Guskova Marina Vladimirovna Deputy Head of the Education Quality Assessment Department, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Education. Blatnoe place Excerpt from the book "Cattle on the floor"
Basic general education Secondary general education Higher professional education - training of scientific personnel Higher professional education - master's program Higher professional education - bachelor's degree Secondary vocational education Primary general education Preschool education State final certification and state monitoring State accreditation State quality control Licensing control State assessmentLicensing Assessment forms State procedures Independent assessment of the quality of education Public assessment of the quality of education Professional public accreditation educational programs Certification of professional qualifications Participation in international research, use of international experience CLASSIFICATION OF FORMS OF EDUCATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Public and professional accreditation of the quality of vocational education Certification of professional qualifications Public rating of the quality of the implementation of the EPP Accreditation of the EPP by international agencies INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Consideration of the results of an independent assessment in state procedures
INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION Public accreditation of organizations engaged in educational activities Recognition of the level of activity of organizations engaged in educational activities, criteria and requirements FORMS: PURPOSE: Professional and public accreditation of educational programs Recognition of the quality and level of training of graduates of organizations engaged in educational activities that meet professional requirements Assessment activities of organizations engaged in educational activities Formation of ratings of organizations engaged in educational activities
Independent assessment of the quality of vocational education External assessment Internal assessment 1.Public assessment of vocational education 2.Professional assessment of the quality of vocational education 3.Public accreditation of the quality of vocational education 4.Public and professional accreditation of the quality of vocational education 5.Rating of educational institutions, vocational education programs 1.Internal monitoring and assessment of the quality of vocational education 2. Rating of vocational education programs INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 6 The federal law"On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts Russian Federation in order to grant associations of employers the right to participate in the development and implementation of state policy in the field of vocational education” from the Federal Law Agreement on Cooperation between the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and Russian Union Industrialists and Entrepreneurs dated June 25, 2007 “P. 3. Employers' associations: ... form, together with the federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, the federal executive body that exercises the functions of control and supervision in the field of education and science, a system of independent quality assessment vocational education". Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 24, 2008 N 1015 On the approval of the Rules for the participation of associations of employers in the development and implementation of state policy in the field of vocational education:
8 Development and testing of models of expert and methodological support for the assessment and certification of qualifications within the framework of the FTsPRO (the goal is state support for the launch of the system, development of methods and procedures in priority areas) Activity 8.1 Creation of a network of expert and methodological centers for the system of independent assessment and certification of qualifications in high-tech sectors of the economy based on a typical model Development of methodological approaches to the formation and operation of a network of expert and methodological centers and centers for assessment and certification of qualifications, coordination of their activities Development and testing of models of centers for certification of professional qualifications and an expert and methodological center (in areas) In the nuclear industry In the industry railway transport In the metallurgy industry In the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries In the nanoindustry industry In the mechanical engineering industry In the field of tourism and service In the field of jurisprudence In the pedagogical field In the aviation industry In the field of informatics and computer technology In the oil and gas processing industry In the rocket and space industry In the energy industry In the automotive industry MBA, MPA In the field of personnel management Documents, infrastructure, trained personnel (updating or new development), methods, evaluation tools, register of experts Toolkit and procedures for debugging and functioning of the SYSTEM as a whole Measuring tools in accordance with the requirements of professional standards for the procedures for assessing and certification of qualifications Monitoring and forecasting the needs of the professional community in the certification of professional qualifications of specialists and graduates of educational institutions The system for recognizing certificates received by graduates of educational institutions of vocational education and the Federal segment information database on the activities of expert and methodological centers and centers for assessment and certification Monitoring and expert and methodological support of forms development of a system for certification of professional qualifications, development and approbation of an accreditation system for certification centers for professional qualifications
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION RUSSIAN UNION OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENTREPRENEURS Public and State Council Employers, their organizations and associations Rosatom UAC Soyuzmash Avtoprom ….. …. Russian Railways JSC Subjects of the Russian Federation Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3 Subject 4 ….. …. Subject 5 Network of certification centers for qualifications and expert and methodological centers Implement the process of certification of qualifications Network of certification centers for qualifications and expert and methodological centers Implement the process of certification of qualifications Consideration in state procedures ROSOBRNADZOR database maintenance ROSOBRNADZOR Monitors the professional qualifications of specialists and graduates on the principles of objectivity, reliability ...., the formation and maintenance of a database Prof. standards Prof. standards Recommendations on GEF
Determination of the system development strategy; use of the results of the system's activities in the development of legal documents, the formation of state programs; participation in the selection and audit of the activities of the centers - determining the strategy for the development of the system; - formation of general requirements for the functioning of the centers; - organization of competitive selection of EMC, selection of TsOSK; - determination of the development strategy for the regional segments of the system; - use of the results of the system's activities in the development of legal documents, the formation of regional programs; - participation in the selection and audit of TsOSK for regional and interregional industry clusters - determination of the system development strategy; - participation in the selection and audit of centers in areas (industries); - development by prof. standards - customers and consumers of assessment and certification services; - feedback on certification procedures - implementation of procedures for assessment and certification of qualifications; - issuance of certificates - consulting and methodological support of TsOSK; - development of procedures, methods and evaluation tools; - training of experts in assessment and certification of qualifications; - expert participation in the selection and audit of TsOSK State executive bodies of the Russian Federation ROSOBRNADZOR Associations of employers: - all-Russian (all-Russian, intersectoral, sectoral); - interregional (intersectoral and sectoral); - regional (regional, intersectoral and sectoral) Professional communities Public-State Council (PSC) Center for Assessment and Certification of Qualifications (COSK) - Expert Methodological Centers (EMC) by industry, area of activity Applicants Vocational education institutions Regional government bodies Organizational and functional scheme of the network of EMC and COSC centers Leading companies in the industry (Employers) - providing resources and services for assessment; - customers and consumers of assessment and certification services; - participation in the work of the commissions of the TsOSK; - feedback on certification procedures - audit centers; - organizing the provision of uniform forms of documents; - maintaining the register of the System (registries of issued certificates and databases) basic organization - using the results of the system's activities in assessing the quality of prof. education, the formation of recommendations on the Federal State Educational Standards and educational programs; in government procedures, in the development of regulatory documents, the formation of state programs Companies in the industry (Employers)
For which Rossotrudnichestvo "merges" Tatyana Mishukovskaya.
This happens - departmental reforms have not yet begun, and the first victims of the coming upheavals are already evident. Thanks to the growing pressure of public opinion, weighed down by the same close supervision of regulatory authorities, a radical reform of the entire foreign apparatus is coming in Rossotrudnichestvo.
There have been too many accusations of nepotism and, at times, outright corruption associated with the non-transparent process of filling vacancies in the agency's foreign offices. First of all - in "thieves' points", that is, in the countries of Western Europe.
Opacity and protectionism in Rossotrudnichestvo flourished even when the department was called Roszarubezhtsentr. But today's system of nepotism in foreign missions has acquired its finished features with the appearance at the helm of Rossotrudnichestvo of the former Russian ambassador to Uzbekistan, Farit Mukhametshin. The same one who today is completing his embassy term in Moldova, having flunked all the work there through the Foreign Ministry. So, it is with Mukhametshin that the very scandalous activities of the current representative of the Federal Agency in Austria, Tatyana Mishukovskaya, are connected.
Everything around you
Extremely mutually beneficial cooperation between Mukhametshin and Mishukovskaya began back in Uzbekistan - this is confirmed by former employees of the Roszarubezhcenter, who were responsible for monitoring the work of the foreign apparatus. Having secured the signature of the ambassador, Mishukovskaya, as the head of the representative office of Roszarubezhtsentr, wrote off some "amounts of funds" provided to her from extrabudgetary funds for various events. Naturally, such tricks could not continue for a long time, and once in Moscow they doubted the transparency of Mishukovskaya's spending. Thus, an audit of the financial activities of the representative of Roszarubezhtsentr in Uzbekistan was appointed.
But somehow that scandal was hushed up. And with the accession of the former Russian ambassador to Uzbekistan in Rossotrudnichestvo, Ms. Mishukovskaya’s career went uphill altogether - she was appointed head of the department of international humanitarian cooperation and Russian centers Science and Culture Federal Agency. All appointments of the heads of foreign missions of Rossotrudnichestvo passed through her. At the same time, Mishukovskaya shocked expert circles with her famous phrase: “We don’t need analysts, we need performers.” Mishukovskaya allegedly uttered this maxim in response to a proposal to focus the work of Rossotrudnichestvo on promoting the idea of Eurasian integration in the CIS countries and, above all, in Ukraine.
Subsequently, already under the new head of the Federal Agency, Konstantin Kosachev, the direction of Eurasian integration was recognized as a priority for the work of the department, but this, I remember, had no effect on Mishukovskaya's career. The system does not punish its own.
To work without language
Nevertheless, a change in departmental priorities forced Mukhametshin, Mishukovskaya's patron, to find another place for her. So Mishukovskaya ended up in Vienna - there she headed the Austrian representative office of Rossotrudnichestvo. It is noteworthy that neither Mukhametshin nor the leadership of the personnel department of the Federal Agency were embarrassed by the fact that the newly arrived representative of Russia in Vienna, according to my information, could not pass the exam at the Higher Foreign Language Courses of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (VKIA MFA) in order to receive a certificate of knowledge of at least one foreign language. And only four months later, Mishukovskaya received from the VKIA MFA a certain certificate of knowledge of “oral German” (not a certificate - this document has an extremely well-thought-out system for recording issuance to avoid possible fakes). The case is unprecedented, previously not noted in the practice of VKIA.
In fact, a person who simply did not meet the qualification requirements of the Russian Foreign Ministry was entrusted with leading the Russian humanitarian policy in Austria. But the system always promotes its own! Of course, the former leadership of Rossotrudnichestvo could not have been unaware of this scandalous situation, but ... Mishukovskaya's service contract in Austria was continually extended, although this violated all the provisions of the rotation order in the system of foreign representations of the Federal Agency. Either by accident or not, but after another change of leadership in Rossotrudnichestvo, information appeared in the press that renewing the contract of a representative in a “criminal point” could cost about 25 thousand dollars.
Six years instead of four
Mishukovskaya sat in her chair even after the Federal Agency had a new head, Lyubov Glebova, a former senator and ex-head of Rosobrnadzor, who declared the fight against nepotism and corruption in the Federal Agency system a priority of her activity. The task, you see, is more than relevant. And what, Mishukovskaya was offered to leave her post? Nothing happened: in the middle of this year, the new head of the department extended her service contract! Despite the fact that this will be the sixth (!) year of Mishukovskaya's stay in Austria, and according to the rotation order, the maximum period is only four years. Was the system stronger than the new head of the Federal Agency? It looks like it.
You ask: is it worth paying so much attention to any one representative of the department, even if it is very significant from the point of view of Russian foreign policy? But the problem is that the situation with the representative of Rossotrudnichestvo in Austria is typical for the entire system of the Federal Agency. It’s just that for a number of reasons, the out of the ordinary situation with Mishukovskaya has already become public, and now the leadership of the Federal Agency is trying in every possible way to distance itself from it. There are too obvious violations of all regulatory rules! But what will happen to other representatives who have “rubber terms” for staying abroad, often despite their dubious professional qualifications?
P.S. After the publication of "Our Version" about the problems of the Moldovan representative office of Rossotrudnichestvo, its head Valentin Rybitsky was dismissed from his post. It is gratifying that the leadership of the department heard us. We hope it's not the last time.
SPECIFICALLY
It's no secret that the Russian soft power"is in a deep pen and this state of affairs is largely due to the defiantly low qualification of foreign personnel of Rossotrudnichestvo. I would very much like to hear from the leadership of the Federal Agency how it intends to overcome this critical situation.
The main scientific provisions formulated by the author on the basis of the research:
1. The results of the analysis of the history of the development of the theory and methodology of evaluation allow us to distinguish a number of stages: I (60-70s of the XX century) - the central place is given to the paradigms of positivism and post-positivism, and measurements at the quantitative level prevail in the evaluation processes; II (80s of the twentieth century) - constructivism and its characteristic qualitative dimensions dominate; III (90s of the XX century) - there is a formation of a bi-paradigm methodology of evaluation based on the philosophical roots of pragmatism and the widespread ideas of transformism; IV (2000-2010) - management theory and decision-making theory were included in the methodological foundations of evaluation. The beginning of a new fifth period in 2011 in the development of evaluation is proposed to be correlated with the introduction of innovative interpretations of epistemology, ontology and methodology, revealed by the author of the study in the context of the evolution of ideas about the quality of education results in the 21st century, as well as the biparadigm methodology of measurements in education.
Based on the analysis carried out, it can be argued that many processes in educational systems ah can be explained by identifying conceptual constructs and evaluating them based on a biparadigm measurement methodology. Educational actions are not separate individual acts, but represent an “intersubjective” structure that should be taken into account when building models of evaluation. The goals of the educational process are also considered as conceptual constructs and become the subject of analysis in evaluation along with the criteria for the effectiveness of educational activities that are adequate to the modern tasks of modernizing education.
2. At the present stage of development of the scientific apparatus of pedagogy, it is necessary to turn to the bi-paradigm methodology of evaluation, which should be understood as a system of principles, methods of functioning and forms of scientific organization of theoretical and practical activities in a combination of quantitative and qualitative levels of evaluation of objects of evaluation, as well as the doctrine of this system , laying the scientific basis for integrating the results of evaluation in the management of the quality of education.
An obligatory condition that determines the efficiency of using evaluation data in decision-making in education quality management is the application of the theory of generalization, which provides a methodological basis for assessing the reliability of the evaluation components and making decisions when generalizing the evaluation results obtained from a sample set of objects to wider populations of objects within the framework of programs and projects of education modernization.
The methods developed in the study for collecting, analyzing and interpreting evaluation data based on a set of balanced indicators of the quality of education, models and their designs for combining quantitative and qualitative levels of multi-stage measurements, Item Response Theory models and level scales for integrating quantitative and qualitative data are most adequate to the requirements biparadigm methodology of evaluation and contribute to solving the problems of modernization of domestic education.
3. For the scientific organization of evaluation, it is necessary to take into account a number of generally accepted principles that have received in this study innovative interpretation: the principle of scientific character (reliance on the modern scientific basis of pedagogical science, the theory of pedagogical measurements, the theory of managerial decision-making, the theory of generalization), the principle of high objectivity and validity of managerial decisions (reliability and validity of results, completeness of the set of education quality indicators, standardization of measurements, metaevaluation), the principle of relevance (obtaining information that is authentic to the dominant interpretations of the quality of education and adequate to the needs of the education quality management system, data structuring for various levels of management, mandatory analysis of contextual factors), as well as a number of specific principles governing the need to combine qualitative and quantitative levels of research in evaluation, optimization of evaluation functions while minimizing labor and financial costs, control of the variance of the observed measurement results, erroneous components and external variance and, brought in by contextual factors, compliance with information security and ethical standards when reporting the results of the evaluation.
4. Evaluation is based on a conceptual logical model developed in the study and of a causal nature that covers all stages and establishes links between them, including mechanisms for implementing evaluation as a mandatory component and determining the development of all evaluation components, describing the processes of their interaction and planned forms of data presentation in the field of short-term and long-term results of programs and projects for the modernization of education. Path diagrams for causal evaluation models make it possible to purposefully track the logical and causal relationship between the stages of the implementation of programs and projects for the modernization of education and help to increase the validity of management decisions while improving the quality of education. The complex system construction of the evaluation model is carried out on the basis of the process approach and is regulated by a number of organizational and didactic requirements, in accordance with which it is necessary:
- consider education as an open system and separate external and internal indicators of the quality of its functioning;
- in the target evaluation model, take into account the results of the program or project and the costs of their implementation;
- activate feedback to correct the state of the educational system under the influence of project effects;
- use a multi-criteria assessment of the quality of education based on a set of indicators, including taking into account contextual factors when assessing the quality of education;
- when evaluating the effectiveness of educational and managerial influences, combine quantitative assessments with qualitative assessments of the behavioral characteristics and upbringing of students, taking into account the influence of contextual factors;
- use a situational approach to the formation of a set of indicators of the quality of education, according to which the level of management dictates the main types of indicators and criteria.
5. To build a logical evaluation model, it is necessary to: collect relevant information regarding the input characteristics and conditions for the implementation of the program or project, formulate the main research problem for the implementation of the evaluation in accordance with the goals of the program or project, select an independent variable, effects and intermediate variables, formulate hypotheses, build the simplest path diagram, and then make it more complex by gradually introducing variables to take into account the multifactorial influence on the effect variable, construct a schematic representation of the evaluation model in the form of interconnected components, create basic descriptive characteristics of the components of the logical model in the form of a table, agree on the logical evaluation model with stakeholders ( program or project developers, management educational organization, students, teachers, etc.).
The required elements of a logical model should be its resources, activities, outputs, outputs and outputs analyzed in terms of contextual factors and the final path diagram.
6. The organizational, pedagogical and technological requirements for the quality of the evaluation components developed in the study, which form the basis of the evaluation standards, are necessary for metaevaluation. Their application will increase the efficiency of education quality management systems. The main requirements include: reliance on the basic methodology of quality management; priority of biparadigm methodology and modern theory measurements; high quality (reliability, validity, authenticity) and predictability of measurement results; use of adequate interpretations of the quality of education results; mandatory consideration of contextual factors; ensuring the comparability of measurement results, taking into account the main trends in the modernization of education, the operationalizability of indicators of the quality of learning outcomes; the predominant orientation of measuring instruments to check the productive level of knowledge and intellectual skills, the use of innovative types of multi-stage meters; compliance of the apparatus used for processing the evaluation data with the characteristics of the distributions of empirical data; standardization of evaluation procedures, stability of scales for displaying the results of pedagogical measurements, representativeness of student samples and a number of requirements for evaluation tools.
Articles in publications included in the register of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
1. Guskova, M.V. Certification of students on the basis of new standards of vocational education /M.V. Guskova//Higher education today.-2011.-№8. - P.10-14 (0.3 p.l.).
2. Guskova, M.V. Evaluation of the process and results of the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standards into the practice of higher professional education / M.V. Guskova // Higher education today.-2011.-No. 9. - P.10-14 (0.3 p.l.).
3. Guskova, M.V. Stages of development of evaluation in education / M.V. Guskova, V.I. Zvonnikov // Economics of education.-2011.-№4. - P.8-13 (0.4 p.l.).
4. Guskova, M.V. The main models for assessing the quality of educational projects / M.V. Guskova / / Alma mater (Higher School Bulletin).-2012.-Vol.2 - P.54-57 (0.3 pp).
5. Guskova, M.V. To the question of the conceptual apparatus of evaluation in education / M.V. Guskova // Philosophy of education.-2012.-№3(42). - P.109-118 (0.6 p.l.).
6. Guskova, M.V. Approaches to the formation of an independent assessment of the quality of vocational education On the question of the conceptual apparatus of evaluation in education / M.V. Guskova, L.N. Glebova // Higher education today.-2012.-№4. - S.2-6 (0.3 p.l.).
7. Guskova, M.V. Historical aspects of the development of evaluation / M.V. Guskova / / Law and the state: theory and practice - M., 2012. - No. 8 (92). - P.139-144 (0.4 p.l.).
8. Guskova, M.V. About the history of the development of tests and contemporary problems ah assessments / M.V. Guskova / / Law and the state: theory and practice - M., 2012. - No. 9 (93). - P.102-106 (0.3 p.l.).
9. Guskova, M.V. Users of the evaluation system in education quality management / M.V. Guskova // Philosophy of education.-2012.-№3(42). - P.109-118 (0.6 p.l.).
10. Guskova, M.V. Modeling in educational evaluation / M.V. Guskova // Proceedings of St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI". -2012. - No. 6. - P.111-116 (0.4 p.p.).
11. Guskova, M.V. Principles of scientific organization of evaluation in education /M.V. Guskova// Bulletin of the Tambov University.-2012.-No. 10 (114). - P.122-129 (0.5 p.l.).
12. Guskova, M.V. Philosophical paradigms and historical stages in the development of evaluation /M.V. Guskova //Values and meanings.-2012.-№6(22).-P.45-56 (0.75p.l.).
13. Guskova, M.V. Quantitative Methods Evaluation data research / M.V. Guskova // Philosophy of education.-2012.-№5(44). -S.186-193 (0.5 p.l.).
14. Guskova, M.V. Certification of qualifications and assessment of the quality of vocational education / M.V. Guskova // Bulletin of the University. - M .: GUU. - 2012. - No. 12. - P. 72 - 77 (0.4 pp).
15. Guskova, M.V. Interaction between employers and universities: yesterday, today, tomorrow. Economics of education / M.V. Guskova, V.I. Zvonnikov.- 2012.-S.60-64 (0.3 pp).
16. Guskova, M.V. Quantitative and qualitative research in educational evaluation /M.V.Guskova //Pedagogy. -2013.-№3. - P.23-30 (0.5 p.l.).
17. Guskova, M.V. Multi-stage models for assessing the competence of managers / M.V. Guskova, A.V. Chelokhyan // Bulletin of the University.- M .: GUU.-2013. - No. 15. - P. 178 - 184 (0.4 p.l.).
18. Guskova, M.V. Structural elements of measures to assess the implementation of innovative programs in vocational education / M.V. Guskova, A.A. Porchesko / / Proceedings of the Southern Federal University. Pedagogical sciences. - 2013. - No. 12. - P. 36-44 (0.6 pp).
19. Guskova, M.V. Estimated-analytical methods in education quality management / M.V. Guskova // Higher education today.-2013.-№2.-P.34-39 (0.4 pp).
Monographs
20. Guskova, M.V. Evaluation in education: monograph / M.V. Guskova. - M: INFRA-M, 2012. - 153s. (9.5 p.l.).
21. Guskova, M.V. Fundamentals of evaluation in education quality management: monograph / M.V. Guskova. - M: INFRA-M, 2014 -204s. (12.75 p.l.).
Scientific and methodological articles in collections, journals
23. Guskova, M.V. On the development of an information-analytical system for recruiting personnel based on RGUPS / M.V. Guskova, V.I. Kolesnikov, N.N. Sukhorukova, O.B. magazine M .: JSC "Russian Railways". - 2006. - No. 6. - P.36-38 (0.2 p.l.).
24. Guskova M.V., New approaches to the process of monitoring the level of competence of graduates of transport universities / M.V. Guskova, O.V. : RGUPS.-2009.-No. 1 (33). - P.80 - 85 (0.3 p.l.).
25. Guskova, M.V. Mathematical justification for assessing the level of training of students in the form of computer testing /M.V. Guskova, V.I. Kolesnikov, M.D. Lindenbaum, R.I. Ostrovsky, A.A. technical journal. - Rostov-on-Don .: RGUPS. - 2009. - No. 39 (35). - P. 135 - 141 (0.5 pp).
26. Guskova, M.V. The problem of the unity of requirements in the system of additional professional education of state civil servants: Sat. works on the problems of additional professional education. /M.V.Guskova, M.B.Chelyshkova.- M.: RUDN.-2012. - Issue 22.-C.24-30 (0.5 p.l.).
27. Guskova, M.V. On the role of pedagogical measurements in the modernization of domestic education / M.V. Guskova // Quality of education. -M.: MFPU "Synergy". -2012. -#6. -S.54-57 (0.3 p.l.).
28. Guskova, M.V. Quality management, efficiency and evaluation. State University of Management / M.V. Guskova, V.I. Zvonnikov. // Bulletin of the University.- M.: GUU.-2014. - No. 18. - P. 115 - 120 (0.4 p.l.).
Abstracts of reports and speeches at scientific conferences and seminars
29. Guskova, M.V. Student detachment of voluntary rescuers of the Rostov State University of Railway Communications / M.V. Guskova, A.V. Konovalov, A.V. Chelokhyan // On the activities of universities in organizing and implementing the educational process in modern conditions: abstracts of the reports of the All-Russian seminar-conference. - Rostov-on-Don: RGUPS, 2001. - P.15-19 (0.3 pp).
30. Guskova, M.V. The system of computer testing of students as a means of improving the quality of specialist training. Automation and telemechanics in railway transport: a collection of reports TransZhAT -2005 / M.V. Guskova. - Sochi: OK DAGOMYS, 2005. - P. 369-374 (0.3 pp).
31. Guskova, M.V. On the issue of improving the quality component of the personnel potential of transport universities. Telecommunication and information technologies in Russian transport: collection of reports of the III International scientific and practical conference "Telecom Trans-2005" / M.V. Guskova, E.R. Goryunova. - Rostov-on-Don: RGUPS, 2005. - P. 430-433 (0.3 p.l.).
32. Guskova, M.V. On the issue of assessing the level of competence formation // Telecommunication and information technologies in Russian transport: a collection of reports of the IV International scientific and practical conference "Telecom Trans-2006" / M.V. Guskova, O.V. Mulenko. - Rostov-on-Don: RGUPS, 2006. - P.83-85 (0.2 pp).
33. Guskova, M.V. On the issue of monitoring the educational process of the university // Quality Management in Education: a collection of reports of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Quality Management in Education" 2008 / M.V. Guskova. - Bryansk: BSTU, 2009. - P. 134-138 (0.3 pp).
34. Guskova, M.V. On the issue of monitoring the competencies of university graduates // The quality of engineering education: Collection of reports of the III International scientific conference"The quality of engineering education (KIO-2009)" 2009 / M.V. Guskova, O.V. Mulenko. - Bryansk: BSTU, 2009. - P.143-145 (0.2 pp).
35. Guskova, M.V. On the issue of improving the quality of the personnel potential of enterprises / M.V. Guskova - M .: MIIT, 2009. - P. 134-138 (0.3 pp).
36. Guskova, M.V. On the formation of a personnel reserve of transport enterprises // Competence approach in education - a successful career of a graduate: Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference / M.V. Guskova, L.I. Ivashchenko. - Rostov-on-Don: SFU, 2009. - P. 51-53 (0.3 p.l.).
37. Guskova, M.V. Development of a quality monitoring system at the university. Transport-2010: Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference: Proceedings. Part 1 / M.V. Guskova, O.V. Mulenko. - Rostov-on-Don: RGUPS, 2010. - P.87-88 (0.1 pp).
38. Guskova, M.V. On the issue of using the evaluation apparatus in the quality management of vocational education // Actual problems of management-2011: materials of the 16th All-Russian scientific and practical conference / M.V. Guskova.- M.: GUU, 2011. - P.235-238 (0 , 3 p.l.).
39. Guskova, M.V. The quality of education will be assessed by independent experts / M.V. Guskova // M.: Expert, 2011 No. 46. P.37. (0.01 p.l.).
40. Guskova, M.V. On the use of the evaluation apparatus in the course of the modernization of vocational education // Innovative development of the Russian economy: materials of the IV International Scientific and Practical Forum / M.V. Guskova. - M.: MESI, 2011. - P. 119-123 (0.3 p l.).
41. Guskova, M.V. Philosophical paradigms in the development of evaluation // Society, economy, man in the era of global change: materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference / M.V. Guskova. - Rostov-on-Don: DSTU, 2012. - P. 276-282 (0, 4 p.l.).
42. Guskova, M.V. Application of the theory of generalization in making managerial decisions in education: collection of scientific papers of the international scientific-theoretical conference October 22, 2012 "Education and pedagogical science in the modernization of Russian society" FGNU ITIP RAO / M.V. Guskova, 2012. Part 1. - P.115-126 (0.75 p.l.).
43. Guskova, M.V. Pedagogical measurements in modern systems ah assessment of the quality of education: a collection of normative, instructive, methodological and information materials "Guarantees for the quality of vocational education" / M.V. Guskova, V.I. Zvonnikov M.: RANEPA, 2012. - S-90-97 (0.5 p .l.).
44. Guskova, M.V. Assessment and certification of qualifications of university graduates as an information basis for establishing cooperation between higher education and the labor market: a collection of normative, instructive, methodological and information materials "Guarantees for the quality of vocational education" / M.V. Guskova .- M .: RANEPA, 2012. - S.27-37 (0.6 p.l.).
45. Guskova, M.V. The role of evaluation in quality management of educational systems: collection of materials of the VIII International Forum: in 2 volumes. / M.V. Guskova, V.I. Zvonnikov. - M .: RANH and GS under the President of the Russian Federation, 2013, 120s. - P.78-95.-v.2 (0.5 p.l.).
46. Guskova, M.V. The role of evaluation in solving modern problems of improving managerial influences on the quality of education: collection of materials "Innovative development of the Russian economy". Innovations and the Russian economy in the context of global economic processes. Part 1. / M.V. Guskova, V.I. Zvonnikov. - M., MESI, 2014, 216s. - P.135-138 (0.3 p.l.).
Recently, our editors received an anonymous letter. It was sent on behalf of employees of the organization Rossotrudnichestvo, who did not indicate their names. The letter, to be honest, is shocking and even frightening! Nevertheless, this message seemed extremely interesting to us, because it concerned both the head of Rossotrudnichestvo, Lyubov Glebova, and the entire organization, which, as you know, is responsible for relations with compatriots abroad.
Probably this letter partly answers the question of why this work on communication with compatriots is still so normal and not built ...
From the text of the letter:
“Recently, in two respected publications, Kommersant and RBC, on July 17 and 18, 2017, surprisingly positive articles were published about the intention of Ms. Glebova L.N. become a member of the Federation Council of the Legislative Assembly of the Russian Federation from the Republic of Udmurtia.
It must be said frankly that for many who know Glebova well, this was a big surprise. Everyone knows with what difficulty she achieved her appointment in 2015 to the position of head of the Federal Agency Rossotrudnichestvo, subordinate to the Russian Foreign Ministry, and what “levers” were involved in this.
It would seem that everything was going fine, but two years later, problems began in Rossotrudnichestvo associated with major financial fraud. So, in March 2017, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation initiated a criminal case under Part 4 of Art. 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Fraud” against Glebova’s adviser in Rossotrudnichestvo L.S. Lazgieva, who, in collusion with several senior employees of the department, created a criminal group (commonly called a gang) to steal budget funds allocated by a state agency for various international programs.
As the investigation showed, the real inspirer and leader of this campaign is Glebova herself. Sooner or later, the competent authorities will collect all the necessary evidence, and the head of the agency will have to answer to the fullest extent of the law.”
So, Glebova is accused of financial abuse by her employees. Agree that these are strong accusations. How justified are they? To understand, let's look at the history of creation Rossotrudnichestvo...
According to official data, “The Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States, Compatriots Living Abroad, and International Humanitarian Cooperation (Rossotrudnichestvo) is a federal executive body of the Russian Federation that performs the functions of providing public services and managing state property in the field of ensuring and developing international relations the Russian Federation with the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States, other foreign states, as well as in the field of international humanitarian cooperation. Under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation "...
Rossotrudnichestvo was established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev dated September 6, 2008 No. 1315:
“In order to improve the efficiency of public administration in the field of international cooperation, I decide:
Rename the Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States into the Federal Agency for the Commonwealth of Independent States, Compatriots Living Abroad and International Humanitarian Cooperation.
The procedure for the creation, functioning and liquidation of representative offices, as well as the work of representatives of Rossotrudnichestvo, is determined by the President of the Russian Federation.
The Agency is the legal successor of such well-known organizations in the recent past as:
— Russian Center for International Scientific and Cultural Cooperation under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia;
— Russian Center for International Scientific and Cultural Cooperation under the Government of Russia (Roszarubezhtsentr);
- Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship (SSOD) and cultural ties with foreign countries;
- All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (VOKS) ...
Theft on a grand scale
For the first time, this structure was widely discussed immediately after the victory of the Euromaidan in Ukraine, when it turned out that proper work with the Russian-speaking population of Ukraine was not really carried out, and the money allocated for this work disappeared nowhere. As a result, Western anti-Russian propaganda prevailed in this country. It was the failure of Rosstorudnichestvo!
A thorough investigation of this whole story in 2015 was conducted by Ruslan Gorevoy, a journalist from the Our Version newspaper. Here is what he found out in particular:
“According to the Ukrainian publication Expert, all last years- before last year's coup in Kyiv - from the Russian federal budget through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Rossotrudnichestvo, etc. Ukrainian compatriots received about 300 million rubles a year. This is one and a half times more than the Soros Foundation spent on Ukrainian programs and almost as much as the entire West spent! Why didn't Russian money go to good use? Maybe because they did not reach the addressees at all?
The Accounts Chamber published another list of violations identified in the Foreign Ministry and Rossotrudnichestvo. Regarding the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the auditors made a sensational conclusion: “The audit showed that violations of accounting and budget legislation were allowed in the accounting policy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Board of the Accounts Chamber decided not to confirm the balance sheet of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (!) as of January 1, 2015 due to the unreliable reflection in the assets of the balance sheet of the value of fixed assets acquired in 2014.
What is it? Rossotrudnichestvo also, as they say, did not succeed: in particular, the audit found that the department “provided unreliable reporting on the implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the state program“ Foreign Policy Activities ”(there are discrepancies by 521 million rubles) ...
Here is the opinion expressed by a rather high-ranking official who worked both in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in Rossotrudnichestvo: for example, some of our centers need 10,000 dollars to organize an event abroad. Several applications are being made, in which this amount appears - 10 thousand. Applications go to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Rossotrudnichestvo and some other "friendly" commercial structures. The final document already contains 40-50 thousand dollars. Guess where the surplus goes. The official tried to write a report, but the top did not react. There doesn't seem to be any financial control at all."
Thus, in Rostrudnichestvo and in the Foreign Ministry there was an open robbery of very considerable funds, which, in theory, should have been used both to support foreign compatriots and to strengthen the position of Russia itself in the CIS countries. About how exactly the theft went, Rusla Gorevoy cited the testimony of Fyodor Miroglov, head of the Russian Observer information and research center (Kazakhstan):
“For four years, at the direction of the curator of work with compatriots, Deputy Foreign Minister of Russia Grigory Karasin, with the mediation of the director of the department for work with compatriots Alexander Chepurin, huge financial resources and other types of Russian support were transferred to the name of a Russian citizen, a resident of St. Petersburg Alexei Lobanov.
Most of these funds all these years went to the implementation of formal projects. At the same time, Kazakh documents were used to receive funds, raising doubts about their authenticity, as well as similar financial and reporting documentation. Real work with compatriots, as required by the tasks set by the state, was not carried out. In my opinion, the schemes of misappropriation and misuse of finances and various kinds support intended for compatriots abroad, ideally fall under a number of articles of the Russian Criminal Code "...
Let us emphasize that this disgrace was going on in Rostrudnichestvo even before Lyubov Glebova came there in the spring of 2015. Therefore, when she was appointed to lead this organization, there was hope that she would fix everything and get things right. However...
A very broad specialist
From the very beginning, this appointment raised puzzled questions. Here is what Alexander Borisov, a journalist of the St. Petersburg Vedomosti publication, wrote about Glebov’s professional biography:
“Lyubov Glebova comes from the city of Arzamas, Nizhny Novgorod region. Here she graduated from the local pedagogical institute in 1981 and received a diploma as a teacher of Russian language and literature. However, she did not work at school for a single day. The energetic student was noticed by the institute Komsomol, and then her career smoothly but progressively rolled along the Komsomol rails - the secretary of the Komsomol committee of the institute, the secretary of the city committee of the Komsomol of the city of Arzamas. In 1987, Lyubov moved to Gorky already to the post of secretary of the Komsomol regional committee for student youth and pioneers. In total, Glebova worked in the youth organization for 11 years and left the walls of the regional committee when the Komsomol completely collapsed. However, while working in the Komsomol, she acquired sufficient managerial experience, and most importantly, the necessary connections. After all, for the past four years she has worked under the leadership of the leader of the Gorky youth, the first secretary of the regional committee of the Komsomol, Sergei Kiriyenko, the future head of the Russian government, popularly nicknamed the “kinder surprise”.
In the early 1990s, their destinies diverged for five years. After the collapse of the Komsomol, Sergei Vladilenovich moved into the banking sector, and Lyubov Nikolaevna took up such a risky but profitable business as organizing a lottery business. However, as soon as Kiriyenko moved to Moscow in 1997, to the chair of the Minister of Fuel and Energy, he signed out a militant Komsomol girlfriend to be his assistant. The close ideological and professional relationship between the two countrymen lasted eight years. During this time, Lyubov Glebova was elected to the State Duma in the Kirienko electoral bloc "Union of Right Forces" (SPS), then in 2001, when Kiriyenko became plenipotentiary in the Volga federal district, she received the position of his deputy. Only in 2005, after Kiriyenko left to “steer” Rosatom, did they part.
Lyubov Nikolaevna, who by this time had gained decent nomenclature experience and had shown her abilities as a manager, did not get lost in the federal corridors of power. She miraculously found herself in the chair of one of the deputies of the then Minister of Health and social development RF Mikhail Zurabov.
A new career leap for Lyubov Glebova happened in 2008, when she was appointed head of the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science (Rosobrnadzor). It was precisely from this year that the Russian public learned about it more fully. The main tasks of Rosobrnadzor were propaganda support for the introduction of the USE and control over its implementation. Lyubov Nikolaevna plunged headlong into the real and controversial case. She became a frequent guest on television and radio, was not afraid to enter into open discussions with opponents of the exam, and after a series of scandals with falsified exam results in 2011, she announced and even prepared a bill to introduce criminal liability for violations of the rules for its conduct. True, the idea did not find support from legislators.
Surprisingly, with such an active and intense activity as head of Rosobrnadzor, she managed to prepare and defend a doctoral dissertation in her native Arzamas Pedagogical Institute and even become a corresponding member of the Academy of Education of the Russian Federation.
After four years of hard work for the benefit of Russian public education, in 2012 she leaves the department and finds herself in a calmer and more comfortable chair as a member of the Federation Council from the Penza region. Before her appointment to Rostrudnichestvo as a senator, she was not remembered for anything special. Unless the general public learned from her property declaration that Lyubov Glebova was in the lead in the list of women senators in terms of income for 2013.
Thus, the real profession of Glebova is always accompanying Sergei Kiriyenko, plus a faithful executor of all his instructions, and the rest is just an application. Sergey Vladilenovich will tell her tomorrow to go to the moon, and she will fly away there without looking and without asking anything. As Alexander Borisov aptly noted:
“Glebova is a woman of a wide profile ... Her appearance at the head of Rossotrudnichestvo is somewhat surprising ... By and large, Lyubov Glebova, except for the fact that in the Federation Council she was an ordinary member of the international committee of the Federation Council, international, and even more so diplomatic affairs was engaged. By their kind new activity she should be not only a crisis manager, but also a kind of humanitarian ambassador of Russia around the world. However, she does not lack fighting spirit, assertiveness and the ability to overcome difficulties in new affairs for herself. However, will these qualities be enough to transform the department entrusted to her from an appendage of the Foreign Ministry into an independent and important unit of Russian diplomacy, that is the question.”
Alas, nothing good really came of this appointment.
In circles?
The well-known international expert Innokenty Adyasov wrote the following about Glebova’s work in 2016:
“The head of the Federal Agency, Lyubov Glebova, sharply accelerated the process of internal reorganization of the department entrusted to her - about 40 percent of the employees were fired, and often, according to the dismissed, they were forced to sign a letter of resignation on own will in order not to pay the due reduction in severance pay.
Also, the appointment of the former head of the administrative department of Rossotrudnichestvo, Sergei Kruppo, as deputy to Lyubov Glebova, caused great bewilderment among the expert community - Kruppo was associated with all sorts of scandals in the foreign apparatus of the federal agency (these facts were quite actively discussed at the relevant forums).”
Thus, the entire Glebov personnel reorganization was reduced to the appointment of their own, and ours, even despite the fact that the new appointees were not very clean-handed. She did nothing in terms of establishing normal work with compatriots. Analyzing one interview with Glebova on this subject, Vlad Krymsky, a journalist with the Our Version newspaper, wrote:
“Just listen to what the head of Rossotrudnichestvo, Lyubov Glebova, says about the current situation in Ukraine. “Now, for example, in the context of the unwillingness of the Ukrainian authorities to make contact with the Russian side, the only official platform in Ukraine where our two nationalities communicate is the representative office of Rossotrudnichestvo. This means that we need to look very carefully at other countries from the point of view of the development of our scientific and cultural centers. How professional personnel work there, whether the material base is attractive, think over the effectiveness of our actions so that we can build relationships on the ground,” she assures. This is not about the fact that the destroyed schools of Donbass need Russian textbooks, which would be nice to help local students in some way (this, by the way, is the direct competence of Rossotrudnichestvo, literally the "bread" of the agency).The speech consists entirely of bureaucratic clichés: “you need to look very carefully” and “the ability to build relationships on the ground.” Lyubov Glebova, are you serious? This is what the department entrusted to your care will be doing?(highlighted by me - V.M.)».
And today there is still a serious suspicion that the former thieves' traditions of Rossotrudnichestvo continued under the new leader.
From the text of the letter to our editors:
“The period of Glebova’s work at Rossotrudnichestvo will be remembered for the degradation of the institution’s international humanitarian work. The focus was on "hard work" to extract personal profit from the agency's many contracts. To implement this strategy, Glebova brought numerous friends and relatives to Rossotrudnichestvo, who do not even hide their unwillingness to engage in foreign policy activities to support compatriots abroad, but only think about personal enrichment at the expense of the state.
As a result, there has been a multiple increase in the number of complaints to various authorities from citizens of the Russian Federation and compatriots abroad about violations and abuses by Russian officials that cause irreparable damage to the image of Russia.
The Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation revealed numerous facts of inefficient spending of budgetary funds, as well as dishonest management and accounting of Russian federal property abroad. During her leadership in Rossotrudnichestvo, Glebova L.P. created a system for attracting to state contracts only those organizations with which there is an agreement on mutual material interest. All relevant documentation for holding tenders by commercial organizations is prepared by its specially assigned employees. These persons maintain direct contact with firms, explain the rules for their participation in tenders, agree on a specific amount of contracts that they must announce during official procedures, try in every possible way to prevent other organizations, their participation is reduced to a formality.
Glebova leads an idle life, as it turned out, at the expense of the state. Has numerous real estate abroad. A modest house in Germany with an area of about 600 square meters, and a villa in Cyprus, apparently, should brighten up the hard life of an official who “gives her all without a trace” to humanitarian projects abroad. This is probably why in 2016 Glebova spent more than 180 days abroad, most of the time, devoting herself to non-diplomatic work.
One small example: Glebova celebrated her birthday not just anywhere, but in Armenia. At the same time, she took her numerous close associates from Rossotrudnichestvo there. For the celebration, the most expensive restaurant in Yerevan was chosen and completely bought out. Part of the funds spent “on a business trip” still cannot be written off by the representative office of Rossotrudnichestvo in Armenia.”
The authors of the letter also write that today Glebova allegedly began to actively invest "earned funds" in the capital's real estate, acquiring two apartments in Moscow at once on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment and 60th Anniversary of October Avenue, and she also allegedly plans to purchase a house in Israel.
According to the authors of the letter, her current intention to leave the position of head of Rossotrudnichestvo is not at all connected with a planned change of leadership, but with corruption scandals. And some interested high-ranking officials are trying to get Glebova out of the criminal case by transferring her as a senator to the Federation Council from the Republic of Udmurtia ...
It is difficult for us to judge how true this information is - let the law enforcement agencies deal with it. And the investigation into the Rostrudnichestvo case is indeed underway today. But here is what I would like to point out.
In many ways, this situation has developed not even through the fault of Glebova, but due to the fact that no proper conclusions were drawn from the activities of her predecessors. So, the materials of the Accounts Chamber, which Ruslan Gorevoy mentioned back in 2015, for some reason did not remain in demand law enforcement- in any case, we still don’t hear about any criminal cases through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Rossotrudnichestvo of the pre-Glebov period. And Glebova's immediate predecessor, Konstantin Iosifovich Kosachev, instead of at least a shameful resignation, became the head of the International Affairs Committee in the Federation Council (which Glebova is now striving for).
Such impunity simply could not but give rise to new thieves' relapses! We repeat once again - let the investigation, and maybe even the court, establish the degree of Glebova's guilt in these relapses! In any case, we really hope for just such a finale, which should dot all the i. Because if everything ends up in a legal flurry again and all the guilty scatter to new warm places, we will not only completely lose Rostrudnichestvo as an important organization for conducting foreign policy, but we will generally destroy normal ties with our foreign compatriots - with all the unfortunate consequences that follow from this .. .
Vladimir Maksimov, especially for the "Ambassadorial order"
P.S. As an application, we want to cite an excerpt from the book "Cattle on the Floor". Book author - Tatyana Poloskova, international political scientist, former employee of Rossotrudnichestvo. This passage shows very well the morals that prevail in this organization. Tatyana worked in the structure even before Glebova. But, I think, little has changed there since then ... Alas!
An excerpt from the book "Cattle on the floor"
My working day at the Roszarubezhtsentr at the Russian Foreign Ministry (now Rossotrudnichestvo) began with the fact that at a meeting I asked the employees of the departments of the CIS and Baltic countries about what news had happened in the states “supervised” by them? Not for the last day, but at least for a month. There was silence in response.
I had to give them a list of news agencies that they had to read, since newspapers were not recognized on principle. And periodically arrange political information. When asked during the meetings to name the leaders of these states, the Russian ambassadors, an indistinct murmur began, turning into a displeased rumble. I remember the reaction of the head of the department of the Baltic countries to my question “which parties in Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania protect the rights of the Russian-speaking population”? (2008 was on the threshold): “Don’t give me exams here!”
I had to send on a business trip to Latvia and Estonia for a week. And forced to work with compatriots. They went to the Baltics willingly. What can not be said about the CIS countries. In response to an offer to go to work in Belarus as a cultural adviser, an aging representative of the “golden youth” of the 1980s mumbled plaintively: “For what? There is no sea!
Returning from long business trips to the CIS countries, representatives of Roszarubezhtsentr and the ex-director of the Russian Centers for Science and Culture fell into an alcoholic hibernation upon arrival. I had to hire a young lawyer who began his career as a security officer at Moscow State University, where he studied in absentia. His main task was to disperse the evening cabals. And carry especially valuable shots on your hands to a taxi. It was useless to talk about political topics related to the CIS and the Baltic states, since the people responsible for this did not have information and did not try to delve into what was happening there. The main task was to end up in the central office, to survive the impoverished and hungry time, because the salary was only enough for what was necessary, and to go abroad on a long business trip.
Eleonora Mitrofanova, head of the Roszarubezhtsentr when I was at work, tried to say words that were strange to the ears of its old employees: “expertise, political analysis, work with non-governmental organizations, creation of network projects.” She even created a division to work with NGOs. The people listened, and on the sidelines they giggled: “This must be thought of! Here I am, when I worked in Bangladesh in the 60s, I brought a truckload of books and distributed them to the natives! No creativity!"
“And I…” echoed another, “leaving Baku, where I headed the representative office of Roszarubezhtsentr, I spent an evening in my honor “Farewell, Baku, I won’t see you again”! I found the mattress on which Yesenin slept, so the center refused to give money to fix it!
In general, the topic of money for projects in the CIS countries and especially repairs was inexhaustible. For example, the director of the Russian cultural center in Astana, through a long butt, knocked out money for a powerful lawn mower. Nuance: Astana is a bare steppe, and there was no lush vegetation on the territory of the Embassy and the Russian representative office of Roszarubezhtsentr.
But the final point in relation to work was put by the deputy head of the department for work with compatriots of Roszarubezhtsentr, who in 2008, shrugging his shoulders, summarized: “All our work is a sham. The main thing is to leave as soon as possible and not come back! ”... And he hasn’t returned for 7 years, smoothly moving from one country to another. However, people from the CIS and the Baltic states, nevertheless, more often return to Russia.
The exception is the former representative of Rossotrudnichestvo in Tajikistan, who remained after the end of his business trip for permanent residence, first there, and then moved to Baku. What can not be said about the far abroad. In Spain, over the past 9 years, two representatives of Roszarubezhtsentr (Rossotrudnichestvo) have remained permanently resident. For what services to the NATO country they received residence permits and the opportunity to do business there is a mystery. But such incidents are not uncommon. As well as the acquisition of real estate abroad during a long business trip abroad.
A year ago, Argentine lawyers showed me a certificate of Russian diplomats who applied for a residence permit. I'd rather not see her. After viewing this document, I lost faith in humanity!
2008 Panic reigned in the corridors of Roszarubezhtsentr: “They are dispersing! It is necessary to sit quietly, then they will not be touched. God forbid something change!
year 2014. The situation is the same in the corridors of Rossotrudnichestvo. “Compared to 2008, there is now a complete lack of information about what is happening with the organization and around it. There was an inspection by the prosecutor's office at the end of 2013. Employees are not informed about this. As well as the results. What happened, what our shortcomings are, no one knows. And God forbid ask a question on this topic to someone from the authorities. A conspiracy of silence, like in the Sicilian mafia. Now the organization is being checked by specialized divisions of the Presidential Administration - they also do not bring any information to us. Maybe something needs to be changed? Or someone? I would have to endure it, but go on a business trip, ”a personnel worker of Roszarubezhtsentr (Rossotrudnichestvo) shares his impressions in a private conversation over a cup of coffee ...
In 2008, I wrote to the FSB a statement against the Deputy Director of the Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, who extorted a kickback from me for a budget grant allocated, allegedly with his assistance. After that, I went through all the procedures of interrogations, face-to-face confrontations, pressure on my then terminally ill husband, an employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, by some of his colleagues (which I have not forgotten and am not going to forget). And the court, at which the accused pleaded guilty and received a three-year suspended sentence for active cooperation with the investigation. What struck me most then was that the leadership of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs not only did not take any measures to deal with the deputy minister who “protected” the convict and is now alive, but also expressed a lack of understanding why I violated the corporatism of the organization.
In fact, the corporatism of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the structures around the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is as much a myth as the firm conviction of the majority of career diplomats that there is no life outside the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Elderly ex-employees of Roszarubezhtsentr (who, when they were directors of Russian centers of science and culture in Germany or Austria, did not let their compatriots on the doorstep, or talked to them through their lips) are now working in humanitarian funds on Smolenskaya Square. And, apparently, with internal disgust "provide legal support to compatriots." In fact, everything is simple: what to do is not important, just to stay in the usual corridors. After all, “there is no life outside the Foreign Ministry”!
And “corporatism” is a myth because when the main task of an employee of Roszarubezhcenter (Rossotrudnichestvo) was and remains to travel abroad to work in the Russian embassy and stay there as long as possible, then colleagues, by definition, are not perceived as partners in a corporation. And as competitors, and even enemies. The change of representatives of Roszarubezhtsentr (and now Rossotrudnichestvo) rarely took place and is painless. The offended representative, who (what a nightmare!) after 10 years of sitting somewhere in Europe, and even better in Africa (there is a villa and servants, including a gardener), was requested to return to his homeland, is making tremendous efforts to do not surrender the fortress to the enemy without a fight. Not to meet a changer at the airport and make him run around with things in search of a phone (a real case in Greece), write anonymous letters on him, accusing him of all mortal sins (no less a real story in Poland and not only) - these are still childish pranks.
As heavy artillery, letters are launched from compatriots to the administration of the President of Russia demanding the return of the sent. Departing person destroys lists of partners in humanitarian cooperation: there were cases when hard drives in computers were destroyed.
But I was personally finished off by a story when the deputy representative of Roszarubezhtsentr in one warm country, who was on friendly terms with me, came to me, the head of the department, in 2008, and said: “I don’t know how to remove the representative. Can poison? I imagined him in a cap and a nightgown, stalking down the corridor of the embassy colony with a vial with the inscription "poison" and shouted: "Not this!"
Corporatism in the system of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is understood as loyalty to the authorities, on the verge of sycophancy (but for now, the boss is needed). And a strict requirement on the part of the management not to allow negative and critical statements about the work of the structure outside of it. However, this cannot be done inside the structure either. Such a “country of smiles” after a while begins to negatively affect the psyche. Examples of which are also countless. Alcoholism, moral licentiousness, and, for some time now, drug addiction are by no means a rare occurrence in Russian missions abroad. I do not at all consider myself a strict zealot of morality, but I understand that a diplomat - an alcoholic, drug addict, homosexual, a lover of gambling establishments and a visitor to brothels - is an easy target for recruitment. Why the bosses of such comrades do not understand this - I do not know.
For a representative of Rossotrudnichestvo sent abroad, the arbiter of his fate is not the authorities in Moscow, and not success in work. And even more so, not the opinion of compatriots about his work. Mr. Ambassador is the only guarantor for a seconded worker that he will not be recalled ahead of time and will be given money for events from the treasury of the embassy. Contrary to popular belief that earlier Roszarubezhtsentr, and now Rossotrudnichestvo distribute funds to support compatriots, in fact, these funds in the host country are at the disposal of the ambassador. And reporting on the expenditure of these funds is by no means carried out according to generally accepted legislative norms, but according to internal departmental instructions.
It depends on the goodwill of the ambassador: whether a representative of Rossotrudnichestvo will be able to hold some kind of event for compatriots at all. Or you will have to look (in a foreign country!) for sponsors. Which, as you know, just do nothing. It depends on the goodwill of the ambassador: whether the work of the representative for the benefit of the Fatherland will be appreciated, or whether he will be made a scapegoat at internal embassy meetings. Personally, I was always amazed at how adult, intelligent, hard-working men endure bullying by a presumptuous and not always sober subject in an embassy uniform.
The situation in the embassy always depends on the personality of the ambassador. If the ambassador works and keeps discipline, then the team works. But ambassadors are also different: professionals and amateurs, teetotalers and chronic alcoholics. There is even - oh horror! - lovers of other people's wives. And sometimes you have to endure this in the struggle for the embassy corner. There are ambassadors for whom it is simply a shame, including subordinates. But, apparently, the leadership of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is not ashamed.
In general, it is difficult to maintain real corporatism in an environment where people can live next door for years while on a business trip and never visit each other. Not accepted. Where to ask for help means "get addicted." Where no one will just try to enter the "inner circle". And, frankly, where families are often nominal.
In 2006, a doctor, a young lady who ended up in the Russian embassy in the Central Asian republic with her military husband and had never before encountered the embassy, spoke not only about chronic drunkenness and cases of venereal diseases from local prostitutes. (Before the appointment of an ambassador there - a "tough family man" - prostitutes were on duty in the evenings right in front of the embassy (most of the diplomatic staff arrived without their wives). But also the facts of beatings in families, and such when the battered wife of a diplomat simply could not help but seek help from a doctor. And nevertheless, women are rushing abroad, clinging to any work at the embassy there.So they do not like Russia?Or do they love their husbands so much?
Four years ago, a young employee of the Russian Embassy in one of the Latin American countries received a severe spinal injury. It was decided to send him for treatment to Russia, with a transplant in Havana. The young wife refused to accompany her husband. She explained her refusal by the fact that she has a job at the embassy, and she does not want to lose it. I was told a lot about examples when wives do not visit seriously ill husbands-diplomats in the hospital of the Russian Foreign Ministry, where, by the will of fate, I had a chance to visit more than once. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has known about divorces from sick husbands who are prohibited from traveling abroad since Soviet times. It is difficult to talk about corporatism when it is not even at the level of family relations.
And, finally, a striking example of "corporate" behavior was the situation during the reformation of Roszarubezhtsentr into Rossotrudnichestvo. Personnel employees of the organization, who worked in the Union of Soviet Friendship Societies during the Soviet era, said that they had not encountered more disgusting behavior of their colleagues before. The decision to transfer an employee from Roszarubezhcenter to Rossotrudnichestvo was made at an interview conducted by Farid Mukhametshin, appointed head of the organization.
It was clear that they would not leave everyone, and a fierce struggle began for a place in the sun. Heads of departments settled scores with objectionable people. Not everyone was generally warned about being called for an interview, and people simply did not get to the authorities. Two deputy heads of the department, having learned that there were only two positions of deputies in the new grid, on the sly from the third, sat down at the reception of the head. We dived through the door at the first opportunity. And when they returned, they said that the vacancies were filled and a colleague could pack things.
The only person who dared then ask Mukhametshin a question, and according to what criteria people were fired and appointed, was the recently hired secretary Anechka. The reasons for the dismissal were not explained. As a result, the selection criteria are still not clear to anyone. Why, for example, an experienced leader who had shown himself heroically in Afghanistan was fired, and a person who suffered from chronic alcoholism, who before these events had undergone a six-month course of treatment in a psychiatric dispensary, was left in leadership work. And later he was sent by a representative of Rossotrudnichestvo abroad, and from there he was recalled in disgrace after the publication of indecent photos in the local media at an official event.
It should be noted that at the very first meeting in Rossotrudnichestvo, “competent comrades” gave Mukhametshin figures - the amount of bribes for a trip abroad. "Ugliness! Stop immediately!" Mukhametshin ordered, narrowing his eyes unkindly. However, no real steps were taken. Apparently, corporatism got in the way.
The same corporatism prevented in early 2008 from figuring out why people in the civil service were not paid salaries for several months. On the eve of the reorganization of Roszarubezhtsentr, who and why scrolled budget money. Some of those who ignored corporatism wrote a statement to the prosecutor's office, which made the then leadership at the meeting say: "How dare they"! Indeed, how a dumb beast could raise his voice in his defense! The question is then: so who is the real "cattle on the floor"? Those who are not considered people, or those who lead them?
The same corporatism, apparently, prevented the recall of a representative of Rossotrudnichestvo - a drug addict from a business trip and expecting him to return, accompanied by security officers, in a pressure chamber, in a state of drug coma. The same corporatism now prevents employees of Rossotrudnichestvo from clearly explaining to taxpayers, on whose money they live, the check that law enforcement agencies conducted in their organization ended somehow.
In recent months, especially after the failure of Russian foreign policy in Ukraine, there has been active talk in the corridors of power about the purge of the Russian Foreign Ministry and the reform of Rossotrudnichestvo.
To be honest, I don't believe in it. The metastases have gone too far. But if this happens, then it really won’t get any worse!
Table 1
Production indexes Agriculture by categories of farms (in comparable prices; in % to the previous year)
Indicator Years
1996 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Including: agricultural enterprises (organizations) 95.1 108.8 97.8 98.8 101.1 103.6 105.2 100.3 104.1
Household households 95.6 100.3 91.9 90.5 97.1 100.4 95.0 97.2 100.0
Peasant farms and individual entrepreneurs 108.2 98.6 110.4 84.5 107.3 112.5 125.7 100.8 106.0
increased from 0.8% in 2000 to 1.1% in 2009. In general, in terms of growth rates of agricultural products over the past eight years, when agro-industrial production has entered a positive growth trend, farmers have significantly outstripped both large agricultural organizations and and the economy of the population, which indicates a high entrepreneurial potential and large untapped reserves for the development of farming. Data confirming the fact are presented in Table 1.
The share of farmers in the production of grain and wool in 2009 was 1.8% and 5.9%, respectively, and the volume of production of these types of products in the same sequence increased compared to the level of 2000 by 1.8 and 4.9 times .
Thus, despite the heavy economic conditions, the volume of production of farm agricultural products is growing, which positively characterizes the development of the institution of farms in modern economic relations.
1. Kostroma region. Statistical Yearbook: stat. collection / Kostromastat. - Kostroma, 2010. - 450 p.
2. Kudryashov V.I. "Brakes" and "accelerators" of farm production // Problems of statistics. -2008. - No. 8. - S. 67-69.
Guskova Marina Vladimirovna
Department of Licensing, Accreditation, Recognition and Confirmation of Documents (Moscow)
Zvonnikov Victor Ivanovich
State University of Management (Moscow)
INTERACTION OF EMPLOYERS AND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW
The article deals with the problems of developing cooperation between higher education and the labor market. The possibilities of using professional standards and a system for assessing and certifying professional qualifications to establish cooperation between higher education and the labor market are analyzed. The main directions of work on the creation of an information database on the quality of training of higher education graduates are proposed.
Keywords Keywords: competencies, labor market, education quality, cooperation, federal state educational standards, professional standards, assessment and certification of qualifications, meter model.
In the period up to the early 1990s, the relationship between employers and higher education was reduced mainly to the planned distribution of university graduates, which was of a directive and formal nature, since it reflected only the numerical needs of economic sectors, but did not in any way connect the demand for graduates of various universities with their the quality of training. By the mid-90s of the twentieth century, the higher education of an applicant entering a job after graduation became
viewed on the labor market as an optional or even often negative factor. The emphasis was placed on the personal qualities of the applicant, his general culture and on training in the process of work within the framework of corporate educational structures. The impact of this trend subsided significantly by the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, when employers in the vast majority of cases began to regard the possession of a higher education diploma as a mandatory requirement for the applicant, sometimes even for employment in those
positions that did not involve such a level of education.
The growing demand for diplomas of higher education in the labor market continues today, but in parallel with it, employers' dissatisfaction with the quality of training of graduates of the system of higher professional education continues to grow, which manifests itself in the form of a steady distrust of employers in the quality of diplomas. The results of the analysis of the websites of recruitment agencies, the largest enterprises and firms show that the lists of employers' requirements for applicants are still dominated by lists of personal characteristics and general cultural rather than professional competencies. Often, employers today rely on corporate universities to develop professional competencies. Unfortunately, universities, for their part, do not seriously analyze the results of employment and competitive advantages of their graduates, but, on the contrary, in an attempt to expand admission on a contractual fee basis, they create new training programs that are prestigious at first glance, but often not in demand on the labor market. .
At the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century, universities and employers began to make mutual, rather potential rather than realized, attempts to converge, since there are different barriers and restrictions on both sides. In particular, an understanding is gradually being formed among employers of the need to participate in financing (together with the state) orders for the implementation of research and development work by universities, the practice of participation of employers and professional communities in quality control of university education is expanding, and positive experience of targeted training of specialists is accumulating. commissioned by employers on the basis of tripartite agreements, there are attempts to state exams for graduates at independent external sites, a system of educational and methodological centers is being developed to develop educational programs with the participation of business and professional communities, etc.
For its part, the system higher education gradually overcomes the closed nature of the period when it set tasks for itself, then checked itself and assessed the quality of education results on its own, without using external criteria and independent tools of social and professional assessment, which increased the isolation of the activities of Russian universities from the real requirements of the economy. This gap has not been fully bridged even today, although a number of areas of work have been outlined that contribute to the establishment of cooperation between the vocational education system and the labor market. To ta-
Some areas of work carried out in universities include:
Performing research work in the field of conjugation of professional and educational standards;
Changing the content and methods of teaching in accordance with the requirements of new educational standards;
Structural restructuring of the system of educational institutions by introducing new structures for interaction with employers (business incubators, employment and career centers, etc.);
Cardinal renewal of the material and technical base of universities to create conditions for imitation of professional activities;
Development and implementation of state-public models of interaction between universities and interested organizations and enterprises, development of a system of social partnership;
Creation of an integral system of professional orientation of young people for training in working professions and specialties;
Creation of a social and professional system for assessing the quality of vocational education;
Creation of an effective system of personnel management in vocational education and their material incentives on the part of employers.
The establishment of interaction between universities and employers is largely facilitated by the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard, at least in the form that was intended by their creators. It was assumed that the basis for the formulation of the requirements of educational standards will be the tasks future activities university graduates and the requirements of professional standards, and the employers themselves will participate in the development of the Federal State Educational Standard. This plan was only partially implemented due to a combination of reasons, among which, first of all, the lack of professional standards in the vast majority of sectors of the Russian economy should be mentioned. Therefore, one should hardly expect that the professional competencies laid down in the approved Federal State Educational Standards will, in the absolute majority, justify the hopes of their developers in the status of target indicators of the quality of the results of vocational education. Although the certification of university graduates according to the new Federal State Educational Standards has not yet been carried out, it is already clear that the competencies in the standards in many areas of training have typical shortcomings: they are excessively fragmented, excessively numerous and weakly correlated with the real needs of the labor market.
Nevertheless, the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard allows universities to take further steps to establish business partnerships between universities and the labor market. These steps include:
Working out the mechanism of interaction with employers on the principles of social partnership, creating joint professional teams and building strong and effective vertical and horizontal ties in working on common problems:
Bringing into line the professional standards of the industry and the Federal State Educational Standards in the relevant area of training;
Monitoring the needs of industries dominating in the region for specialists in the short and long term;
Development and testing of joint educational programs and professional modules;
Performing research and development work on the orders of employers.
The work on the creation of a certification system for the qualifications of specialists and graduates, which is currently progressing at an increasing pace, creates additional opportunities for establishing cooperation between universities and employers in the field of quality requirements for the professional training of graduates. Since 2010, in the activities of educational authorities, the National Agency for the Development of Qualifications (NARK) under the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RSPP), regional agencies for the development of qualifications (RARK) and methodological centers of various industries, considerable attention has been paid to the development of programs to create an independent systems of assessment and certification of qualifications.
On the one hand, this process encourages branches of the Russian economy to develop professional standards. On the other hand, universities receive objective information about the quality of education results obtained from the external environment acting as an evaluator. The form of its presentation is of particular value to this information. Instead of subjective feedback from individual employers and a demonstration of their growing distrust in the quality of vocational education, the databases of expert and methodological centers operating within the framework of the qualifications certification system will accumulate statistics obtained from the results of certification of graduates from various Russian universities. The whole question is how to correctly collect, analyze and interpret this information in order to improve the quality of the formation of professional competencies among university graduates.
In the event that the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards and professional standards are presented in the same language as a set of competencies, an analysis of the assessments of specialists and graduates obtained during the certification of qualifications within each sector of the economy will allow:
Identify those competencies that have been formed in the learning process, as well as identify obvious gaps in work in each area of training specialists within industries;
Obtain the necessary external criterion for the validation of the tools used in the process of attestation of university graduates;
Identify the range of competencies that are relevant for each sector of the economy, optimize their composition and improve the wording in the Federal State Educational Standard, clearly linking professional competencies with the tasks of the future professional activity of graduates and based on criteria external to the education system;
Draw conclusions about the course of the process of introducing a competence-based approach into the system of vocational education.
Thanks to these data, evaluating the correlation between the results of certification and assessments in the certification of qualifications, the university community will be able to select the tools that will predict the success of graduates' professional activities with high predictive validity.
Unfortunately, the analysis of existing professional standards for a number of science-intensive industries and areas of economic activity, carried out in the process of implementing the FTsPRO projects in 2011-2012, indicates a variety of forms of their presentation. Almost all of them have a different structure and are far from the competency-based approach laid down in the Federal State Educational Standard of higher education. The language for formulating the requirements of professional standards is strikingly different from educational standards in the direction of concretizing the results of professional activity.
The analysis of professional standards greatly complicates the variety of forms of presentation of the requirements of professional standards and their structure. Initially, certain efforts were made to standardize professional standards and translate them into the language of a competency-based approach. In particular, the National Qualifications Framework of the Russian Federation was developed, which is a joint recommendation document of the Federal Institute for the Development of Education (FIRO) and the National Agency for the Development of Qualifications of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs. As conceived by the developers, the document was addressed to the developers of professional standards, the Federal State Educational Standards, sectoral qualification and tariff systems, procedures for assessing the results of education and certification of qualifications.
National Qualifications Framework of the Russian Federation (NQF):
It is a tool for conjugation of the sphere of labor and the sphere of education;
It is a generalized description of the qualification levels recognized at the federal level and the main ways to achieve them on the territory of Russia;
Includes characteristics (descriptors) of qualification levels presented in the form of a table, disclosed through a number of generalized indicators.
Similar to the European Qualifications Framework, the NQF includes descriptors of general competence, skills and knowledge, which are revealed through the relevant indicators of professional activity: breadth of authority and responsibility, complexity of activity, science intensity of activity.
Unfortunately, the idea of the developers of the NQF as a whole did not materialize, since professional standards, for the most part, do not take into account the recommendations of the National Qualifications Framework. Moreover, in some regions, analogues of professional standards have appeared - regional (industry) regulatory documents that define, within the framework of a specific type of economic activity (field of professional activity), the requirements for the content, qualifications and competencies of employees at various qualification levels. They are developed on the basis of sectoral qualification characteristics for professions/specialties compiled by the same groups of specialists that developed professional standards.
Significant work has been done in many regions of Russia (Kuban, Volgograd region, Krasnoyarsk Territory, etc.) to match the requirements of educational and professional standards, as well as to establish business contacts between the vocational education system and the labor market. Regional models for the modernization of vocational education have been built, the structural elements of which are educational and scientific institutions, business and government structures, and the functions are aimed at the interaction of all elements of the model for the implementation of the program for the modernization of vocational education. An add-on is being formed for interaction between the enterprise, educational institution and regional authorities in the form of a joint working group and / or a tripartite partnership council (enterprise - university, college - regional ministry).
Professional educational programs are being developed and implemented, focused on the requirements of the regional labor market and designed to modernize the content of vocational education and educational technologies in accordance with the requirements of the regional labor market. One of the effective components of this work is the establishment
identification of a regionally significant variable component of the main educational programs within the framework of the Federal State Educational Standard and state and public control over their implementation. Regional requirements are formed in addition to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, taking into account the strategic objectives of the socio-economic development of the region.
Ensuring the participation of employers in the formation and implementation of personnel policy in some regions is carried out by creating a special structure - the "Basic organization of a vocational education institution". Its purpose is to create conditions for ensuring active position and social responsibility of the business community in the formation and implementation of personnel policy through a joint solution of a number of tasks with universities:
Improving the legal support for the activities of organizations involved in the training of personnel in the region;
Ensuring the coordination of the activities of authorities, employers, educational institutions for the training of in-demand personnel;
Establishing systemic interaction between organizations and educational institutions within the framework of contracts and agreements;
Ensuring the participation of the business community in the procedures for attesting students and accrediting universities.
In other regions, to ensure the interaction of the labor market and the system of vocational education, a multi-level system of coordinating councils for training personnel is being created. There are regional, sectoral, municipal councils under the executive state authorities and local self-government, trustees and supervisory boards of educational institutions, which provide a joint solution to the problems of training personnel and the tasks of developing the vocational education system. For example, in the Kuban there is a system for assessing the personnel needs of the regional economy. It is based on the regional Coordinating Council for Vocational Education and Training of Skilled Workers. It is he who determines the strategy for the development of vocational education in the region. Its tasks are to accurately assess the economic prospects, take into account the needs of employers and determine the order for the training of professional personnel. In addition, such councils have been established in all municipalities of the region. The end result of their activities is an agreed annual forecast of the personnel needs of the regional labor market. This work also involves the department of labor and employment of the population of the region, which, on the basis of the forecast, forms the state task for training personnel.
Nevertheless, despite the existing problems, at a meeting of the Presidium of the UMO Council for Management Education, held on November 22-23 in Kostroma, it was decided to analyze the compliance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards and professional standards in the field of economics and management. At the State University of Management, which is the base university of the UMO for education in the field of management, it was decided to begin work on the analysis of conjugation and the construction of adjacency tables for the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards and professional standards, as well as qualification characteristics for groups of specialties related to three areas of training: “State and municipal management ”, “Management”, “Personnel management”. The work is quite complex and voluminous. Its result will be adjacency tables, on the basis of which it will be possible to identify those GEF competencies that are really in demand by the labor market.
yes, to identify redundant competencies and outline ways to minimize their list in order to improve the Federal State Educational Standards and build competency clusters when developing meters for attesting students.
Bibliographic list
1. Glebova L.N., Guskova M.V. Approaches to the formation of an independent assessment of the quality of vocational education // Higher education today. - 2012. - No. 4.
2. Guskova M.V. Certification of students on the basis of new standards of vocational education // Higher education today. - 2011. -№8.
3. Zvonnikov V.I., Nefedov V.A. On approaches to the creation of modern systems and technologies for managing and managing organizations. - M: FGBUVPO "State University of Management", 2012.
Delitsyn Leonid Leonidovich
Moscow State University culture and arts
l. d [email protected] com
QUANTITATIVE MODEL OF INTERNET DISTRIBUTION AMONG THE URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION OF RUSSIA
On the basis of a quantitative model of the spread of innovations, forecasts were made for the share of Internet users in the urban and rural population of Russia for 2012-2018. To identify the parameters of the models, data from mass surveys of FOM and VTsIOM were used. An optimistic scenario is considered, which assumes an increase in the availability of the Internet (technical and financial) by 12% per year, and a conservative one, which assumes that external conditions remain unchanged.
Key words: diffusion of innovations, population reproduction, urban and rural population, Internet.
Projected indicators of the spread of the Internet in Russia as well. and other countries, calculated on the basis of classical three-parameter logistic models, are often not confirmed by subsequent observational data. Even the extrapolation of the linear trend in the number of Russian Internet users turned out to be more successful than the logistic models of the spread of innovations.
It is known that the Internet penetration rates in Russian cities and villages differ quite noticeably, but in most works on forecasting the Internet in Russia, urban and rural populations were not considered separately. Neglecting regional differences in the distribution of the Web can be one of the main causes of forecast errors. In particular, the global Internet penetration forecast published by T. Modis was built on the basis of a logistic model and predicted an early completion of growth with a coverage potential of no more than 14%
the population of the earth. However, by the end of 2011, the International Telecommunication Union counted 2.4 billion Internet users, which accounted for 34% of the world's population. In a recent work, N.S. Matveeva showed that the parameters of the model of T. Modis were decisively influenced by the statistics of using the Web in the USA and Europe, which hid the beginning of the growth of a larger, Asian audience. About ten years ago Yu.Yu. Perfiliev proposed to consider the process of spreading the Internet in Russia as “one big “innovative wave”, gradually capturing cities of various types - from cities with millionaires to small towns. In this paper, we use to substantiate the ideas of Yu.Yu. Perfiliev, we developed a quantitative model for the dissemination of innovations. It should be noted that dynamic models of the spread of innovations, taking into account the mutual influence of regions, are mentioned in the monograph, but they do not take into account the processes of population reproduction.
