Ancient Rome began its history with a small village in Italy, which appeared in the 9th century BC. Today it is the beautiful capital of Italy - a beautiful city, which is called the center of the Catholic world. The entire history of Rome covers approximately 2800 years. The development of Rome is divided into eras that were created through the territorial and state development of the country. Each era is famous for its architectural buildings and monuments.
The Campus Martius is the historical part of Rome. It is located on the left bank of the Tiber River. Initially, competitions and military reviews were held on it. After the expulsion of the Tarquins, public and military meetings were held on the field. In ancient times, the Campus Martius meant the battlefield. Periodically, the rulers of Rome gathered people to announce important news. Sometimes public executions were staged on it.
The Field of Mars is dedicated to Mars, the god of war. Mars was the guardian and ancestor of Ancient Rome. A monument was erected in his honor outside the city walls, on the Field of Mars. Armed troops could not enter the territory of the city. Only on its territory it was allowed to be with weapons. In the center was an altar to the god Mars. Subsequently, this center of the field, under the name Campus, remained free, while other parts were built up. For a long time, on it, young men demonstrated their ability to wield weapons. Soldiers were reviewed, after which they were sent on campaigns.
Horse races were held every year for the Feast of Equirius. The Champ de Mars was large and hosted several events at the same time. Everyone could choose for themselves entertainment to taste. It was always crowded with people. The field of Mars has the shape of a crescent. This large plot of land was dedicated by Tsar Tarquinius to the god Mars. From the beginning of the reign of Caesar, the corps of soldiers was moved to Celio Hill, and Roman citizens began to live on the territory of the Field of Mars.
To date, this territory is built up with various buildings and structures, many temples have been erected on it, one of them is the Pantheon temple. The Campus Martius is a landmark of ancient Rome, famous for the events that took place in it. As such, the Field of Mars does not exist, only its borders remain. Tourists can only hear the story about the existence of the Field of Mars and see the sights that are located on it.
(Campus Martius). - That was the name of a part of the city of Rome, on the left ber. Tiber, originally intended for military and gymnastic exercises. Since the expulsion of the Tarquins, military and civil assemblies have taken place here. As a place of military exercises, the field was dedicated to Mars, who had, in its center, his altar. This center of the field was subsequently left free, under the name Campus proper, while the rest of the field was built up.
Wed Becker, "Handbuch der Römischen Allertümer" (I vol.); L. Preller, "Die Regionen der Stadt Rom" (Jena, 1846); Gilbert, "Geschichte und Topographie der Stadt Rom in Altertum" (Lpts., 1883-1890); H. Jordan, "Topographie der Stadt Rom im Altertum" (B., 1871).
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65. THE FIELD OF MARS It was not the seer who bordered With ditches and dusty sadness Yours, the river of people's forces, Already a solemn mouth. The horses are reared, And the slender squads know, What is equal to the voice of fate A single cry of a cock. Oh, only a turn and a call - And the armor and helmets will shine
Field of Mars and a monument to A. V. Suvorov. Engraving by B. Patersen. 1807
CHAPTER SEVEN Field of Mars When my hand is empty, I keep a shovel in it. And I sit on the back of a bull when I walk. FUDESHI (497-569) CLOSE, darkish bathroom. Dirty cream walls. But it's the perfect place to think. The rest of the rooms are noisy, but there is no hubbub here
Field of Mars During the time of Peter I, on the left bank of the Neva, there was a vast wasteland, which was called the Amusing Field. After the death of Peter, they began to call it the Tsaritsyn meadow, and a little later - the Field of Mars. In March 1917, the funeral of the victims of the February Revolution took place there.
Field of Mars 1720. At the beginning of the 18th century, to the west of the Summer Garden, there was a marshy field overgrown with stunted trees and shrubs. In 1711-1716, the forest was cut down and two canals were dug from the Neva to the Moika to drain the swamps - Swan, which still exists, and Red,
Field of Mars During the years of the February Revolution, on the Field of Mars, which was previously a military parade ground, they began to bury people who died during armed clashes between government troops and the people. The coffins were lowered into a mass grave, the names of the buried remained
Field of Mars At the beginning of the 18th century, a marshy field, overgrown with trees and shrubs, stretched to the west of the Summer Garden. In 1711-1716, the forest was cut down and two canals were dug from the Neva to the Moika to drain the swamps - Lebyazhy, which still exists, and Krasny, along the modern
Champ de Mars is a public park in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, between the Eiffel Tower in the northwest and the Military School in the southwest. Its territory was used for parades, and from 1867 world exhibitions were regularly held on it. It was here that
Field of Mars By the time of the founding of St. Petersburg, the vast space between Bolshaya (now Millionnaya) Street and the Moika was swamped, and in 1711-1716 two canals were dug to drain it - Lebyazhy and Krasny. Already since 1720 this territory was called the Great Meadow.
FIELD OF MARS By the time St. Petersburg was founded, the vast space between Bolshaya (now Millionnaya) Street and the Moika was swamped, and in 1711-1716 two canals were dug to drain it - Lebyazhy and Krasny. Already since 1720 this territory was called the Great Meadow.
** FIELD OF MARS In ancient times, the area around the great bend of the Tiber was called Campo Martius in honor of the god of war (Campo Marzio; lat. Campus Martius). During the era of the Roman Republic, until the II century BC. e., not only people's meetings were held here, but also gathered
Field of Mars Ciccia Bomba: Via del Governo Vecchio 76, tel. 06688 02108. Roman cuisine in an antique interior. On Sundays, homemade egg noodles. Myosotio al centra: Vicolo della Vaccarella 3/5, tel. 0668 65554. Delicate fish dishes and pasta with hare or wild boar gravy (pappardelle in
Champ de Mars in Rome (Campo Marzio, Campo Marzio) - a lowland in the bend of the Tiber River, its area is 250 hectares, between the Quirinal, Pincho and the Capitoline Hills, which served as a place for gymnastics and military exercises. The central part of the field, where an altar to Mars was erected, later remained free, acquiring the name Campo (Campo) and even in Ancient Rome was transformed into a military memorial, and all other space was built up.
The history of the Field of Mars is closely linked to the military glory of Rome. In antiquity, there was a campus (Campo) - barracks and other buildings for the needs of a large army: hospitals, training fields, an arsenal. In the central part, there was a sculpture of Mars, the god of war and the patron of all Ancient Rome, as if watching what was happening, and an altar.
Following the expulsion of the Tarquinii (5th century BC), the status of the Campus Martius in Rome changed. From now on, it became a place of public meetings, military reviews and sports competitions, the Equiria was celebrated annually, accompanied by horse races. On a vast territory, anyone could find entertainment for themselves.
Villa Publica is considered to be the first public building on the Champ de Mars. The structure, which appeared in 435 BC, was essentially 300 meters of cleared space, surrounded by a small portico. This place was used for systematic (every five years) collection for political purposes.
During the days of the Punic Wars in the third century BC, many battles were fought outside of Rome and its environs. But the wealthy commanders, who returned from campaigns, recognized it as their duty to honor the memory of those who fell in battle and raise glory to their gods. And so, the Field of Mars turned out to be built up with various temples and tombs.
In 221 BC, the consul Flaminius built a circus for horse racing and plebeian games in the southern part of the Campus Martius in Rome. A path was built to the circus, which combined the gates of del Popolo and the crossing over the Tiber - the Via Flaminia. The Circus Flaminius has not survived to this day.
In the days of the Republic, a space appeared on the territory of the Campus Martius in Rome, called the Area Sacra (from Latin - “Holy Land”). This name is more than justified, since four solid structures were erected on a relatively small plot of land in the capital: the Hall of 100 Columns (Hecatostylum), the Baths of Agrippa, the Theater of Pompey, the Flaminius Circus.
Archaeological excavations, which made it possible to find the ruins of ancient temples and public institutions, began in the 20th century and continue to this day. The main decoration of historical monuments now are four-legged fluffy little animals. And the Tore-Argentina square itself became more famous as a place where cats live.
The Temple of Bellona, the patroness of the defenders of the Motherland, was built in 295 BC by Appius Claudius Caecus (from the Latin Appius Claudius Caecus) to the glory of the victory of the Romans over the Etruscans. The sanctuary of the warrior goddess was located on Marsovo in Rome, not far from the theater of Marcellus (Teatro di Marcello). Political meetings were held in the temple, there were receptions in honor of foreign ambassadors, and at the moment the temple is a ruin.
The Temple of Hercules was erected around 120 BC on the hilly bank of the Tiber, then called the Boar Forum (Foro Boario). The round rotunda, entirely framed by columns, is the oldest marble building in Rome, still caressing the eyes of modern travelers. There is a hypothesis that the temple was built at the expense of an olive oil merchant, as evidenced by the inscription on one of the statues in the sanctuary. It is located on the square opposite the Mouth of Truth (Piazza della Bocca della Verita).
In 27 AD, Marcus Agrippa built the first Pantheon - the temple of all the gods, which died in a fire 50 years later, and the most ancient public baths.
The Pantheon, erected by Agrippa, was a structure framed by a portico of huge granite columns of the Corinthian order. The very first version of the grandiose temple did not remain depicted in ancient manuscripts either. It is only known that today's Pantheon is located exactly on the same territory in the Circus Flaminius as its predecessor.
The modern Pantheon was erected in 126 AD by Emperor Hadrian. The temple has several rows of columns crowned with a triangular cross beam. The main part of the temple is hidden under a round dome, in the center of which there is a round window - Oculus (from the Latin "eye").
An exclusive feature: the height to the Eye and the diameter of the dome is the same value - 43.3 meters. There is also a curious binding of the Oculus to the Day of the Spring Equinox and to the Birthday of Rome on April 21!
The temple of Hadrian was built in 145 AD by a descendant of the emperor, Antony Pius (from Latin - Antoninus Pius). The building was executed in a chic style: two rows of thirteen marble columns were erected on a rectangular podium, which supported a luxuriously decorated roof. A wide staircase led to the temple, finished with marble slabs and carved reliefs.
Alas, only eleven columns and part of the wall of the sanctuary have "survived" to this day. The remains of the temple were converted into part of the building of the Roman customs, and later - the stock exchange, erected at the end of the nineteenth century.
Address of the Temple of Hadrian: Piazza di Pietra.
The military leader Lucius Cornelius Sulla in the 2nd century BC endowed the Campus Martius in Rome with popularity among Roman aristocrats. They began to build profitable houses, called insuls, began to erect public buildings. At one time, the desolate territory began to be dynamically built up with houses, porticos, palaces, theaters.
Gnaeus Pompey in 52 BC began the construction of a huge stone theater for 27 thousand people, the amphitheater of which was 158 m in diameter. A monumental public institution is the Pompey Theater, the first theater made of stone. The huge entertainment complex, decorated with fountains and a garden, still contained a curia, where meetings of the Senate were held.
During the Ides of March in 44 BC, the great Gaius Julius Caesar (Gaius Iulius Caesar) was killed within the walls of the Senate of the Theater of Pompeii.
The Theater of Marcellus is an ancient institution that served as a venue for performances under the open sky. The territory for the drama theater was chosen directly by Julius Caesar, most of the construction work was carried out by his successor, Emperor Augustus. The theater was named in honor of the nephew of Augustus - Marcus Marcellus, who died in early youth.
The institution, which in its best days could accommodate about 20,000 spectators, has been decently preserved since the days of Ancient Rome. Sometimes small summer concerts are held on the site of the Theater of Marcellus.
During the reign of Emperor Augustus, a voting place for the inhabitants of Rome, Saepta Julia, was equipped on the Campus Martius in Rome. The huge structure (300 x 95 m) was intended for the needs of the Roman rulers for a long time, until it fell into complete decline in the 3rd century AD. Although, a fragment of the wall of the Septa Julius can be seen near the Pantheon.
Not far from the theater of Marcellus and the circus of Flaminius are the ruins of a portico erected in honor of the sister of Emperor Augustus, Octavia (Octavia Minor). The construction was created around 27 BC, but at the dawn of the Christian era, the building, finished with expensive marble, burned twice. Previously, in the walls of the portico of Octavia, it was possible to see works of art, for example, Pliny's Natural History. Following significant upheavals, the building was used as a fish market, and then fell into disrepair.
In the thirteenth year BC, the Roman Senate presented to Emperor Augustus a monument - the Altar of Peace, so named in honor of the goddess of peace, Pax.
A huge open-view altar, subtly decorated with carved slabs, was placed on the Campus Martius in Rome in the western part of the Via Flaminius. For a long time, a monument erected to the glory of imperial victories was recognized as lost, until in the sixteenth century a number of its elements were brought to light.
In the nineteenth century, extensive excavations made it possible to reproduce most of the monument. And only in 1938 the sacred Altar of Peace was again erected under the direction of Benito Mussolini opposite the Mausoleum of Augustus. At present, a structure has been erected over the ancient monument, protecting it from the vagaries of nature.
The Mausoleum of Augustus is a tomb built by the emperor in 28 BC. The tomb contains several concentric rings of brick and earth stacked one on top of the other. In the past, the roof of the mausoleum was crowned with an equestrian statue of Augustus, which has not survived.
The remains of relatives and heirs of the emperor were kept in the tomb: sister, son-in-law, adopted son, Augustus himself, his wife Livia and many others.
The Mausoleum of Augustus was plundered more than once, restoration work was carried out only under Mussolini. But at present, passage inside the monument is prohibited, travelers can only admire its decadent beauty from the outside. Now the monument is located on the banks of the Tiber near the Augusto Imperatore Square (Piazza Augusto Imperatore).
Following a fire in AD 64, Emperor Domitian had to rebuild many of Rome's public spaces. Specifically, today's Navona Square (Piazza Navona), at one time was a stadium on the Champ de Mars in Rome, where all the important sports and social events of the capital took place.
The 30-meter column was built at the end of the Marcomannic War (166-180 AD) between Rome and the Germanic tribes. The marble pillar is densely decorated with battle scenes, in which the valor of the emperor and commander Marcus Aurelius, as well as his army, is famous.
In the original, a statue of the emperor was placed at the top of the column, which in the Middle Ages was replaced by a sculpture of the Apostle Paul. The pillar is perfectly preserved and is open for inspection at the Column Square (Piazza Colonna).
The modern Champ de Mars in Rome is a segment of the historical center, one of the 22 districts in the capital, which has preserved the historical layout and buildings. In the center is the Field of Mars in Rome, an undeveloped square-square, which still keeps the memory of the military glory of their ancestors.
In the future, Campo Marzio has repeatedly changed its appearance, but failed to return its former brilliance. Transformed into a typical residential area in Rome, the Campus Martius in Rome was built up with apartment buildings, which inevitably led to the destruction of ancient monuments. Ancient temples replaced the palaces of wealthy citizens: Borghese (Borghese), Firenze (Firenze), Ruspoli (Ruspoli) and many others.
Tickets to the Vatican bypassing the queue.Field of Mars
(Campus Martius). An open place outside the walls of Rome where the military and gymnastic exercises of the Roman youths took place and where the Roman people gathered to elect officials.
Brief Dictionary of Mythology and Antiquities.
2012On the left bank of the Tiber River, originally intended for military and gymnastic exercises. Since the expulsion of the Tarquins, military and civil assemblies have taken place here. As a place of military exercises, the field was dedicated to Mars, who had his altar in its center. This center of the field was subsequently left free, under the name Campus proper, while the rest of the field was built up.