The influence of the pool on the human body. The benefits of swimming. The beneficial effect of swimming on the emotional state of a person

10.02.2021 Design and interior

Swimming is a wonderful and very healthy form of physical activity. What effect does swimming have on the body and what is the benefit of swimming for the human body?

Respiratory system

Swimming helps to increase the strength of the respiratory muscles and increase their tone, enhances ventilation of the lungs, and helps to increase the vital volume of the lungs.

The swimmer's breathing is coordinated with the movements of his limbs. One cycle of hand movements is usually performed in one breath and exhalation. Since swimming consumes a lot of energy, the need for oxygen increases. That is why the swimmer strives to make the most of every breath. A more complete exhalation is facilitated by water pressure on the chest, it also contributes to the development of muscles that expand the chest.

As a result of swimming, the vital capacity of the lungs increases and the functionality of the respiratory system increases, the number and elasticity of the alveoli increase.

As a result of systematic swimming lessons, the indicator of maximum oxygen consumption also increases. Swimmers set a kind of record for oxygen consumption per minute - 5 liters.

The cardiovascular system

In regularly swimming people, the strength of the heart muscles increases, the power of the heart increases (the volume of blood pushed out by the heart in one cycle of its activity), the number of heartbeats per minute decreases. Trained swimmers have a resting heart rate of 50-60 or even 40-45 beats per minute, while ordinary healthy people have a heart rate of 65 to 75. At the same time, working with extreme intensity, the swimmer's heart is able to develop a pace of up to 200 beats per minute, and the volume of blood injected into the aorta increases from 4-6 liters to 35-40 liters per minute.

As we can see, swimming enhances the activity of the cardiovascular system, but at the same time, the work of the heart proceeds in favorable conditions. Water pressure facilitates the outflow of blood from the periphery to the heart. Therefore, swimming lessons are indicated for the elderly and even people with a weakened heart.

Swimming helps to change the composition of the blood. When a person is in water, the number of blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin) increases. This is observed even after a single stay in the water. 1.5-2 hours after swimming, the blood composition actually reaches a normal level.

Musculoskeletal system

In the water there is a complete study of all muscles, regardless of the chosen swimming style. The uniform work of the muscles of the whole body contributes to the formation of a harmonious figure, smooth streamlined shapes without sharp protrusions and corners.

During swimming, tension and relaxation of different muscles alternate, this increases their efficiency and strength. Swimming requires the coordination of all moving muscles. At the same time, water creates more resistance than air, which means that in order to swim, a person has to strain harder. Therefore, as a result of swimming, stronger and more elastic muscles are formed. At the same time, during swimming, the body is supported by water so that there is no excessive load on any group of muscles or joints.

In water, the static tension of the body decreases, the load on the spine is reduced, it is correctly formed, and a good posture is developed. The active movement of the legs in the water strengthens the feet and prevents the development of flat feet.

Swimming helps the joints stay flexible, especially in the neck, shoulders, and hips. The indicator of total mobility in the joints of swimmers is significantly higher than that of athletes of other specializations.

Nervous system

Swimming exercises have a positive effect on the state of the central nervous system, contribute to the formation of a balanced and strong type of nervous activity.

Swimming tones nervous system, balances the processes of excitation and inhibition, improves the blood supply to the brain.

Pleasant associations associated with swimming, maintaining the balance of the body in the water, have a beneficial effect on the state of the psyche, contribute to the formation of a positive emotional background. Swimming helps to overcome hydrophobia, relieves fatigue, helps with nervous tension and depression, and improves mood. improves attention and memory.

Regular swimming lessons discipline and increase volitional qualities.

The immune system

Everyone knows that swimming is an effective means of hardening, it increases resistance to low temperatures, and therefore makes the body less susceptible to colds. As a result, changes in the composition of the blood during swimming increase, which increases resistance to infections.

Swimming: its benefits and harms are of interest to all beginner amateur athletes. It can be called the most affordable, comfortable, and most importantly, efficient and useful. At the same time, like any other type of physical activity, swimming can be perceived by the human body as both a benefit and a harm. However, it is safe to say that in most cases water activities have a beneficial effect on health even in situations where a person cannot swim and simply moves arbitrarily in the water.

What is the use

Swimming is an invaluable health benefit. To deny the benefits of swimming for human health is stupid and pointless. When exercising in water almost all muscles of the human body are involved.

The huge positive role of swimming on the spine is known. In water, the pressure on it is significantly reduced, while the intervertebral discs straighten out, as a result, the correct posture is formed.

A person immersed in water receives a load evenly distributed on absolutely every muscle and joint. Smooth movements in the water favor the stretching and lengthening of the muscles, as a result of which they are strengthened, but at the same time do not increase in volume.
Swimming is also recommended for the prevention of flat feet, because the lack of support for the legs in the water, as well as active movements, help strengthen the feet.
The activity of the cardiovascular and circulatory systems also improves in the process of swimming.. As a result of the equivalent work of the muscles, coupled with respiratory movements, the respiratory muscles are strengthened, the tone is increased and, of course, the volume of the lungs is increased.

Due to constant swimming, swimming occurs. Human activity in water increases its immunity, improves the mechanisms of thermoregulation. As a result, the human body becomes more adaptive to changes in the external environment, and, consequently, is less susceptible to various colds and other diseases.

Of course, one cannot fail to mention swimming as a way to deal with excess weight. As a result of all kinds of movements in the water, the metabolism is significantly accelerated, as a result of which, of course, fat loss occurs faster. Among other things, during swimming, toxins and slags are removed from the human body.
Water represents great body massager. Water procedures improve skin elasticity, and are also recommended for all those who suffer from hypertension or those who have joint problems or varicose veins.

Swimming so useful view load that its even recommended for pregnant women. Classes in water help to strengthen the muscular corset, get rid of cellulite, maintain skin elasticity and flexibility. Among other things, swimming is a great way for a woman to return to her perfect shape after giving birth.
Swimming is very useful for male power. And we are talking not only about strong muscles, but also about the fact that regular exercise in water improves erectile function. This happens due to the massage effect of water on the genitals of a man.

Very favorable swimming for children. Such activities help the normal physical development of the child's body and strengthen the immune system. The correct posture is formed in the child, the nervous system is strengthened, sleep improves, appetite normalizes.

For a number of reasons, most people do not have the opportunity to swim all year round in open water sources: seas, rivers, lakes, etc. For such purposes, pools are created. The benefits of swimming in the pool are the same as in any open source. By the way, they even claim that swimming in the pool, for example, is much more effective for the body than in the sea. This is due to the different composition of water. in salty sea water a person can be held without any effort, but in fresh water pool, keeping on the water requires more significant actions from a person.

Harmful sides of swimming

Basically, swimming is a health benefit, but in some rare cases, it can harm a person. As a rule, this related to water quality.
First of all, when choosing an open pond for swimming, you need to be sure that swimming in it allowed by sanitary and epidemiological structures.

Of course, the benefits of swimming in the pool are undeniable, but chlorinated water contains a large number of bacteria. As a result, a person can pick up a fungus, scabies, bacteria that cause warts. Therefore, it is so important before and after visiting the pool carefully take a shower using various hygiene products.

Another disadvantage of chlorinated water is that it has a very bad effect on the condition of hair and nails, causing them to become brittle. Bleach also has a bad effect on the skin, sometimes causing an allergic reaction in people.

Many of the fairer sex are afraid to go to the pool, as they believe that swimming can lead to the fact that they will have broad shoulders, as a result of which they will lose their femininity of their figure. Such a fate awaits only girls who are professionally involved in this sport. If you swim twice a week for about an hour, then you should not be afraid that you will have broad shoulders, but the benefits of swimming in the pool for your health and beauty will be quite noticeable.

The beneficial effect of swimming on the emotional state of a person

By attending swimming, the health benefits will be felt not only on the physical plane, but also on the emotional state.

First of all, swimming lessons relieve stress, improve overall psycho-emotional state, cheer up. In many cases, swimming is recommended to people who have suffered any kind of physical or psychological injury as a rehabilitation program.
Swimming is a huge benefit for those who suffer from insomnia, because after such activities a person sleeps much better and falls asleep faster.
And swimming has a beneficial effect on the formation of personality. Regular swimming lessons develop such important qualities as determination, activity, discipline, perseverance, improve willpower, and also develop communication skills.

Several types of exercises in the water for a beautiful posture

Today, many people lead a sedentary lifestyle, as a result of which they get curvature of the spine, back pain, etc. Of course, one of the most effective and safe ways posture correction considered swimming. And you can not just limit yourself to ordinary swimming, but do some exercises that will help your spine.

The simplest exercise that improves posture is tilting the body in the water back and forth. You need to do this exercise at least 10 times back and forth, after a little rest, it is advisable to repeat the exercise.

Also, the following movements will help for the health of posture: standing in the water up to the neck, you need to raise your hands in front of you so that they are located with their backs to each other, then with sharp movements it is worth spreading your arms to the sides, and then returning them to their original position. Such maneuvers should be done at least 25 times.

It is also possible, standing in the water up to the neck, fasten your hands behind the lock and raise them in this position up. This exercise should be repeated at least 20 times.

Your attention is an entertaining video about what other exercises you can do in the water. They are perfect for swimming in the pool. If you swim and decide to stand at the side, use the time to good use and do a couple of exercises for the beauty and health of your body.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru//

swimming body breathing

discipline: "Physical culture"

"The effect of swimming on the body"

Performed

Student gr. T-313

Gareeva Alina

Introduction

The benefits of swimming are undeniable and significant. It is known that classes various types sports and physical education have an invaluable impact on the human body. Swimming has a special place here. A person is internally connected with water, even if he cannot swim. This is possible because we, even before birth, in the state of an embryo, swam in the mother's fluid and were born from water. And we are made up mostly of water. Systematic swimming classes significantly affect the increase in human endurance, normalize the vital activity of all organs. People who go in for swimming from an early age maintain a slim and beautiful posture throughout their lives. Swimming strengthens the musculoskeletal system, water pressure makes it possible to unload the spine. Having a positive effect on the joints, increases their mobility and flexibility after a few days of training. Small loads in water normalize breathing, saturate the blood with oxygen. From here, immunity increases, the work of the circulatory system stabilizes. When immersed in water, a massage effect occurs, the skin relaxes, becomes elastic. Jets of water wash the body, making it weightless and obedient. The movement of blood through the vessels is accelerated. The body is rejuvenated.

Swimming provides many opportunities to strengthen the breathing and cardiovascular system, stabilize the spine. The horizontal position of the body in the water, weight reduction due to the greater than air density of water allows the most beneficial effect on the health of the body. Slenderness, muscle tightening, prolongation of youth and health are inherent in people involved in this sport. Swimming provides additional opportunities in skin cleansing, pores open, skin is saturated with oxygen, pressure stabilizes.

Having a calming effect on irritable people, swimming is effective tool against nervous diseases, and as a result - against insomnia. Swimming is recommended to relieve stress. It invigorates those who are inhibited and sleepy, and calms the irritated.

Systematic visits to the pool provide an opportunity to significantly improve well-being, improve health. Swimming allows you to get rid of colds, leads to hardening of the immune system. Swimming is one of the main components of the prevention of diseases such as arthritis, arthrosis. Training of the musculoskeletal system in water allows you to strengthen your joints and ligaments, discipline your muscles, and improve your posture. There are special therapeutic pools where, under the supervision of a doctor, preventive procedures are carried out aimed at combating various diseases.

Due to proper breathing when swimming, the volume of the lungs increases, the blood is saturated with oxygen, and working capacity increases. This leads to improved memory, increased reaction in stressful situations.

Respiratory system

The respiratory system consists (see diagram 1) of the airways or airways and the lungs themselves. The airways include the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. The bronchi branch like a tree, they secrete large, medium-sized, small and smallest (visible only under a microscope) bronchi. The lungs consist of the smallest microscopic formations of the alveoli, which, in the amount of 5-6, join the smallest bronchi. The entire respiratory system is permeated with a network of blood vessels that make up a separate pulmonary circulation. The lungs are covered on the outside with a serous membrane - the pleura, the same membrane covers the inside of the chest. Between these two sheets of pleura is a narrow gap - the pleural cavity.

The main function of the lungs is the implementation of gas exchange between the body and the external environment. During inhalation, air rich in oxygen enters the lungs, and during exhalation, air with a high content of carbon dioxide is released. Gas exchange occurs at the level of the alveoli.

Gas exchange - the exchange of gases between blood and atmospheric air - is carried out by the respiratory organs. They consist of airways and lungs (Fig. 1). The airways begin with the nasal cavity, followed by the nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

The nasal cavity, into which air enters through the nostrils, is divided by an osteochondral septum into two halves. Each of them has three nasal passages. The nasolacrimal canal opens into the lower one. In the posterior part, the nasal cavity communicates with the nasopharynx through two internal openings (choanae).

At the bottom, the larynx passes into the trachea - a tube 10-13 cm long, which serves to pass air into the lungs and back. In its walls there are 16-20 elastic cartilaginous semirings connected by ligaments. The inside of the trachea is lined with ciliated epithelium. The functions of the trachea are the same as those of the nasal cavity: humidification, heating and purification of the inhaled air.

The lower end of the trachea divides into two bronchi, which enter the left and right lungs. The bronchi repeatedly branch into thinner tubes - bronchioles, and as a result, a bronchial tree is formed. There are cartilaginous rings in the walls of the large bronchi, and they are absent in the bronchioles, however, their walls do not collapse due to the presence of muscle fibers in them. Entering the lungs, the main bronchi gradually divide into ever smaller tubes (bronchioles), the smallest of which, the terminal bronchioles, are the last element of the airways. From the larynx to the terminal bronchioles, the tubes are lined with ciliated epithelium.

Bronchioles are the last elements of the airways. The ends of the bronchioles form extensions - alveolar passages, on the walls of which there are protrusions in the form of hemispheres (0.2-0.3 mm in diameter) - pulmonary vesicles, or alveoli. The walls of the alveoli are formed by a single-layer epithelium lying on an elastic membrane, due to which they are easily extensible. The adhesion of their walls from the inside during exhalation is prevented by a surfactant, which includes phospholipids. The walls of the alveoli are braided with a dense network of blood capillaries. The total thickness of the walls of the alveoli and the capillary is 0.4 µm. Due to such a small thickness of the gas exchange surfaces, oxygen from the alveolar air easily penetrates into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli. In an adult, the total number of alveoli reaches 300 million, and their total surface is approximately 100 m2.

Lungs are paired spongy organs formed by the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. They are located in the chest cavity and are separated from each other by the heart and large blood vessels. Each lung is conical in shape. Its wide base faces the lower wall of the chest cavity - the diaphragm, and the narrow top protrudes above the clavicle. On the inner surface of the lungs are the gates of the lungs - the place of entry into the lungs of the bronchi, nerves and blood vessels. The right lung is divided by deep fissures into three lobes, and the left into two.

Rice. one . Scheme of the human respiratory system: a - general plan of the structure; b - the structure of the alveoli; 1 - nasal cavity; 2 - epiglottis; 3 - pharynx; 4 - larynx; 5 - trachea; b - bronchus; 7 - alveoli; 8 -- left lung (in section); 9 - diaphragm; 10 - the area occupied by the heart; 11 -- right lung (outer surface); 12 -- pleural cavity; 13 - bronchiole; 14 --- alveolar passages; 15 - capillaries.

Regular swimming exercises have a positive effect on the respiratory system. Its functionality increases, the organs included in it develop and strengthen.

Consider why and how swimming affects the state of the respiratory system:

1) During the lesson, the swimmer takes a breath and exhale, overcoming the resistance of the water, while the respiratory muscles are trained, the mobility of the chest increases. Water pressure prevents inhalation, which leads to the development of muscles that expand the chest. The pressure of water on the chest contributes to a more complete exhalation, improving gas exchange. At the same time, when you exhale into the water, you have to overcome its resistance, and this also leads to an increased load on the respiratory muscles and its development.

2) When swimming, a lot of energy is spent, which means that the need for oxygen increases. Therefore, the body strives to make the most of each breath. As a result of systematic swimming training, the indicators of the respiratory system increase (the respiratory rhythm improves, the elasticity of the lungs increases, the number of lung alveoli, the volume and ventilation of the lungs, and the maximum oxygen consumption increase).

3) With regular swimming, a perfect type of breathing is developed. The swimmer's breathing is deeper and rarer. An adult who does not swim, at rest, performs 14-16 respiratory cycles per minute, while a swimmer - 7-8 cycles per minute. The advantage of such a rare breath is that the lungs and other respiratory organs have time to have a good rest, get good nutrition, and their wear slows down (a similar situation with slowing the pulse). In people who go in for swimming, the reserve capacity of the respiratory system is two to three times higher than in people who do not go in for sports. Persons who do not receive regular physical activity can hardly draw 2-3 liters of air into their lungs, while swimmers 5-7 liters.

The swimmer's alveoli work efficiently, so the body is well supplied with oxygen when inhaling, and easily released from carbon dioxide when exhaling.

4) When swimming, the most distant parts of the lungs participate in breathing, as a result, stagnation in them is excluded. Inclusion in the breathing process of the usually little involved parts of the lung tissue allows you to avoid their premature senile atrophy of the system.

5) Systematic diving and swimming resistance of the body to hypoxia.

The immune system

The immune system is represented by organs that produce specific "defender cells" and cells that constantly move through the blood and lymphatic vessels. Lymph is the same blood, only it is devoid of red blood cells and saturated with cells of the immune system. Organs of the immune system:

1) The bone marrow rightfully occupies a dominant position among the immune organs. It has a hematopoietic function and gives birth to all blood cells. Next to him on a pedestal is the thymus gland (thymus). T-lymphocytes born in the bone marrow are still immature. They need to be trained and trained, this happens in the thymus.

All other immune organs will be of secondary importance.

2) Spleen - filters the blood from old, dead cells.

3) Lymph nodes are "filters" and destroy pathogenic bacteria. Accumulate and store lymphocytes and phagocytes. Phagocytes are involved in the immune response, carry out the attack and destruction of antigens. If the lymph nodes are enlarged, this indicates the presence of inflammation.

4) A whole conglomerate is located in the nasopharynx: adenoids, mucous accumulations and tonsils, which produce lymphocytes.

5) The intestinal submucosa is completely covered with lymphoid tissue (Peyer's patches).

Swimming is an effective means of hardening, increasing resistance to colds and exposure to low temperatures. In addition, the ongoing changes in the blood increase the protective properties of its immune system, increasing resistance to infectious and colds.

Musculoskeletal system

The skeletal system supports the human body and at the same time performs a protective function in relation to internal organs. There are two hundred and six bones in total, most of which are paired.

The human skeleton can be divided into two parts: the bones of the torso and the bones of the limbs. The bones of the torso form the central axis of the body and the chest region. The bones of the limbs make up the part of the skeleton that moves the arms and legs.

All human bones are connected through joints, ligaments and tendons.

The muscular system carries out the movement of the body, maintaining the balance of the body, as well as respiratory movements, transporting food, blood within the body. In the tissues of the muscular system, chemical energy is converted into mechanical and thermal energy. It is a collection of muscle fibers capable of contracting, combined into bundles that form special organs - muscles, or are independently part of the internal organs.

There are three types of muscles in humans:

1. Skeletal muscles.

2. Smooth muscles (involuntary).

3. Cardiac muscle.

Hematopoietic system

The hematopoietic system is a system of organs of the body responsible for the constancy of the composition of the blood. Since the formed elements are continuously destroyed in the body, the main function of the hematopoietic organs is the constant replenishment of the cellular elements of the blood - hematopoiesis or hematopoiesis.

The hematopoietic system consists of four main parts - bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and peripheral blood.

The bone marrow is located in the bones, mainly in the flat ones - the sternum, ribs, and ilium. Here the most complex process of formation of all elements of the blood takes place. All blood cells come from one - stem cell, which multiplies in the bone marrow and develops in four directions - the formation of erythrocytes (erythropoiesis), leukocytes (myelopoiesis), lymphocytes (lymphopoiesis) and platelets (thrombocytopoiesis).

Lymph nodes are involved in the processes of hematopoiesis, producing lymphocytes, plasma cells.

The spleen consists of the so-called. red and white pulp. The red pulp is filled with blood cells, mainly erythrocytes; The white pulp is formed by lymphoid tissue in which lymphocytes are produced. In addition to the hematopoietic function, the spleen captures damaged erythrocytes, microorganisms and other elements alien to the body that have entered the blood from the blood stream; it produces antibodies.

Mature cells enter the peripheral blood:

red blood cells

Leukocytes

Lymphocytes

platelets

lymphatic system

The lymphatic system is an integral part of the vascular system and represents, as it were, an additional channel of the venous system, in close connection with which it develops and with which it has similar structural features (the presence of valves, the direction of lymph flow from tissues to the heart).

Its main function is to conduct lymph from tissues to the venous bed (transport, resorption and drainage functions), as well as the formation of lymphoid elements (lymphopoiesis) involved in immunological reactions, and the neutralization of foreign particles, bacteria, etc. entering the body (barrier role). The cells of malignant tumors (cancer) also spread along the lymphatic pathways; Determining these pathways requires a deep knowledge of the anatomy of the lymphatic system.

With diaphragm significant quantities venous blood and lymph are “squeezed out” from the liver and other abdominal organs towards the heart, which greatly facilitates the work of the heart muscle and excludes blood and lymph stagnation dangerous for the body. The human lymphatic system is involved in metabolism, since lymph and tissue fluid, like blood, deliver nutrients and oxygen to all cells of the body and excrete residual metabolic products into the veins.

If the diaphragm works poorly, then the movement of the lymph becomes difficult, it stagnates, which leads to a violation of metabolic processes.

urinary system

The urinary system is a complex of organs of the reproductive and urinary systems, anatomically, functionally and embryologically interconnected. Some organs of the genitourinary system perform both reproductive and urinary functions.

The urinary organs consist of the kidneys, renal pelvis, two thin ducts - ureters, through which urine enters the bladder, bladder and urethra, with which the prostate gland is connected in men.

Nervous system

The human nervous system is responsible for regulating the activity of organs and systems, ensuring their functional unity, carries out higher nervous activity, and also participates in the relationship of the body with the external environment. The nervous system consists of the central part - the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system), as well as the peripheral part, formed by nerves, nerve roots, nerve plexuses, ganglia and nerve endings (peripheral nervous system). The brain is located in the cranial cavity, cranial nerves depart from it. The brain stem continues with the spinal cord, located in the spinal canal, from which the spinal nerves exit through the intervertebral foramina.

Also, the nervous system is divided into somatic (providing innervation of the organs of the musculoskeletal system and skin) and vegetative (providing innervation of internal organs).

Regular swimming lessons are a powerful factor influencing the higher nervous activity of a person.

The action of water temperature balances the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system, improves the blood supply to the brain. Water, gently flowing around the body, massaging the nerve endings in the skin and muscles, has a beneficial effect on the central nervous system, calms, and relieves fatigue. After swimming, a person falls asleep easier, sleeps more soundly, his attention and memory improve.

It should be noted that pleasant associations associated with swimming have a positive effect on the state of the psyche, contribute to the formation of a positive emotional background, which is so necessary in everyday life.

Digestive system

The human digestive system consists of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract and auxiliary organs (salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder and etc.). There are three divisions of the digestive system. The anterior section includes the organs of the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus. Here, mainly mechanical processing of food is carried out. The middle section consists of the stomach, small and large intestines, liver and pancreas, in this section the chemical processing of food is carried out, the absorption of its breakdown products and the formation of feces. The posterior section is represented by the caudal part of the rectum and ensures the excretion of feces from the body.

Diagram of the digestive system:

1. Salivary glands; 2. Parotid gland; 3. Submandibular gland;

4. Sublingual gland; 5. Oral cavity; 6. Throat; 7. Language; 8. Esophagus; 9. Pancreas; 10. Stomach; 11. Pancreatic duct; 12. Liver; 13. Gallbladder;

14. Duodenum; 15. Common bile duct;

16. Colon; 17. Transverse colon;

18. Ascending colon; 19. Descending colon;

20. Ileum (small intestine); 21. Cecum; 22. Appendix; 23. Rectum; 24. Anus.

Swimming improves the absorption of nutrients in the body. After classes, the processes of metabolism and excretion proceed more perfectly. The abdominal and pelvic floor muscles are strengthened.

Reproductive and reproductive system

The reproductive and reproductive system is a complex of organs and systems that are involved in the production of sexual products, ensure the process of fertilization, and contribute to human reproduction.

The cardiovascular system

The cardiovascular system is the organ system that circulates blood throughout the human and animal body. Thanks to the blood circulation, oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the organs and tissues of the body, while carbon dioxide, other metabolic products and waste products are removed.

Blood circulation in the cardiovascular system in vertebrates and humans is supplemented by lymph outflow from the organs and tissues of the body through the system of vessels, nodes and ducts of the lymphatic system that flow into the venous system at the confluence of the subclavian veins.

The cardiovascular system includes the heart - an organ that makes blood move by pumping it into the blood vessels - hollow tubes of various calibers through which it circulates.

All functions of the circulatory system are strictly coordinated due to neuro-reflex regulation, which allows maintaining homostasis under constantly changing conditions of the external and internal environment.

Swimming has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system. The horizontal position of the body, as well as cyclic movements associated with the work of muscles, water pressure on the subcutaneous bed, deep diaphragmatic breathing and a balanced state of the body - all this contributes to blood flow to the heart and, in general, greatly facilitates its work. As a result of swimming, systolic pressure decreases, vascular elasticity increases, and the stroke volume of the heart increases.

Those who systematically go in for swimming have a physiological decrease in the pulse to 60 or less beats per minute. At the same time, the heart muscle works powerfully and economically.

Thus, as a result of swimming, positive changes occur in the cardiovascular system (in the form of an increase in the contractility of the muscular wall of the vessels and an improvement in the functioning of the heart), which lead to faster transport of oxygenated blood to the peripheral parts of the body and internal organs, which contributes to the activation of the general metabolism.

Sensory system

The sensory organ system is a specialized peripheral anatomical and physiological system that has developed in the process of evolution, providing, thanks to its receptors, the receipt and primary analysis of information from the surrounding world and from other organs of the body itself, that is, from the external and internal environment of the body.

Distant sense organs perceive stimuli at a distance (for example, organs of vision, hearing, smell); other organs (taste and touch) - only with direct contact.

The human sensory system is a part of his nervous system, capable of perceiving information external to the brain, transmitting it to the brain and analyzing it. Getting information from environment and one's own body is an indispensable and necessary condition for human existence.

The sensory organ system consists of peripheral receptors, pathways and switching nuclei, primary projection areas of the cortex, and secondary sensory cortex. The system of sense organs is organized hierarchically, that is, it includes several levels of sequential information processing. lowest level Such processing is provided by primary sensory neurons, which are located in specialized sensory organs or in sensitive ganglia and are designed to conduct excitation from peripheral receptors to the central nervous system.

Peripheral receptors are sensitive highly specialized formations capable of perceiving, transforming and transmitting the energy of an external stimulus to primary sensory neurons.

Endocrine system

The endocrine system is a system for regulating the activity of internal organs by means of hormones secreted by endocrine cells directly into the blood, or diffusing through the intercellular space into neighboring cells.

The neuroendocrine (endocrine) system coordinates and regulates the activity of almost all organs and systems of the body, ensures its adaptation to constantly changing conditions of the external and internal environment, maintaining the constancy of the internal environment necessary to maintain the normal functioning of this individual. There are clear indications that the implementation of the listed functions of the neuroendocrine system is possible only in close interaction with the immune system.

The endocrine system is divided into the glandular endocrine system (or glandular apparatus), in which the endocrine cells are brought together to form the endocrine gland, and the diffuse endocrine system. The endocrine gland produces glandular hormones, which include all steroid hormones, hormones thyroid gland and many peptide hormones. The diffuse endocrine system is represented by endocrine cells scattered throughout the body that produce hormones called aglandular - (with the exception of calcitriol) peptides. Almost every tissue in the body contains endocrine cells.

Conclusion

In conclusion of my work, I want to briefly summarize the above written:

Swimming is good! Healthy people get excellent hardening, improve their physical abilities, and for those who suffer from various diseases, swimming helps to cure diseases such as neuroses, neurasthenia, spinal injuries, the consequences of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. In metabolic diseases, bronchial asthma and chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system, swimming is an indispensable means of healing.

During swimming, excellent conditions are created for improving the functioning of the circulatory system: the amount of oxygen absorbed by all organs and tissues of the body increases, venous outflow from the legs increases, almost all muscles of the body contract. Swimming develops the cardiovascular system and greatly strengthens the entire body.

Swimming is also an excellent means of preventing and correcting postural disorders. The mechanism of action is simple, during swimming, the static load on the spine is reduced, the imbalance of the back muscles, which leads to curvature of the spine, is leveled. In the same time, active movement legs in the water in an unsupported position strengthens the feet and prevents the development of flat feet.

When swimming, almost all the muscles of the body work, which contributes to the harmonious development of muscles and mobility in the main joints of swimmers. Swimming contributes to a significant development of muscles, because. accompanied by the activity of the majority skeletal muscle. The load on individual muscle groups is moderately distributed, and favorable conditions are created for their work.

Regular swimming exercises have a positive effect on the whole body. rises general tone body, endurance increases, movements improve, the nervous system strengthens, sleep becomes stronger, appetite improves. Regular exercise promotes the growth and strengthening of bone tissue.

Swimming has a beneficial effect not only on the physical development of a person, but also on the formation of his personality. Swimming classes develop such personality traits as purposefulness, perseverance, self-control, determination, courage, discipline, the ability to act in a team, and show independence.

Each person has great opportunities to strengthen and maintain their health, to maintain their ability to work, physical activity and vigor until old age, using such a simple and affordable means as swimming.

Hosted on Allbest.ru

...

The benefits of swimming for the body

Water has an effect on the body, even if you just stand in it, doing nothing. The level of hemoglobin rises, blood circulation improves. The power of water is felt by every cell, the aging process slows down. And all this is only due to the passive stay in the water. After that, it is difficult to overestimate the health benefits of swimming.

Classes in the pool train the maximum number of organs and systems of the body. Swimming does not overload and at the same time is an excellent prophylactic against many diseases:

Spine

There are very few ways to give the spine a rest and relax. For example, you can use a back massage, the dangers and benefits of which can be read.

Swimming is also one of the great ways to relax and strengthen your back muscles. After all, our spine practically does not rest. We spend a lot of time sitting, we don’t pay attention to our posture, we carry heavy bags, and we also torture our body with workouts. Then we complain of back pain, without thinking at all that the full-fledged work of most internal organs depends on the state of the spinal column.

Swimming exercises train the muscles of the back and at the same time relieve them of unnecessary stress. They create a strong muscular corset, which supports the spine in the correct physiological position.

joints

Fig.1 Effects of swimming on the joints
Many people suffer from joint diseases, even without knowing it or not wanting to admit the problem. Water exercises have a beneficial effect on the musculoskeletal system and are effective method treatment and prevention of joint diseases. You have to be very careful with them. Any wrong movement or excessive load can lead to serious consequences. In some cases, running and walking are contraindicated.

But you can swim for your own pleasure, without thinking about the consequences. During swimming, the joints do not experience stress. On the contrary, movements in water relieve pain and reduce the degree of inflammation.

muscles

Swimming lessons, as well as, for example, help to form a beautiful relief figure. And all this thanks to a gentle and completely imperceptible muscle training. This is a worthy alternative to physical training and stress. It is enough to visit the pool several times a week. During swimming, the muscles of the arms, chest, shoulders, back, and legs are strengthened. At the same time, the result of such training will be many times more effective than from many other types of training.

Lungs

Swimming strengthens the respiratory system. The swimmer constantly overcomes the resistance of the water by inhaling and exhaling. At the same time, the respiratory muscles are trained, the mobility of the chest increases, the lungs are enriched with oxygen, which enters all organs and systems of the body.

“Inhale deeply” is about swimmers. It is known that those who regularly go in for swimming perform up to 8 respiratory cycles per minute.

For a person who does not swim, this figure is 14-16. The advantage of "rare" breathing is that the lungs have time to rest and eat well. As a result of training in water, the elasticity of the lungs increases, and their volume increases.

Psyche

Swimming is always associated with a pleasant pastime. Many perceive training in the pool as relaxation and pleasure, which cannot but affect their mental state. In a world of constant tension, crises and daily problems that no one can solve for us, there must be a place for relaxation and rest.

Fig. 2 Water perfectly relieves stress and physical tension

Water has a massage effect on the body, soothes, helps to concentrate. On a subconscious level, swimming even affects the formation of personality. It disciplines, strengthens willpower, develops determination, perseverance and courage.

Swimming for everyone

For women, regular classes in the pool will replace. Classes in water normalize metabolism, burn calories, and extra centimeters seem to melt. At the same time, the skin becomes elastic and elastic, and the figure is taut. Swimming is much more effective than exercising on simulators, in the gym or.

In addition, regular exercise in the pool will help get rid of the ill-fated cellulite, as well as prevent the appearance of varicose veins. In order for the figure to acquire feminine forms, an equal amount of time should be devoted to swimming in different styles.

Not only women are worried about their figure. Men spend hours in gyms for the sake of cubes on the stomach and muscle relief. Swimming allows men to form a classic T-shaped silhouette.

While children perceive swimming as purely fun, water takes its toll. Classes help the child to be physically strong and balanced. Children who swim regularly are less likely to get sick and sleep well. They are more balanced and show independence from childhood. Little swimmers become more attentive in the classroom and at home, they perceive educational material better.

As people age, they move less and less. Grandparents are more likely to be seen sitting on benches than at the stadium. It is difficult for older people to perform physical activities, but they are just as necessary for them as for young people.

Swimming will replace a whole range of exercises that they seem unable to do. Classes in water increase the overall tone of the body and minimize the possibility of injury.

Swimming and illness

The duration of training and load for various diseases should also be taken into account:

The crawl swimming style is not only one of the most common, but also the most useful. Of course, if you do it right. The fewer movements will be performed, the greater the efficiency of crawl swimming. One wave of the arm or stroke must be made for approximately one meter of travel. It is important at the same time to breathe correctly: to take the deepest and at the same time fast breath and full exhalation

Where is the best place to swim

The effectiveness of swimming depends not only on the style, but also on the location. Today, the most accessible is swimming in the pool. But, unfortunately, this is an artificial reservoir - not the most useful. It is best to use the hot season, when you can treat yourself to swimming in the sea, lake or river.

A natural reservoir differs not only in water quality, but also in other advantages:

Waves create additional obstacles, which increases the load during swimming
Sea water, saturated with salts and minerals, has a healing effect on the skin and on the whole body.

Classes in the pool remain the most accessible, especially in conditions big city. Among the clear advantages is the opportunity to use the pool all year round. Both in winter and summer, you can set aside time for training, thereby combining business with pleasure, strengthening your physical and mental health.

But at the same time, one should also remember how the pool can be harmful, and why doctors constantly focus on this:

A huge number of microorganisms live in water, which actively multiply in a warm and humid environment. Regular water treatment does not destroy them, but keeps their number normal.
After swimming in the pool, warts, a fungal infection, and even lichen can appear.
Swimming pools, which are allowed without a health certificate, should be alarming and arouse suspicion. Going here for health, you can only lose it
Large doses of disinfectants adversely affect the condition of the skin. Chlorine can cause irritation and allergic reactions. It is recommended to visit the pool with combined cleaning - bleach plus ozone

Water is no joke

Remembering the benefits of swimming, we should not forget about the precautions. Otherwise, swimming can turn into an unexpected tragedy. Going to the beach or to the pool, everyone is looking forward to a pleasant rest and fun, but they often forget about the elementary rules, which, without exaggeration, can sometimes save someone's life:

Fig.3 Rules for safe behavior on the water

It is not recommended to go to the reservoir alone, especially in very hot weather.
Choose places for swimming should be where the bottom is clean, there are no currents and whirlpools
Enter the water carefully, especially not knowing the terrain
Every 10-15 minutes spent in the water, you should take a break. Hypothermia is fraught with the appearance of life-threatening convulsions
No need to swim and eat at the same time
It is not recommended to enter the water during strong waves.
Don't try to swim against the current. Instead, go with the flow towards the shore.
Beware of whirlpools and currents
When entangled in algae, do not make sudden movements so that the loops of plants do not tighten even more.

In terms of safety, the pool has a distinct advantage.

For those who are afraid of water and do not know how to swim, it is equally scary that in the pool, that in a natural reservoir. Fear binds the body, does not allow you to relax and prevents you from learning to swim. The older the person, the more difficult it is to overcome him. Such people should not go far from the coast, especially without having life-saving equipment with them.

Secret Have a good mood, beauty, cheerfulness and even success in business lies in a simple and affordable activity. After all, every meter of the path that you managed to overcome in the pool, on the sea, in the lake or in the river is your investment in good health and good health for years to come.

Watch an interesting video about beneficial effect swimming on the body

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Hosted at http://www.allbest.ru/

abstract

Influencee swimming on the human body

Vveating

swimming breathing cardiovascular

At present, our state is facing quite acute problems of the health of the younger generation, education in children of the need for healthy way life, healthy leisure. These problems have been repeatedly discussed by the public, socialists in various fields of activity, and the media.

Without disputing the complexity and variability of the solution of this problem, in our opinion, the priorities should still be for the means of physical culture and sports. And in this regard, despite the knowledge, issues related to the initial training of motor skills and abilities are still relevant.

Among other mass sports, in our opinion, only swimming combines the possibility of a harmonious development of the body, a pronounced health-improving orientation, an important applied value, and the emotional appeal of the aquatic environment.

1 . ATeffect of water temperature on the human body

The heat capacity of water is 4 times greater, and the thermal conductivity is 25 times higher than that of air. Therefore, the human body reacts much more strongly to the temperature of the water. Due to this reaction, changes occur in various systems. The body trains to endure temperature changes.

Human blood circulation in the aquatic environment varies depending on the temperature of the water and the duration of its exposure. So, when exposed to ice (0-13°C), cold (14-22°C) or room temperature water (23-29°C), and at low loads and warm (up to 32°C) water, the body's reaction proceeds according to following scheme: proprioceptors, reacting to temperature, increase the tone of peripheral vessels, narrowing them (to reduce heat loss by the body), as a result, the amount of blood that returns to the heart increases, which leads to increased work. As a result of overcoming dosed and feasible loads during systematic exercises, the heart muscle is strengthened (the heart actually trains).

When working in water above 32°C, the body reacts differently. Vasodilation occurs to prevent overheating of the body. A decrease in vascular tone increases peripheral blood supply, tissue trophism, and a decrease in the tone of muscle tissues leads to their softening (including scar and contracture tissues), a decrease in edema, and an increase in joint mobility. At a temperature of 36-37 ° C, pain sensations are dulled. These body reactions are effectively used for rehabilitation purposes, including when working with infants.

Stay in the water, especially when combined with active motor exercises, is an a good remedy hardening (t ° water is not higher than 32 ° C for children and 29 ° C for adults). With systematic water exercises, the body is trained to quickly adjust to work in conditions that require an increase in heat consumption. The body, accustomed to systematically work with temperature changes, adequately responds to such changes in any situation without stress and a decrease in vitality.

The increased reproduction of heat during swimming requires the activation of metabolic processes, which in turn leads to an improvement in the growth and development of the body and the improvement of its life support systems. What is of particular importance in childhood, since the period of infancy (from 0 to a year) is characterized by the most rapid and significant growth and development of the body as a whole.

It should also be noted that for most people, water is cold, the temperature of which is below 15 ° C. For more hardened people - below 10 ° C. Finally, there are very hardy people who swim in water colder than 5°C. Immersion in very cold water can be a real shock to the body (hyperventilation is a common reaction to sudden immersion in cold water; as a rule, a person takes a spontaneous deep breath, and then cannot even out breathing for 1-3 minutes - breathes deeply and quickly, resulting in a decrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, and an increase in blood pH). This can only be done by healthy people who are regularly hardened and have sufficient experience in swimming in cold water.

It is also important to note the fact that water has a stronger effect on the body than air. Thus, the action of water with a temperature of about 26°C is equated to the action of air with a temperature of about 5°C.

2 . Breathing technique

Breathing in swimming is based on the ability to inhale while above the water and exhale underwater. Although exhalation is not so important. The main thing is to be able to breathe while above the water.

There are only four ways to swim, but the basis of breathing is one - to inhale above the water. It would seem nothing complicated, but the fact is that during swimming, in addition to the fact that a person is actively moving, his chest works, overcoming water pressure, and it is clear that in order to take a breath, you need to apply much great effort than in everyday life.

This explains why swimming is much more effective than running for developing endurance. In martial arts, swimming is often used to increase endurance. This method has not become widespread only because not everyone has the opportunity to swim regularly, and even in any season.

Learning how to breathe properly while swimming is difficult, but quite possible. You just need to control yourself all the time while breathing, and you need to breathe with effort. This means to inhale strongly, and while exhaling, exhale the air with all your lungs. After all, you need to keep an even rhythm of breathing, as this is very important.

After all, if you inhale as much as you need, and exhale more or less than it should be, this will be an incomplete breathing cycle, which of course gives a ragged breathing cycle, which in turn will not allow you to take a full breath. And it takes only a few such cycles to feel the lack of oxygen. And now, having swum only ten or one and a half meters, a person begins to suffocate.

Proper breathing when swimming: simple recommendations

* It is necessary to constantly monitor that the breathing corresponds to the movements, remaining even and rhythmic.

* Inhale should be twice as long as exhalation. That is, a short and powerful breath is taken, and the exhalation is twice as long as the inhalation.

* Be sure to hold your breath between inhalation and exhalation.

* To maintain a high swimming speed, you need to take deep rare breaths, performing several movements on the exhale. This is done because when you inhale, the speed decreases sharply, as the resistance of the water increases.

* And the last thing: no one is immune from getting water into the respiratory tract. But if you master the art of keeping an even rhythm of breathing, then it is quite possible to clear your throat without interrupting the process of swimming and without even knocking down even breathing.

3. Ozdorovalswimming effect

Swimming is one of the most effective means of promoting health and physical development of a person, from the first months of life to old age.

So the well-known American socialist in the field of health technologies, Kenneth Ku??r, calls swimming the second most effective type of aerobic exercise (after skiing), which also involves all the major muscles.

Also evidence of the health-improving effect of swimming are examples when children with a lack of physical development come to go in for swimming, weakened after suffering from illnesses and become famous athletes. So it was with Don Fraser - the champion of three Olympic Games, who came to swimming lessons after suffering from polio. And the future champion of Europe and the USSR, Tina Lekveishvili, was brought by her mother to swim, worried about her poor posture.

Honored Master of Sports V. Kusluhin, world record holder M. Sokolova in the past tuberculosis patients.

In 1971, the International Swimming Federation (FINA) recognized swimming as important additional source health for infants and recommended that the medical committees of all national swimming federations be involved in the mass development of swimming among infants, organizing in their countries a wide popularization of the methodology for using this effective health remedy.

4 . Effects of swimming on the cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems

Those who systematically go in for swimming have a physiological decrease in the pulse to 60 or less beats per minute. At the same time, the heart muscle works powerfully and economically.

So, as a result of swimming, positive changes occur in the cardiovascular system (in the form of increased contractility of the muscular wall of blood vessels and improved heart function), which lead to faster transport of oxygenated blood to peripheral parts of the body and internal organs, which contributes to activation of the general metabolism.

The mechanism of the positive impact of swimming on the respiratory system is the active training of the respiratory muscles, increased mobility of the chest, pulmonary ventilation, vital capacity of the lungs, oxygen consumption by the blood. When swimming, the most distant parts of the lungs participate in breathing, and as a result, stagnation in them is excluded.

In addition, swimming with breath holding, diving, diving under water train resistance to hypoxia.

All of the above allows us to conclude that swimming is an effective means of strengthening and developing the respiratory system.

When swimming, a person is in a state of hydrostatic weightlessness, which unloads the musculoskeletal system from the pressure of body weight on it - this creates conditions for normalizing posture disorders, increases motor capabilities and promotes their development. The indicator of total mobility in the joints of swimmers is significantly higher than that of athletes of other socializations. Performing swimming movements with arms and legs involves almost all the muscles of the body, which contributes to the harmonious development of muscles.

It should also be noted that when practicing swimming, there is practically no risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system.

According to its dynamic characteristics, swimming is one of the available means of physical culture for people of different ages and fitness levels.

5 . The role of swimming in the metabolic process

Swimming requires a lot of energy. So, in just a two-hour workout, a swimmer can lose up to 2 kg of weight. Where does the released energy go? Part of it is spent on warming the swimmer's body, and the other part is used to perform swimming movements.

Energy costs are compensated by enhanced nutrition. Thus, swimming activates the metabolism. Naturally, fat people who dream of losing excess weight by swimming and not increasing their usual diet can easily fulfill their dream.

During swimming, many physiological processes in the human body proceed differently than on land, due to the fact that his body falls into unusual conditions. These conditions are determined by the fact that in water the human body is in a state of half gravity. Thus, when holding the breath on a full breath, the body itself easily floats to the surface of the water, and on a full exhalation, it sinks. In a state of half gravity, stimuli formed under new conditions act on the cerebral cortex from the side of the musculoskeletal system, heart, lungs and other organs. The responses of the brain also change. As a result, the depth of breathing increases, the activity of the cardiovascular system improves, metabolism is activated, etc.

In addition, the ongoing changes in the blood increase the protective properties of its immune system, increasing resistance to infectious and colds.

6 . The effect of swimming on the nervous and immune systems

Regular swimming lessons are a powerful factor influencing the higher nervous activity of a person.

The action of the temperature of water balances the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system, improves the blood supply to the brain.

Water, gently flowing around the body, massaging the nerve endings in the skin and muscles, has a beneficial effect on the central nervous system, calms, and relieves fatigue. After swimming, a person falls asleep easier, sleeps more soundly, his attention and memory improve.

Having considered the health-improving effect of swimming on the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous systems, and the musculoskeletal system, it should certainly be noted that, in addition, swimming is an effective means of hardening, increasing resistance to colds and exposure to low temperatures. In addition, the ongoing changes in the blood increase the protective properties of its immune system, increasing resistance to infectious and colds.

So, as a result of swimming, a versatile positive effect is exerted on the human body. For recreational purposes, swimming is available and useful for almost all age categories.

7 . Applied value of swimming

Nowadays, the ability to swim is a vital applied skill.

A large number of accidents on the water are due to the fact that people do not know how to swim. According to UNESCO, every year, out of every million people inhabiting our planet, about 120 people drown.

In Russia, about 25 thousand people die on the water every year. This is much more than in other local wars where modern weapons are used.

And such an indicator as the number of drowned people per 100 thousand people in our country is noticeably higher than in France, Germany, Italy, Scandinavian countries, USA, Japan, UK.

More than half of those who die on the water are people who cannot swim and violate the rules of behavior on the water. Anyone who cannot swim, being on the shore of a reservoir or in the water, endangers his life. In this regard, the priority application function of swimming is to save people's lives.

In this situation, priority value acquires mastery of the skills and abilities of applied swimming in the conditions of a swimming pool. These conditions are characterized by water clarity, depth information, relatively small water surface area, and the presence of a swimming socialist. All this contributes to the effective mastery of the following skills and abilities of applied swimming: diving and moving under water, diving to a depth, searching for an object at the bottom without social equipment, moving through the water with applied swimming styles, transporting drowning people and providing them with first aid. help.

The ability to swim is necessary in professional activities related to the aquatic environment: fleet workers, fishermen, builders and maintenance personnel of hydraulic structures, workers of various water injections.

In addition, swimming is part of professional and applied training in the Armed Forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Wconclusion

In conclusion, it should be said that it is necessary to follow the instructions and rules of behavior on the water

Choose the right time for classes and load. According to experts, it is better to swim twice a week for 25 minutes. Depending on the purpose of the classes, build a personal schedule. To relax, calm down, you need to take small breaks in the heats. For enhanced muscle training, try to swim continuously for 25 minutes, but with a change in styles. Follow the rhythm and correctness of breathing, inhale through the nose, exhale through the nose and mouth at the same time. Speed does not play a special role in increasing stamina. If you want to relax, the most acceptable position is on your back, arms to the side, muscles relaxed, head slightly thrown back.

Swimming should be done no earlier than an hour after eating, so as not to provoke dizziness. Before the swim, you should take a cool shower, enter the water slowly so that a sharp change in temperature does not lead to vasoconstriction and, as a result, pain in the heart muscle. When the body has cooled and got used to it, you can completely immerse yourself in water. It is desirable that the water temperature is not lower than 20 ° C (in natural reservoirs). A lower temperature supercools the body and, if you are not a prepared "walrus", you can catch a cold and get sick.

Bibliography

1. Vorobyov A.N. Sports family - M .: Physical culture and sport, 1987

2. Volkov V.M. On the problem of development of motor abilities // Theory and practice of physical culture. - M .: Physical culture and sport, 1993. - No. 5-6.

3. Apanasenko G.L. The health we choose. - Kyiv: Knowledge, 1989

4. Axelrod S.L. Sports and health. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1988

Hosted on Allbest.ru

...