sea water and the territorial sea, sovereign rights in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental shelf, as well as the freedom of the open sea;
• creation and maintenance of conditions for ensuring the safety of morohody activities in the World Ocean;
• ensuring the naval presence of Russia in the oceans, the demonstration of the flag and military force, official visits;
• ensuring participation in the military, peacekeeping and humanitarian actions that meet the interests of the state;
• ensuring the personal safety of Russian citizens who are in foreign seaside states in the event of conflict situations.

In peacetime, the tasks of the Navy of Russia are solved through the following events:

• combat patrol and combat duty of rocket submarines of strategic appointment (RPLSN) in the established readiness to apply strikes on the appointed objects of the likely enemy;
• military provision of RPLSN (provision of military stability of the RPLSN) on routes and in the districts of combat patrol;
• search for atomic rocket and multipurpose submarines of the likely enemy and tracking them on routes and in areas of solving problems in readiness for destruction with the start of hostilities;
• observation of aircraft and other ship's shock groups of a likely enemy, tracking them in the areas of their combat maneuvering in readiness to inflict strikes on them with the beginning of hostilities;
• opening and difficulty of the efforts of the enemy's intelligence in the seas and areas of the ocean adjacent to our coast, observation and monitoring of them in readiness for destruction with the beginning of hostilities;
• ensuring the deployment of fleet forces in the threatened period;
• identification of communications and equipment of ocean and sea theaters in strategically important areas of the World Ocean;
• study of the likely districts of hostilities and the conditions for the use of various generics of the Navy forces, the use of weapons and technical means;
• monitoring the activities of foreign fleets;
• protection of civil society;
• fulfillment of foreign policy shares of the country's leadership;
• protection and protection of the state border of the Russian Federation in the underwater environment;
• protection and protection of the state border of the Russian Federation in airspace and control of its use;
• protection of the state border of the Russian Federation on land and the sea by military methods;
• promoting the border troops of the FSB of the Russian Federation in the protection of the state border, the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation;
• assistance in the internal troops and the internal affairs bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the suppression of internal conflicts and other actions using the means of armed violence in the territory of the Russian Federation, providing public security and a state of emergency in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
• defense of the sea coast;
• promoting civil defense troops and EMERCOM of the Russian Federation in the elimination of the consequences of accidents, disasters, fires and natural disasters.

The tasks of the Navy of Russia in wartime are as follows:

• ensuring the combat stability of rocket submarines of strategic appointment;
• the defeat of shock marine groups of the enemy Navy and the conquest of domination in the near sea (ocean) zone, the creation of favorable conditions for action in the seaside direction;
• protection of vital maritime communications;
• landing of marine assaults and ensuring their actions on the shore;
• applying fire strikes in the troops of the aggressor from the nautical directions;
• protection of its coast;
• blockade of the enemy coast (ports, VBMS, economic coastal areas, pouring zones);
• in the case of the use of nuclear weapons, the enemy is the destruction of ground objects in its territory, participation in the first and subsequent nuclear strikes.

It should be added that the world ocean is at the same time a colossal source of resources and global transport artery. In the future, the meaning of control over the ocean, it seems to be only increasing. Relevant for Russia, the problem is an increasing rivalry for control over the resources of the Arctic Ocean, which today looks more and more promising from an economic point of view. And a strong naval fleet is the key to Russia to the wealth of the North.

Structure and combat composition of the Navy of Russia

The structure of the Russian Navy includes the following forces:

• surface;
• underwater;
• marine aviation;
• coastal troops.

Separate forces are parts of special purpose, rear support and hydrographic service.

Consider each other of the above types of forces of the Navy of Russia.

Superwater forces

They provide access to the battalities of submarines, their deployment and return to the bases, as well as the transportation and cover of the landings. The overseas forces are given the main role in the protection of communications, formulation and elimination of mine barrage.

The surface forces of the Navy of Russia have the following classes of ships:

Heavy aviance cruiser (Top) PR.11435 - 1 ("Admiral fleet of the Soviet Union of Kuznetsov") as part of the Northern Fleet. The cruiser was put into operation in 1991. The main shock weapons of the Tactar are 12 PCR Granit and Avicrylovilly as part of the SU-33 deckuric aircraft and fighters, as well as the Ka-27 and K-29 helicopters. Currently, the aircraft actually includes 10 Su-33 fighters. These aircraft are deprived of impact opportunities, their task is the distant defense of the aircraft carrier. After the planned large-scale modernization of the advanced tactar will increase to 50 cars, of which 26 MiG-29K or Su-27K fighters. It is also planned to replace the currently unreliable cell turbine energy installation of gas turbine or nuclear.

Heavy atomic rocket cruisers (Tark) PR.1144 "Orlan" - 4. These are the largest and most powerful in the world not aviance ships. Their main weapons are 20 PKR Granit. At the moment, in the composition of the Navy of Russia there is only one combat-ready cruiser of this project - "Peter Great" as part of the Northern Fleet. The rest - "Kirov", "Admiral Lazarev", "Admiral Nakhimov" - for various reasons, were unable and for a long time were in retreat. Currently, work has been started on their repair and upgrades. Entering these ships is planned in 2018-2020.

Rocket cruiser Ave. 1164 "Atlant" - 3, one of them ("Marshal Ustinov") for repair until 2015. The main weapons - 8x2 PKR PKR P-1000 "Volcano". There are two cruisers of this type - the flagship of ChF GRKR "Moscow" and the flagship of Tof Navy of Russia RKR "Varyag".

All the cruiser described above are extremely high shock power. They are intended primarily to apply strikes on major enemy ships, ensuring anti-air defense and combat sustainability of ship groups, fire support. By the way, the cruiser PR.1164 is sometimes referred to as "killers of aircraft carriers", but this is an exaggeration. Supersonic PCR P-1000 really do not have analogues in the world, and the fall of several such missiles can be sent to the bottom of the aircraft carrier, but the problem is that the range of American deck aircraft is much larger than the range of Russian (and any other) antique missiles .

Large anti-submarine ships (BOD) - 9.This is a specific class of ships in the composition of the Soviet and Russian fleets. In Western Fleets, the data of the ships could be attributed to the class of destroyers. Currently, in the composition of the Navy of Russia, there are 7 BOD Ave. 1155 "Frigate", 1 BOD 1155.1 and 1 - 1134b. As follows from the name, BOD, mainly intended to fight submarines. Priority weapons - anti-submarine, including anti-submarine helicopters KA-27. Rocket weapon presented by SPC. There is no anti-relocatious rocket armament. True, recently in the media appeared information that BPK Ave. 1155 will be upgraded. The modernization of the BOD will include the equipment with modern A-192 guns, the "Calibr" missiles and the newest air defense complex and about the Reduce Rockets. Ship electronics will be replaced with new weapons. Thus, the BOD will acquire versatility and in their combat capabilities actually equal to the destroyers.

One of the BOD PR.1155 "Muritious" in the course of modernization is converted into the TSR of the far sea zone.

Squaded Mission Mission (EM) Ave. 956 "Sarych", in the combat composition of the fleet - 7, another is repairs and modernization. Currently, the destroyers of Ave. 956 are morally outdated and can not compete with American Esminians like "Arly Berk". The advantage of American destroyers - in universality (in their PU MK 41 there is an entire nomenclature of anti-aircraft and anti-ferrous missiles) and the availability of the IJIS system. There is no similar similarity from the Russian fleet yet. It must be admitted that if in other countries (USA, Japan), the destroyers are a "edge of the ridge" of military fleets, then in the Russian Navy, they are extremely slightly represented. We can talk about the imbalance of the ship's department of the Russian Fleet in this regard. However, the requirements for the promising destroyer of the Navy of Russia are formulated and its development is underway.

CorvettepR.20380 "Unregular" - 3 (5 more - in the process of construction). These are the newest multipurpose ships of the 2nd rank of the near sea zone. They carry balanced weapons: antique rocket (2x4 PKRK "Uranus"), artillery (1x100 mm A-190), anti-aircraft (4x8 AU "Reduce", 2x6 30-mm AU AK-630M), anti-submarine (2x4 330-mm ta) and aviation (1 helicopter ka-27pl).

Watchdow ships (UKR) - 4. Of these, PR.11540 "Hawk" - 2, PR.1135 and 1135m - 2. Another 3 ships Ave. 1135m is located as part of the coast guard of the FSB of Russia.

Rocket ships (RK) - 2, pr.11661 "Cheetah". According to the classification of NATO, these ships belong to the class of frigates, in Russia until 2003 they were considered watchdogs, however, they are distinguished by more powerful weapons: 1x76-mm AU, two 30-mm automated AU (on the head ship of the Tatarstan series "), Torpedo devices, RBUs, anti-workers missile systems (on the ship" Tatarstan "- PKRK" Uranus "with the Kh-35 missiles, on Dagestan - Universal PKRK" Calibr-NK ", which can be used to start multiple types of high-precision winged Rockets; "Dagestan" became the first ship of the Navy of Russia, which received this complex), anti-aircraft weapons (at Tatarstan - Osa-Ma-2, on Dagestan, Zrak Palash).

Small anti-submarine ships - 28. Basically, this ships Ave. 1124 and 1124m, built in the 1970s - 1980s. last century. The main weapon is anti-submarine and torpedo; There are artillery, SPC and RES equipment.

Small rocket ships (MRK, in Western Classification - Corvette) - 14 ships PR.1234.1 and 1234.7 "GOOD". The ships of this series were built from 1967 to 1992. With small sizes, the IRK has a high shock power. The main shock armament is 6 PKR PKR P-120 "Malachite", or 4 PKR PKR P-20 "TERMIT-E" or 12 PU PCR "Onyx". Also, the Navy of Russia has two MRCs of the newest building of the class "River - Sea" Ave. 21631 "Buyan-M", armed with 1x8 PCR "Caliber" or "Onyx", artillery and machine gun installations, 30-mm anti-aircraft gun.

Large missile boats (RCA) - 28, various modifications of Ave. 1241 "Lightning" (1241.1, 12411Т, 12411РЭ, 1241.7). The boats are equipped with anti-worm weapons - 4 Rockets ZM80 "Mosquito" and 1x76-mm AU AK-176, Reb equipment. Anti-aircraft weapons are purely symbolic - 1 CRKK "Strela-3" or "needle". At least one boat of this type during the modernization received a new anti-aircraft weapon: Zrak "Palash" with the possibility of installing two quadruple PU anti-aircraft missiles.

Small artillery ships (MAC) -4. This class includes one ship PR.12411 after the modernization and 3 of the newest Russian cramps of the River-Sea class Ave. 21630 "Buyan", armed 1x8 PCR "Calibr" or "Onyx", artillery and machine gun installations, 30 mm anti-aircraft machine .

Artillery boats (aka)- 6. Of these, Ave. 1204 "Bumblebee" - 3, and paragraph 3400m "Grief" - 3. Designed for action on rivers and lakes, as well as in coastal shallow water areas. Currently, 5 of the 6 Aka in the ranks carry services as part of the Caspian Flotilla. Kathers Ave. 1204 have reservations and enough powerful weapons: 76 mm tank cannon, reactive installation of BM-14-7, 14.5 mm anti-aircraft machine gun and mine armament. Boats PR.1400m are designed for watchdog and border service. Their weapon is a 12.7-mm turret-tower machine gun unit.

Sea trails (mtshch) - 13, of which PR.12660 - 2, PR.266M and 266ME - 9, PR.0668 - 1, PR.1332 - 1. The main weapon of sea travelers is anti-minor and anti-submarine. MTSHs are designed to produce mineral offices, search, destruction of sea mines and wiring ships through mining bours. The trawls are equipped with contact, acoustic and electromagnetic trawls, as well as special MINISCHES GAS. For self-defense, the trawls have artillery and rocket weapons: 76-, 30-, 25 mm artistors, Strela-3 SPC, etc.

Basic trails (BTCH) - 22, all ships - Ave. 1265 "Yahont" 70s. the buildings.

Raid Trawers (Rtlech) - 23, of which PR.1258 - 4, PR.10750 - 8, PR.697TB - 2, PR.12592 - 4, Radio-controlled river breakthroughs of mine barrage passes. 3000 - 5.

Large landing ships (BDK) - 19. Of these, 15 - BDK Ave. 775, which are the basis of the Russian landing fleet. Each ship is designed to transport 225 paratroopers and 10 tanks. In addition to the transport of landing, the BDK is designed to provide him with fire support. For this, the BDK Ave. 775 has RSZO MS-73 "Thunderstorm" with a shooting range of 21 km and two paired 57-mm AK-725 instruments. The ship's air defense is 76-mm AK-176 artist and two six-characteristic 30-mm AK-630 artist. They can also be used for the self-defense of the ship from the light surface forces of the enemy. The remaining 4 BDK are presented to the older Ave. 1171 "Tapir". Ships of this project can transport 300 paratroopers and 20 tanks or 45 BTRs. Their weapons are 2 RSW A-215 "Grad-M", and a paired 57-mm artist in ZIF-31B.

Small landing ships on an air cushion (MDKVP) - 2 ships PR.12322 "Zubr". These ships were created in the 80s. last century and still have no analogues for carrying capacity in this class of ships. Each ship can transport three tanks or 10 armored personnel carriers and 140 people of the landing. The design of the ship allows you to move around land, swampy terrain and planting a landing in the depths of the opponent's defense. The armament of the ship is 2 PU system A-22 "Fire" with 140-mm uncontrolled reactive projectiles and two AK-630 artists; For air defense on the ship there are 8 CRKK "Needle".

Aunt Boats (DCA) - 23, Of these, 12 - PR.176 "Shark", 9 - PR.11770 "Sulna", 1 - PR.21820 "Digo" and 1 - PR.2206 "Kalmar". The landing boats are designed to land the landings on the unequare coast. Project boats 11770 and 21820 are the newest. With their movement, the principle of air cavity is used, which allows you to minimally reduce water resistance, and due to this, the speed of more than 30 nodes. Load capacity of the boats Ave. 11770 is 1 tank or up to 45 tons of cargo, boats Ave. 21820 - 2 tanks or up to 140 tons of cargo.

Underwater power

The main tasks of the underwater forces are:

• the defeat of important ground-based enemy objects;
• search and destruction of submarines, aircraft carriers and other surface vehicles of the enemy, its landing detachments, convoy, single transports (ships) in the sea;
• intelligence, ensuring the guidance of their impact forces and issuing a target designation;
• the destruction of marine oil and gas complexes, landing of intelligence groups (detachments) of special purpose on the enemy coast;
• staging min and others.

Includes a strategic nuclear component (which is an integral part of the nuclear triad of Russia) and general purpose forces.

Strategic underwater forces of the Navy of Russia Designed to carry combat duty with atomic ballistic missiles on board and, in the event of a team receipt, applying nuclear strikes through ground objects of the enemy. These include 14 atomic rocket underwater cruisers of strategic appointment (RPKSN; sometimes they are also denoted by the term plasto - "Nuclear submarine with ballistic missiles"). The main part of the plast is 10 units. - Focus on the Northern Fleet, 3 more places are part of the Pacific Fleet of the Navy of Russia.

True, not all of the specified ships are in a combattive state. Two ships AP.941 "Shark" due to the lack of ammunition (the R-39 ballistic missiles used on them were removed from weapons) are derived to the reserve and are planned to dispose. The head ship of the same series "Dmitry Donskoy" in 2008 was modernized for the new rocket complex "Bulava" and after modernization received the designation 941m.

Of the three submarines, PR.667BDR "Kalmar" (all in the composition of Tof) are in the ranks, one - on repair and upgrades. These submarines are equipped with intercontinental liquid ballistic missiles R-29P. Currently, the submarines of the Kalmar project is largely morally and physically obsolete and are planned to withdraw from weapons.

The plagne PR.667BDM "Dolphin" is still the main marine component of the strategic nuclear triad of the Russian Federation. The Navy of Russia has seven submarines of this project, of which actually in the rank - five. The submarine "Yekaterinburg" is restored after a strong fire, which happened on December 29, 2011. The BS-64 submarine is located on re-equipment into the carrier of deep-water devices to perform special tasks, that is, it will not be used as a missile cruiser.

It should be noted that all the above submarines were built in the USSR and belong to the third generation of the plast.

They should be replaced by the fourth-generation plague of the Fourth generation, armed with Rockets "Bulava", but by now the Navy of Russia received only the head ship of this series - "Yuri Dolgoruky". The latter became generally the only rocket underwater cruiser of the strategic appointment, built in Russia from the collapse of the Union and to the present. True, the current program for the construction of RPKSN Borey provides for the construction of 10 ships by 2020

Thus, at present, the Navy of Russia has only nine plaarb in a combat-ready state. True, if we consider that the US Navy has 14 plars, we can talk about relative feet on ships of this class.

Underwater powers Includes atomic submarines with covered rockets, nuclear submarines of general purpose, diesel-electric submarines, as well as atomic and diesel submarines of special purpose.

They have the following ship composition:

Atomic submarines with covered rockets (PLAK or Apr. - Atomic underwater rocket cruiser) - 8, pr.949a "Antey". From them - 5, 1 - in repair, 2 -B reserve. These submarines are armed with 24 supersonic anti-relocated ZM-45 complex of P-700 "Granite" and are intended primarily for unexpected strikes on the enemy ship compounds. It is considered, along with sea rocket-bearing aviation, one of the main means of opposition to the US Navy. The launch of the start of the launch of rockets and the unprecedented shock power is more than any of the surface rocket cruisers - give a connection from two places a real chance of destroying the aircraft carrier. At one time, the USSR Navy was created an antiovano division, which included 2 groups of 2 plandles and one submarine Ave. 671TM. The division successfully conducted a tactical teaching on the real AUGA "America".

Atomic submarines Multipurpose (PL) - 19. Of these: Ave. 971 "Pike-B" - 11, pr.671TMK - 4, AP.945 "Barracuda" - 2, pr.945a "Condor" - 2. The main task of PLA - tracking strategic submarines And AUR of the likely enemy and their destruction in the event of the beginning of the war.

Podlodki AF.971 "Pike-B" are the basis of the multi-purpose underwater forces of the Navy of Russia. They are armed with a rocket-torpedo complex, allowing the use of various types of ammunition: torpedoes, rocket-torpedoes, underwater missiles, anti-submarine rockets (Plur), C-10 Wild Rockets Pomegranate with Yabch for strikes on Auga, high-precision winged missiles for terrestrial targets .

Podlodki AP.945 "Barracuda" are the first Soviet Council of the third generation, and Condor is the development of this project. Armament - trapes and rocket-torpedoes. The distinctive feature of the AP.945A is significantly reduced by the level of demasking features (noise and magnetic fields). This submarine was considered the most light in the USSR Navy.

Submarines AF.671TMK are largely outdated and in the future should be removed from weapons. Currently, two of the four submarines of this type are combined.

Diesel submarines (DPL) - 19, of which PR 877 "Haltus" - 16, PR. 877EKM - 1, ART.641B "SOM" - 1 (was at the overhaul, currently the final fate of the boat - disposal or renewal of repair - not defined), .677 "Lada" - 1.

Submarines PR 877 have an extremely low level of noise and universal weapons: torpedo devices and club-s missile complexes. In the West, this submarine for its unimprovability received the nickname "Black Hole".

The only remainder of the Fleet submarine PR.641B "B-380" was at the overhaul; Currently, the final fate of the boat - disposal or renewal of repair - not defined.

PDL.677 "Lada" is the development of the project "Falus". However, due to a number of technical flaws in 2011-2012. The project has undergone a sharp criticism of the command of the Navy of Russia. In particular, the power plant was capable of developing no more than half of the power project. It was decided to refine the project. Currently built and is in the trial operation of the B-585 Saint Petersburg head ship. After eliminating the shortcomings, the construction of the series is likely to continue.

Atomic Submarines Special Forces (Plasn)- 9, of which PR.1851 - 1, 18511 - 2, PR.1910 - 3, PR.10831 - 1, Pr.09787 - 1, Pr.09786 - 1. All Plasns are part of the 29th Brigade of Atomic Underwater Special Purpose Boats. The activities of the brigade are strictly classified. It is known that Plasns are equipped with special equipment and are intended for work at large depths and at the Day of the World Ocean. The brigade is part of the Northern Fleet, but directly obeys Main Department of Deep Force Research (Hugogs) GS of the Russian Federation.

Diesel Special Destination Submarine (PLS) - 1, PR.20120 Sarov. Designed for testing new types of weapons and military equipment. In 2012, the media reported that the PLS "Sarov" is equipped with an experimental hydrogen power plant, which, in the case of successful tests, will be installed on the PR. 677.

In addition to the warships, the Russian Navy includes auxiliary vessels of various types:

• intelligence : Large atomic intelligence ship, large, medium and small reconnaissance ships, communication ships, air surveillance ship, underwater lighting ships, search and rescue ship;
• rescue : Rescue vessels, fire fighting and rescue boats, raid diving boats, rescue sea tugs, shipping vessel, etc.
• transport : Complex ship supply ship, dry cargo and bulk vessels, marine ferries, general-purpose self-propelled ferry;
• floa Base : submarines, technical and rocket-technical;
• plawmaster ;
• hydrographic ships ;
• court of demagnetization, hydroacoustic and control of physical fields .

Sea aviation

Includes aircraft and helicopters of various purposes. Main goals:

• search and destruction of the fighting forces of the fleet of the enemy, landing detachments, convoy;
• covering your ships from air strikes;
• the destruction of aircraft, helicopters and winged missiles;
• air reconnaissance;
• guidance on the enemy's ship forces of their shock forces and issuing a target designation;
• participation in mineral production, anti-mining actions, radio electronic struggle (RES), transportation and landing, search and rescue work on the sea. Sea aviation acts both independently and in cooperation with other types of fleet forces or connections of other types of armed forces.

Sea aviation is divided into aircraft deck and coastal bazing. Until 2011, the Russian Navy was part of the Navy of the Russian Navy: rocket-bearing, assault, fighter, anti-submarine, search and rescue, transport and special aviation. After the 2011 military reform, the state and prospects of marine aviation foggy. According to available information, its organizational structure is currently incorporating 7 airbases and the 279th ship ship, ascribed to the tact of Admiral Kuznetsov.

In the composition of sea aviation there are about 300 aircraft. Of them:

• 24 Su-24m / mp,
• 21 Su-33 (in flight no more than 12),
• 16 Tu-142 (in flight no more than 10),
• 4 SU-25 UTG (279th ship carriage),
• 16 IL-38 (in flight no more than 10),
• 7 BE-12 (mainly on the ChF, will be written off in the near future),
• 95 ka-27 (no more than 70),
• 10 ka-29 (assigned to Morpei),
• 16 Mi-8,
• 11 An-12 (somewhat in reconnaissance and RES),
• 47 An-24 and An-26,
• 8 An-72,
• 5 Tu-134,
• 2 Tu-154,
• 2 IL-18,
• 1 IL-22,
• 1 IL-20,
• 4 Tu-134Bl.

Of these, technically good, capable of performing combat missions in full, are not more than 43% of the total number.

Before the reform, the Aviation of the Navy had two fighter regiments, the 698th Ogiap with SU-27 fighters and the 865th IAP fighters with MiG-31 fighters. Currently, they are submitted to the Air Force.

Liquidated assault and marine rocket aircraft (Tu-22m3). The latter looks more than strange, given that the Mra has been considered one of the main and most effective means of fighting the AUR of the likely enemy from our maritime borders. In 2011, all tu-22m3 rocket bombers of the Tu-22m3 of marine rocket aircraft as part of three squadrons were in a rush manner of the Far Aviation Air Force. Thus, all Tu-22m3 rocket mines are now concentrated in the Air Force, and the Navy lost an important part of its combat potential.

Apparently, such a decision was dictated not so much military considerations as the realities of today. Due to prolonged catastrophic underfunding, the combat training of aircraft pilots was carried out on a more than a modest level, only one 1/3 crews could be considered a combat. Tu-22m3 aircraft have not been upgraded for a long time. In fact, in the 1990s - early 2000s, only those who learned this still in Soviet times were able to fly in the sea aviation. At the same time, the combat capability of long-distance aviation in modern Russia continues at least somehow supported. Rocket mines were transferred to where they are still able to serve and can fly on them. In addition, the collection of all the aircraft Tu-22m3 in one structure, in theory, should reduce their service. Currently, Russia's available 150 aircraft of this type are combined only 40. It is reported that thirty-tu-22m3 will be deep upgraded with the replacement of the entire electronics and will receive a new high-precision X-32 missile.

The remaining Tu-22m3 for various reasons are in a poor condition and are "on conservation". Judging by the photo, the state of these far from the old cars is not very good. If we talk about the performance of such a task, like the destruction of at least one aircraft carrier of the NIMITC type, then this will require at least 30 Tu-22m3, that is, almost all available combat-ready cars. If you split 40 rocket mines between two structures, it turns out that the fight against AUR is not at the power of rocket-bearing parts by any of them.

In general, after the reform, marine aviation was deprived of most of his impact power, and is currently concentrated on the tasks of anti-submarine defense (flat), patrolling and rescue operations, while maintaining in its structure the only regiment of ship-based fighters and limited possibilities for Performance of shock tasks from land airfields.

Patroling, which is performed by airplanes IL-38 and Tu-142m3 / MK in the Pacific and Arctic, is a demonstration of military presence and has important political importance. In connection with the serious political and economic interests of Russia in the Arctic, patrol aircraft of marine aviation is monitored by the ice situation and movements of foreign vessels in this region.

Another important function of naval aviation is anti-submarine. It is also carried out by aircraft IL-38 and TU-142M3 / MK. The anti-submarine function in peacetime includes "offensive" and "defensive" combat patrol. The first one relates to the tracking of the possibilities of the possible finding of a probable enemy's plague, primarily American submarines. In the second case, Russian anti-submarine aircraft covers the zones of the likely patrolling of its strategic missiles, observing the activity of enemy submarines, which may pose a threat to the Russian plars in the conduct of combat duty.

In service with the Navy of Russia also has specialized anti-submarine helicopters Ka-27. These are reliable machines that have a significant resource, as well as the helicopters of the search and rescue version of KA-27PS. The FEM has 8 Mi-8 helicopters equipped with Rab hardware.

The shock aviation of the coastal base of the Navy of Russia is represented by the only 43th sea assault squadron of the Black Sea Fleet as part of 18 front-line bombers Su-24 and 4 SU-24MR scouts. It is based in the Crimea at the airfield Guards. The squadron was not transferred to the Air Force, as it is impossible to do without international complications.

Also equipped with SU-24 4th separate sea assault airlock (Omshp), deployed in Chernyakhovsk (Kaliningrad region), in 2009 became the 7052th aviation base, but was transferred to the Air Force in March 2011

The aircraft of the Navy has at its disposal the An-12, An-24 and one aircraft of the shortened takeoff and landing An-72.

The Black Sea Fleet has three or four turboprop amphibians of the BE-12PS, which are mainly used for search and rescue and patrol operations. These machines are significantly outdated and developed their resource.

The moral and physical obsolescence of the flight fleet is a serious problem of aviation of the Navy of Russia. So far, it is solved only partially. Thus, new helicopters Ka-52K will be purchased for Mistral UDC acquired by UDC, the KA-31 helicopters and the MiG-29K deck fighters for Tactar "Kuznetsov". Su-33 fighters are modernized.

The preparation of pilots of Marine Aviation of the Navy of Russia leads the 859th training center of Nautical Aviation in Yeisk on the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov. It carries out both reappearing pilots to new types of aircraft and the training of land personnel.

To prepare the pilots of the deck aviation of the Navy of Russia, a one-of-a-kind polygon of a thread located in Crimea and owned by the Navy of Ukraine is used. In 2008-2010 Because of the international complications caused by the "five-day war" with Georgia, the Russians were deprived of the opportunity to conduct training on the complex. Accordingly, for three years, the training of young pilots of the 279th ship's air strike was very difficult, since the pilots are allowed only after successful learning on the thread from the deck of Tactar "Kuznetsov". In 2013, Russia refused to use the Ukrainian thread, as it actively builds his, more perfect thread in Yeisk. In July 2013, it successfully carried out the first test flights of the SU-25UTG and MIG-29 CUB aircraft.

Coastal troops

Designed for the defense of the coast, bases and other land facilities and participation in marine landings. Include coastal rocket and artillery troops and marine infrontation.

The coastal rocket-artillery troops of the Russian Navy are included:

• 2 separate coastal rocket shelf;
• 1 Guards Rocket Brigade;
• 3 separate coastal rocket-artillery brigade;
• 3 anti-aircraft rocket shelf;
• 2 regiment of radio electronic struggle;
• 2 motorized rifle brigades;
• 1 motorized rifle regiment;
• separate sea road engineering battalion;
• communication nodes.

The basis of the fire power of the coastal troops of the Navy of Russia is the anti-workers missile complexes "Redut", "Rubezh", "Bal-E", "Club-M", K-300P "Bastion-P", self-propelled artillery complex A-222 "Coast". There are also standard samples of artillery armament and military equipment of the land forces: 122-mm RSZO 9k51 "Grad", 152-mm Msta-B Hubitsa 2A65, 152 mm SAU 2C5 "Hyacinth", 152-mm towed guns 2A36 "Hyacinth B ", 152-mm Gaubitizer Gubitsa D-20, 122-mm Maubitsa D-30, up to 500 T-80 tanks, T-72 and T-64, more than 200 armored personnel carriers of BTR-70 and BTR-80.

Marine infantry includes:

• 3 brigades MP;
• 2 regiment MP;
• two separate battalions of MP.

In service with marines T-80, T-72 and PT-76 tanks, BMP-2 infantry combat vehicles and BMP-3F, BTR-80 armored personnel carriers, BTR-70 and MTLB, Nona-C arthowers, Non-SCK »On the floating chassis of the BTR and the" carnation ". Currently, a new caterpillar BMP is being developed specifically for the fleet.

The marine infantry of the Russian Navy is considered a special elite genus of the fleet forces, however, unlike the US Marine Corps, which, in fact, is a full-fledged army, the Russian maritime infantry can solve only a tactical problem.

In addition to the specified coastal forces, the Russian Navy includes individual maritime intelligence points () and units to combat underwater sabotage forces and means (about PDS).

Operational and strategic associations of the Navy of Russia

Operational strategic associations of the Navy of Russia are:

Baltic Fleet with headquarters in Kaliningrad. Ship Composition: 3 diesel submarines, 2 destroyers, 3 Corvette, 2 watchdogs, 4 small rocket ship, 7 small anti-submarine ships, 7 rocket boats, 5 basic travelers, 14 raid trails, 4 large landing ships, 2 small landing vehicles on VP, 6 landing boats. Total: submarines - 3, surface ships - 56.

Northern Fleet with headquarters in Severomorsk. Ship Composition: 10 atomic submarines with ballistic rockets, 3 atomic submarines with covered rockets, 14 multi-purpose nuclear submarines, 9 atomic submarines Special forces, 1 diesel submarine Special forces, 6 diesel submarines, 1 heavy aviance cruiser, 2 heavy atomic Rocket cruiser, 1 rocket cruiser, 5 BOD, 1 destroyer, 3 small rocket ship, 1 artillery boat, 6 small anti-submarine ships, 4 sea travelers, 6 basic trails, 1 raid trawl, 4 large landing ships, 4 landing boats. Total: Submarines - 43, surface ships - 39.

Black Sea Fleet with headquarters in Sevastopol. Ship Composition: 2 Diesel submarines, 1 rocket cruiser, 2 BOD, 3 ICR, 7 MPK, 4 MRK, 5 rocket boats, 7 marine travelers, 2 basic travelers, 2 raid trawls, 7 large landing ships, 2 landing boats. Total: submarines - 2, surface ships - 41.

Pacific fleet with headquarters in Vladivostok. Ship composition: 3 Atomic submarines with ballistic rockets, 5 atomic submarines with cylinder rockets, 5 multipurpose nuclear submarines, 8 diesel submarines, 1 heavy atomic rocket cruiser, 1 rocket cruiser, 4 large anti-submarine ship, 3 destroyers, 8 small Anti-submarine ships, 4 small rocket ship, 11 rocket boats, 2 sea travelers, 7 basic trails, 1 raid trawl, 4 large landing ships, 4 landing boats. Total: submarines - 21, surface ships - 50.

Caspian Flotilla with headquarters in Astrakhan. Ship Composition: 2 watchdogs, 4 small artillery ships, 5 missile boats, 5 artillery boats, 2 basic trash, 5 raid farmers, 7 landing boats. Total: surface ships - 28.

The North and Pacific Fleams are full-fledged ocean fleets. Their ships can carry out all types of naval operations in the long ocean zone. Only these two fleet of the Navy of Russia have plants and plars. Also here are all Russian missile cruisers except the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet of PCR "Moscow".

Baltic and Black Sea Fleams are predominantly fleets of the marine zone. Their ships can also perform exits in the world ocean, but only in the context of the global world, for the implementation of expeditionary operations against a deliberately weaker enemy.

Total assessment and prospects for the development of the Navy of Russia

Russia has the most extended marine borders in the world - 43 thousand km, and therefore the value of the Navy is very large for it. At the same time, no country in the world has such an uncomfortable strategic location of the exits to the sea. All fleets of the Navy of Russia are isolated from each other, and in the event of a war on one of the directions of the transmission of forces from others is extremely difficult.

The peak of the power of the USSR Navy fell on the 80s of the last century. According to Western experts of that time, a compound from the three AUC Navy in the event of the beginning of hostilities in the zone of responsibility of the Northern Fleet of the Navy of the USSR, most likely would exist for no longer a day.

With the collapse of the USSR began the rapid degradation of the fleet. According to some estimates, compared with the USSR of the 80s, Russia has lost up to 80% of its naval relics. Nevertheless, in the world ranking of fleets on combat power, the Russian fleet still takes second place (after American), and in the number of ships - the sixth.

According to some estimates, the Navy of Russia in combat capabilities is inferior to the US Navy more than one and a half times. The advantage of the Americans is in the amount of atomic submarines, the number and quality of the uro esmin and, of course - the presence of atomic aircraft carriers in the fleet of the fleet. However, recently there has been a tendency to revive the Russian fleet, while the United States is at the peak of his naval relics, which in the future is likely to decline.

The basis of the combat composition of the Russian Navy is ships of the Soviet building. At the same time, in recent years there is an active construction of new ships.

First of all, the desire for increasing the possibilities of the Navy of Russia in the near sea zone is traced. This is necessary to protect the economic interests of the country on the continental shelf, and at the same time is not so ruining as the construction of large warship of the far ocean zone. Superwater ships planned and planned for construction, this is: 8 frigates of the far sea zone PR.22350, 6 frigates of the far sea zone PR.11356, 35 Corvettes (ship of the near sea zone) of them are not less than 20 ships. PR.20380 and 20385, 5- 10 small rocket ships PR.21631, four Mistral helicopters, not less than 20 small landing ships "Digo" and a series of basic travelers PR.12700 "Alexandrite". Of course, these ships are not intended for rivalry with the United States for the domination of the sea. Rather, they are suitable for confrontation by the fleets rank down, such as Swedish or Norwegian, in the struggle for the resources of the Arctic, or participation in international missions, for example, against Somali pirates.

At the same time, attention is paid to updating strategic underwater forces. Three plars are built by AF. 955 "Borea". Eight must be built them. As for the underwater forces of general purpose, it should first be noted the construction of the Eight newest multi-purpose nuclear submarines of the fourth-generation of the fourth-generation ART. 6 Diesel submarines of PR.636.3 "Warzavyanka", which are further development of submarine PR 877EKM will also be built.

In recent years, the media in the media is emerging about the creation of a Russian atomic aircraft carrier, similar to the aircraft carriers of the Nimitz class. According to some information, in the composition of the Russian Navy, it is planned to create up to five AUG. Currently, the domestic aircraft carrier is at the design stage. The problem lies in the fact that some technologies available from Americans are simply absent in Russia, in particular, the electromagnetic catapult, which will be equipped with the latest American aircraft carriers of the Gerald Ford series. In addition, the aircraft carrier needs modern shelves forces intended for action as part of AUG. Among them, the destroyers play an important role, which in the Navy of Russia is practically absent now. Approximately, commissioning of the first domestic aircraft carrier is planned in 2023, but apparently it is another optimistic time.

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The sea domination always allowed strong countries to dictate their conditions. States discovered and won new territories, carried their orders and faith. In the XXI century, things are somewhat different, but the big fleet remains a huge advantage.

We learn which powers have the biggest fleet in the world, how many ships they have and what is the history of the development of shipbuilding.

The biggest fleets in the world for 2019

Statistics on the number of ships change annually. Some countries for lack of funds on modernization reduce the fleet, others are building new vessels. At the turn of the XX and XXI centuries, the Soviet Union could boast the number of warships. On guard of state borders stood 1053 units of marine equipment. This figure today can be compared with the number of vessels of modern marine powers of the world.

Changes in the number of underwater fleet of Russia after the collapse of the USSR and for a length of 25 years

In addition to the military fleet, the value has trading ships, which should also be told. To begin with, we will present an assessment of the biggest fleets in the world.

1. US Navy

As of the beginning of 2019, the number of vehicles of the US fleet is 289 units. In addition, the United States is the world leader in the number of aircraft carriers, their 11 pieces. The flag of naval forces is decorated with white-red stripes and the image of the snake with the inscription "Do not go to me."

The numerous and most technically equipped fleet belongs to the United States

As part of the US Navy:

• nimitz aircraft carriers - 10;
• aircraft carrier "Gerald R. Ford" - 1;
• ministry of Justice Squadron URO - 69;
• rocket cruisers "Titonneroga" - 22;
• patrol and other ships - 31;
• submarines - 71 and others.

The composition differs not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively. US ships are equipped with modern equipment. 332507 people serve on the fleet. They have dominant positions in the Pacific Ocean, which were provided in World War II by providing Japan.

Gyus US Military Fleet

2. Navy PRC

The fastest growing fleet in the world belongs to China. Every year, the state provides an increase in units of marine equipment. For the first time on the construction of this type of troops, Mao Zedun spoke in 1949. Today the structure is divided into three fleets:

• Northern;
• Southern;
• Oriental.

China's fleet ranks first in the world in growth rates

China today is opposed to Japan, and also causes reasonable concerns of the US government. The number of ships of various types at the end of 2018 is about 465, the troops are more than 324,000 people. It ranks first in the world in a number of numbers:

• diesel submarines;
• rocket and guard boats (100 units of each type);
• landing ships.

It is important here to note that the US landing ships are superior to Chinese on tonnage and capacity. For uninterrupted supply of the fleet, China creates external bases in the quiet and Indian Ocean. So, for refueling on a special agreement, the CNR ships enter the ports of Gwadar (Pakistan), Victoria (Seychelles), Yangon (Myanmar) and so on.

3. Navy Russia

The main enemy of the United States on the sea was considered the USSR and his succession, Russia. The total number of vessels of the Russian Federation for the Russian Federation at the end of 2018 - 270, but their number includes those that are in reserve and on modernization. Half of them is actively used. Until the end of 2020, the addition to 54 military vessels is planned, and after 7 years - even more than 100. The priority direction is submarines carrying modern rocket weapons.

Russian submarine "Dmitry Donskoy" - the largest in the world

The main problem of the Navy of the Russian Federation is a shortage of ships for long-range trips, and this gap must replenish until 2020. Russia also declares its rights to the Arctic, considering it the zone of future development. The projects of Mi-38 and Mi-26 helicopters for harsh weather conditions are being developed.

The main headquarters is located in the Complex "Admiralty" in St. Petersburg.

4. Self-defense forces of Japan

For the first time, self-defense for the sea in Japan appeared in 1954. The composition includes 4 groups:

• training;
• escort;
• underwater;
• aviation.

New Japanese Esminet type "Shiranui"

The fleet of Japan has 70 warships, among which are 17 submarines, 3 light aircraft carriers, about 40 destroyers. The main goal of the creation of troops is to ensure the security of the country, but today the law allows the armed forces to act otherwise if necessary.

In ISS Japan serve 45,000 officers and sailors. Coast Guard is a separate division and is not managed by the Minister of Defense.

5. Navy India

Today, India has one of the largest and most powerful fleets in the world, although the once-great sea power of the United Kingdom occupied 5 years ago. The composition includes 50 ships, including:

• aircraft carrier - 1;
• diesel submarines - 13;
• frigates - 14;
• easy aircraft carrier - 1;
• esminets - 11 and so on.

In India, the combat group of ships is divided into 3 parts: surface, underwater, auxiliary. The number of regular troops is 58,350 people.

New Indian Corvette "Kiltan"

In 2012, the military department laid 6 submarines of the type "Scoren", soon they will replenish the composition of the sea forces.

Naval Fleets of the Russian Federation

Let's talk more about the fleet of Russia. In addition to the clear division into underwater, surface forces, sea aircraft and coastal troops, there is a separation by territorial sign. In each fleet there is own headquarters subject to the commander-in-chief of the Navy. Consider a list of naval associations, their fighting power and tasks. Commander-in-Chief of the Navy - Admiral Evmenov M.A.

Red-known northern fleet

The largest of five military nautical districts in composition - Northern. The headquarters is located in Severomorsk, commands the troops Vice-Admiral Moiseev A.A.

"Peter Great" guarding the northern shores of the country

The history of the northern sea forces began in 1933, although Peter I built ships in cold conditions at the end of the XVII century. This is the most "young" union. Based on combat force - torpedo and atomic submarines, anti-submarine, rocket and aviance ships with the flagship "Peter Great", which are a heavy missile cruiser.

From 2014, he became part of the fifth military district of the Russian Federation - North, under his defense of Nenets JSC, the Republic of Komi and Murmansk, Arkhangelsk region. The priority is to protect the interests of the country in the Arctic.

Red-known Black Sea Fleet

Ensures the safety of the country in the zones of the Black and Mediterranean seas and has existed since 1783. After the addition of the Crimea, Empress Ekaterina II issued a decree on the establishment of the association of troops in the region. In the same year, 11 courts of the Azov flotilla entered the Ahtiar Bay, where the city of Sevastopol was laid later.

Flagship Ship "Moscow" in 2018 left Sevastopol for planned repairs

Today, the vice-admiral Osipov I.V. is commanded by the sea forces. The number is 25,000 sailors and officers. The headquarters is based in Sevastopol. It is part of the Southern Military District. Currently, the troops are waiting for the suppliers of ships. The flagship of Chernomorstsev is the "Moscow" rocket cruiser. The composition also includes:

• diesel submarines of the type "Warshavyanka", which perfectly showed itself in a combat operation in Syria;
• large landing ships of projects 775, 1171;
• traders and anti-submarine ships and others.

By 2022, the small rocket ship "Kozelsk" will be supplied, five patrol vessels, fuel tankers.

The headquarters of Tof is located in Vladivostok, he commands Admiral S.I. Avkianz. The composition includes:

• flagship of the project 1164, Cruiser "Varyag";
• anti-submarine ships of the project 1155;
• squaded Mission;
• corvetts;
• small rocket and anti-submarine courts, etc.

The main task is to ensure the safety of the Russian Federation in the Pacific Ocean. According to the results of the inspection of 2017, the Pacific Association is recognized as the best in combat training.

Rocket Cruiser "Varyag" in the Mediterranean Sea

The first exit to the sea of \u200b\u200bRussian ships from the Far East belongs to the XVII century. In 1716, the port was founded in the Okhotsk, which was a shipbuilding basis. The first researcher of the eastern shores and the nearest territories was the Cossack Ivan Moskvitin. Later, the route began to use Siberian merchants who traded the fur.

Today, the composition of the fleet is upgraded and replenished.

Twice the red-known Baltic fleet

Based in Kaliningrad twice red-known BF has an important strategic value. Commander - Admiral Nosatov A.M. The first ship was laid in 1703 by order of Peter I and wore the name "Standard". The base was considered kronstadt.

Squaded Mission "persistent"

The history of the BF knows hundreds of victory battles. The current state is a major association, which includes both coastal and ship forces and sea aviation. Flagship - Mission "persistent".

The BF is actively interacting with the forces of North, 33,200 people are held here.

Caspian Flotilla

In Astrakhan under the command of the counter-admiral S.M. Pinchuk is based flotilla on closed Caspian Sea. This is the most powerful association of this area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility. The composition includes:

• watchman;
• small combat boats;
• landing and large combat boats;
• trawers.

Powerful Caspian Flotilla

In the zone of the Caspian Sea, there is a terrorist threat, so fighters should always be ready. 85% of flotilla are represented by new technical means. The boats on the air cushion have two bases: in Caspian, in Makhachkala.

The largest fleet

Ocean trade is actively developing, the number of vessels with large displacement is growing: container carriers, tankers and others. With legal registration of the new ship, the port of registry is important. Sailors know well that strict conditions for registration and taxation in their homeland take away a lot of strength, time and means. Therefore, it turned out that the largest trading fleet in the world belongs to Panama.

Panama

A small state in America owns the Panama Canal and does not build large vessels. At the same time, Panama is the owner of a huge fleet. It's all about the "convenient flag". When registering the vessel in Panama, the owner pays a small tax and can gain a team for a little money. Often registration is issued online. Initially, the Panama flag was chosen by American vessels who wanted to sell alcohol passengers during the dry law. If in 2005 the number of ships Panama reached 4688, then the number today exceeded 9000.

Panama flag turned out to be the most convenient for commercial and passenger ships of the whole world.

Liberia

Liberia took advantage of the Panama example and began to provide simplified registration. The fact that the number of trading flotilla will grow, said long ago. Liberia is one of the poorest states of the world, important articles of its income is to use a "convenient flag".

In the world, incidents occur with the participation of ships under the flag of Liberia

China

China strengthens its position on the sea. The number of trading operations in the quiet and Indian oceans is growing. The shipbuilding sector is controlled by the state. The industry's growth was noted in 1999. Today, the total tonnage of China exceeds 170 gross-tons.

China owns the world's largest tanker-rudoosis

Japan

After 2010, the increase in the cargo transportation of Japan was noted. The number of ships under the flag of the country increased from 673 to 2070 units. The main route runs out in the Pacific Ocean.

A large number of orders for the construction of vessels performs Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Singapore

The fifth place of the list occupies the economic leader of Southeast Asia, Singapore. The number of dry cargoers, tankers, container carriers, refrigerators increases annually. Reason for registration in Singapore - the convenience of the flag. It is noteworthy that even those who do not have access to the sea Mongolia, Bolivia and Moldova provide maritime registration and have a fleet.

Port of Singapore

conclusions

1. The largest fleet of the world belongs to the United States. It is equipped with 289 units of marine equipment, as well as aviation groups. Five of the best also ship forces of China, Russia, Japan and India.
2. The largest association of the Russian Navy is the Northern Fleet.
3. The largest trading fleet in the world have Panama, Liberia and China.

Within three thousand years in world history there were many fleets. They were built by coastal states, as well as those countries that wanted to expand their military power and territory. Military fleets of different countries often compete with each other. They protect marine borders and role in the world of their countries.

In each period of human history there was the most powerful fleet of his time. Flot power is always relative. For example, the Greek fleet, which he wrote Herodotus as the most powerful, is far from so strong as the US fleet the times of Samuel Eliot Morison. But both of these fleets made a great contribution to the safety of their countries. Each of them was the most powerful fleet of his time. The world was formed around them and accepted the form that we now have.

Greek fleet, when there was the second Persian invasion, was not one of the largest and most famous. But he won the Persian, thereby retained the civilization of the Western world. The Persian Empire was a land power. But she managed to create his fleet from captured vessels of other conquered states. The Phoenicians, Egyptians, Cypriots and Sailors of other Greek cities and countries of Malaya Asia served in her fleet. In total, it was numbered 1207 more three times. But Persians lost 250 ships in front of Salamian during a storm and shootout in Artemisia.

Greek army, under the leadership of Athens and Sparta, collected 381 trill. Although during the Greek fleet was two times less, he was able to apply very tangible losses to the enemy. Persian ships were forced to leave the battlefield. This victory of the Greeks had important results. The Greeks were able to defend the flank of their army. They did not give a fleet of Xerx to bypass them with the help of a marine assault. The second value is the military losses of Persia were very large. Therefore, Xerxes ordered to bring his ships from the battle. Thus, the invasion was stopped.

In the XV century, the Navy of the Chinese fleet was the strongest in the world. They were commanded by Enun-Admiral Jen He. The Chinese fleet committed seven marine trips in the waters of the Indian Ocean and near him. In those days it was the strongest fleet. Then in China was the ruling Ming dynasty. The rulers wanted to ensure the safety of their commercial shipping. Then Chinese technologies in the construction of ships were the most advanced in the world. The Chinese were built three- and four-wing sailing ships. In this they went around Europe for thousands of years.

During the first military expedition in the Chinese flotilla, there were 317 ships, 60 of which were "treasure ships." These were long, 400 feet long, mast ships with 12 sails. There were seven expeditions. They traveled in Southeast Asia, India, African Rog and in the Persian Gulf. But the struggle for the throne in China will eventually lead to the fall of the Ming dynasty. After that, the Chinese fleet will lose its power.

Royal Fleet Great Britain 1815 - 1918

At the end of Napoleonic wars, the Royal Fleet of the British became the largest and powerful in the world. He was the fleet of island power. The content of such a fleet was very important to ensure the safety of sea routes in the overseas colonies of the UK, which were in North America, India, Africa.

At this time there was a period of relative peace all over the world. This fleet consisted of 52,000 ships. He was considered the so-called roof of the world. Its dimensions remained from the calculations of the size of the fleets of two large powers combined. Such superiority provided the UK domination in the World Ocean.

Other powers could not challenge London. During the Crimean War of the United Kingdom, the Black Sea Fleet of Russia was destroyed.

Also, the Royal Fleet also participated in terrestrial military operations in other parts of the world and against pirated robes in North Africa and the South China Sea. He contributed to the opening of new foreign markets in Japan and China.

Before the beginning of the Imperial Fleet of Japan, was the strongest of the world's existing fleets. Japan is also an island power, like the United Kingdom. It is forced to carry oil from the sea and different materials from continental states. This was the Japan for the construction of a major navy. Japanese needed to ensure the safety of their shipping. Before the war, Japan had 10 aircraft carriers and 1,500 pilots.

Also, the Japanese fleet consisted of 12 linear ships and many modern cruisers, destroyers and submarines. Japan had excellent torpedoes. The service composition was well trained. This was shown victories in Malaya, Pearl Harbor and Solomon Islands. But his command took a number of unsuccessful decisions and the inability to quickly replace the battle losses predicted his fate. But until 1941, the fleet of Japan was one of the most powerful fleets of that time.

US Navy won a lot of victories between the quiet and Atlantic Oceans. In the Pacific Ocean, he dismissed the territory from the Japanese occupation from the Philippines to Solomon Islands. And in the Atlantic Ocean, he was responsible for softening the threat of submarines, and also committed invasion of North Africa, Italy, France. After joining the Second World War and defeat at Pearl Harbor, the Americans began to strengthen their fleet. They repaired their ships and replaced new ones.

US Navy rose from 790 vessels that had in 1941, up to 6768 ships to August 1945. On his armament there were six divisions with marine infantrymen. Many passed with the battles from Guadalkanla to Okinawa. As a result of this, the strengthening of the US Navy almost never lost marine battles, starting in 1942. The Japanese fleet under such an NATO is strongly exhausted. The Japanese surrendered in August 1945. At the end of World War II, US Navy was already the strongest in the world.