The social consequences of bad habits are summarized. The consequences of bad habits for humans. How to get rid of bad habits

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Budget educational institution

secondary vocational education of the Udmurt Republic

"Izhevsk Medical College

named after the Hero of the Soviet Union F.A. Pushina

Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic "

Bad habits and their social consequences

Completed

Andriyanova Regina Sergeevna

1st year student of 211 groups

Checked by the teacher:

Stolbov Anotoly Ivanovich

Izhevsk - 2014

Introduction

The factors harmful to health - drunkenness and smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction are sometimes very softly and liberally talked about and written as "bad habits". Nicotine and alcohol are called "cultural poisons". But it is they, these "cultural" poisons, that bring a lot of troubles and sufferings - in families, in work collectives, they are a social evil for society. Moreover, as a result of bad habits, life expectancy is reduced, the mortality rate of the population rises, and inferior offspring are born.

Among the factors that negatively affect health, smoking occupies a large place, the harmful effect of which does not affect immediately, but gradually, gradually.

Numerous surveys of the population have shown that many do not know or do not know enough about the dangers and all the consequences of smoking.

Drunkenness is, first of all, licentiousness, a personal vice of a person: lack of will, unwillingness to reckon with the opinion of doctors, the public, with the data of science; it is selfishness, a soulless attitude towards the family, towards children. There are no excuses and there can be no excuses for drunkards.

Sobriety should become the norm of life for every member of our society, and first of all among student youth. However, there are people who in the concept of "drunkenness" include only the systematic use of alcoholic beverages in large quantities, contrasting this with the so-called "cultural use". There is an opinion that alcohol in moderation is not harmful and contributes to increased work capacity.

1. Alcoholism

1.1 Features of the effects of alcohol on the human body

Alcohol, or alcohol, is a narcotic poison; it acts primarily on brain cells, paralyzing them. A dose of 7-8 g of pure alcohol per 1 kg of body weight is fatal for humans. An adult weighing 75 kg can die from taking 1 liter of forty-degree vodka.

In chronic alcohol poisoning, the degeneration of nerve cells occurs and at the same time the activity of the internal organs - the liver, kidneys, stomach and intestines - is disrupted. Alcohol contributes to the development of tuberculosis. Systematic drunkenness predisposes to various diseases, leads to the development of premature old age, shortens life.

Taking even small amounts of alcohol, reducing performance, leads to rapid fatigue, absent-mindedness, complicates perception, and significantly weakens the will. True, a drunk person develops a feeling of heightened mood, and it seems to him that he began to work better, faster. However, this happens because alcohol weakens important mental processes in the human cerebral cortex.

Most drunkards grew up in families with unfavorable relationships between parents, in families where alcoholic beverages were often consumed.

Many traffic accidents are related to alcohol consumption. Studies by Czechoslovak scientists have shown that a mug of beer taken by a driver before leaving increases the number of accidents caused by his fault by 7 times, when taking 50 g of vodka - 30 times, and taking 200 g of vodka - 130 times! Some people completely unreasonably consider alcoholic beverages a miracle cure that can cure almost all diseases. Meanwhile, medical science has proven that alcoholic beverages do not have any healing effects.

Weak-willed people resort to the ghostly help of alcohol in all cases of adversity and deprivation, grief and failure in the hope of creating an impression of well-being for themselves, instead of mobilizing all forces to overcome difficulties. The grief from vodka will not decrease, but willpower, the ability to fight will be lost.

Scientists have proven that there are no safe doses of alcohol, 100 g of vodka already kills 7.5 thousand actively working brain cells.

1.2 Social and psychological reasons for drinking alcohol

What are the reasons for such a widespread distribution of alcoholic beverages? One of them is the properties of alcohol itself, its ability to have a euphoric effect to create a mood of pleasure. That is why alcoholic beverages were an indispensable attribute of various holidays and rituals even during the primitive communal system and at later stages of the development of human society.

Another, no less important reason for the widespread use of alcohol is its ability to relieve tension, create the illusion of well-being. A person begins to think that difficulties, everyday adversities do not matter much.

The reasons that give rise to the abuse of alcohol include the complication of the social environment of a person, the complication of production and industrial relations. One of the forms of complication of the social environment - the movement of the rural population to cities - urbanization.

Traditional seasonal alcohol consumption in rural areas is replaced by so-called situational alcohol consumption - less controlled, more frequent, carried out not in a familiar environment, but in random places.

The following factors that are most significant for the development of alcoholism can be indicated: neuropsychic instability, unfavorable socio-professional and climatic-geographical factors, low level of education, lack of upbringing, early onset of independent life, early age at the onset of alcoholism, alcoholic customs of the environment, negative influence of drinkers adults, misunderstanding of the principle of self-assertion, a narrow circle and instability of interests, lack of hobbies and spiritual needs, vacuous spending of free time, conflicts in the family and violation of the family structure, and some others.

Thus, the development of the habit of alcohol consumption and abuse with the subsequent development of alcoholic illness is due to complex complexes of factors. All these factors can be conventionally combined into the following groups.

Alcoholic customs of the social microenvironment (family, immediate environment), early alcoholization.

Neuropsychic instability.

Biologically determined unequal tolerance to alcohol.

1.3 Drunkenness and disability

Labor activity is one of the forms of human adaptation to environmental conditions.

The introduction of alcohol into the human body leads to disorders of mental functions, manifested in changes in sensations, perception, memory, thinking, attention and imagination, disorders of the emotional and volitional sphere. The motor function is upset. The work of the vegetative system, which ensures the stability of the body's functioning, is disrupted.

There are several degrees of intoxication. With a mild degree, the concentration of alcohol in the blood can reach 1-2 cubic cm per liter, with an average degree - 2-3.5 cubic centimeters. cm per liter, exceeding this concentration leads to a state of severe intoxication.

The degree of alcoholic intoxication depends on many factors: the type of alcoholic beverage, the nature of its intake, the rate of absorption of alcohol, the state of the body, gender, age and other characteristics of a person. It increases with fatigue or illness, with low or high ambient temperatures or lack of oxygen.

1.4 Preconditions for early alcoholism

Heredity. Human experience suggests that a genetic predisposition to alcoholism may exist. It is known that in cases of family alcoholism, when several blood relatives drink, children often drink. But a particularly high frequency of drunkenness among children is observed if the background of family alcoholism is further aggravated by crime and antisocial behavior of elders. Because of this, we can conclude that drunkenness increases with heredity burdened not only by the body, but also by other personal deviations.

A family. There are several types of families in which the child starts drinking alcohol more often than in other families. Formal characteristics are important, but not essential. According to sociological studies, teenagers who drink in 31% of cases lived in a structurally disturbed family. In 51% of adolescents, the relationship between parents was conflicting even with a structurally whole family, had a low educational level in 54%, attention to children was insufficient in 53% of families.

The influence of the environment. Modern children see examples of drunkenness from an early age. In kindergartens, 75% of children play "guests" with a mutual "treat" with wine; 34% of girls and 43% of boys have already tried beer; 13% of girls and 30% of boys - vodka. The number of people trying it grows over the years, reaching 75% by the senior grades of school.

Thus, children not only observe wine drinking, but also take part in it. However, only in isolated cases does a teenager start to abuse. At the same time, drunkenness in the environment is so common that a teenager who does not drink alcohol is surprised: why does he not drink?

Deviations in adolescent behavior. Several characteristics of the behavior of a teenager drinking alcohol are known. A directly proportional relationship was established between alcohol abuse, criminality, bad company, academic failure and a large amount of free time. However, the significance of these factors is different. So, not everyone who does not study well, abuse alcohol, on the other hand, drunkenness for some time sometimes does not affect academic performance. A lazy person who is not interested in studying, who was always "not given anything to take home", whether he takes alcohol or not, usually has more free time than a diligent student. Drunkenness and criminality, bad company are often not causally related, but are equivalent consequences of a single cause.

2. Tobacco smoking

2.1 Smoking, nicotinism is the cause of many serious diseases

In social terms, it is less harmful than drunkenness, but smoking is a more common habit. Unfortunately, many people smoke: men, women, the elderly, teenagers. However, not everyone imagines what a great evil smoking is, how badly nicotine, this "cultural" poison, affects the body.

Scientific research in later years confirms and deepens our understanding of the effects of tobacco smoke on the body - nicotine. Many people believe that tobacco excites energy, increases efficiency, calms the nervous system, which is categorically refuted by medical science data. It has been established that a seemingly harmless cloud of smoke contains toxic substances that have an effect not only on the smoker's body, but also on the health of others, and especially children. In addition to nicotine, tobacco smoke contains other harmful substances, namely: carbon monoxide, pyridine bases, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen, and essential oils.

In a novice smoker, even one smoked cigarette can cause acute poisoning, which is characterized by: nausea, pallor, cold sweat, general weakness, increased heart rate, dizziness, tinnitus. The smoke from 25 cigarettes contains about two drops of pure nicotine, that is, the amount of poison that is enough to kill a dog. A mouse dies instantly if one drop of nicotine is put into its eye. A single dose of 0.08-0.16 g of nicotine is fatal to humans. For 30 years, an adult smokes an average of 200 thousand cigarettes, or 160 kg of tobacco, which contains 800 g of nicotine, equal to 10 lethal doses.

2.2 Prevalence of tobacco smoking and its causes

The habit of smoking has spread to a remarkable part of the world's population today. According to rough estimates, about half of men and a quarter of all women smoke.

In recent years, sales of tobacco products in developed countries have increased by 40%. In most European countries, about 50% of adult men smoke more than 15 cigarettes daily.

The prevalence of smoking is influenced by factors such as education and profession. Thus, people with higher education smoke less often than those with secondary education. The largest number of smokers have primary education.

Among students of various medical institutes, they want to quit smoking: men - from 50 to 88%, women - from 42 to 65% of respondents. The majority associated their desire with poor health.

A survey of smokers who are aware of the harm of tobacco showed that 43.9% of them cannot quit smoking because it has become a habit, 26% lack willpower, the rest named other reasons or did not answer.

It should be noted that all over the world, especially in America and Western Europe and to a lesser extent in Russia, the increase in smokers is due to adolescents and women. There are about the same number of adult men smoking in our country as there were in the 30s and 40s. At the same time, tobacco production, excluding imports, increased due to an increase in adolescent and female smokers.

The number of smokers especially increases between the ages of 12-16. The largest percentage of smokers are boys 18 years old and girls 15-16 years old. alcoholism smoking habit addiction

Unfortunately, the number of schoolchildren who smoke in our country is relatively large. It is not the same in different regions. Thus, among randomly selected groups of 11th grade students in Moscow, 62.5% of boys and 16.7% of girls smoke.

The attraction to smoking tobacco occurs at an age when school, parents, and the public can have a great positive impact. Do not forget that although the smoking habit develops in childhood and adolescence, a negative attitude towards tobacco also develops during this period of life. The need to smoke is not inherent in the body. It appears due to insufficient education and the influence of the environment. Schoolchildren are drawn to a cigarette, because smoking is fashionable, "prestigious".

Children tend to imitate adults. Smoking by parents, especially mothers, has an extremely negative effect. The reason for smoking in boys aged 8-9 was: the influence of friends - in 26.8% of cases, curiosity - in 23.2%, self-indulgence - in 17.8%, imitation of adults - in 16.7% of cases. In the process of preparing to enter "adult life," adolescents acquire "adult norms" of behavior, including smoking. Teenagers see smoking as a sign of independence and adulthood. Smoking in a company becomes a kind of obligation, a ritual, a means of rallying. Senior pupils and junior students do not want to lag behind the "fashion", there are some compelling reasons forcing them to smoke. Usually, children and adolescents, in order not to seem weak, hide from their comrades the unpleasant sensations caused by the first smoked cigarettes. Gradually, their body adapts, a habit is developed, which is already difficult to get rid of.

One of the main reasons for girls smoking is "fashion". In our age, it is possible and fashionable for a "modern woman" to smoke, this supposedly confirms independence, complete equality with a man. The very process of smoking for a girl is elevated into a certain ritual. This is a leisurely reaching for a cigarette, slowly kneading it with your fingers with a conspicuous manicure, lighting from a lighter or a match that is pretentiously brought up, smoking with the release of smoke through a ring of folded painted lips. It seems to her that all this "suits her", allows her to be considered modern. However, the property of fashion is that it comes and goes, and the changes in the body caused by smoking can remain.

Smoking is more and more passed from one generation to the next. It, like a habit, has entered the life of many people, becoming a solid need in life.

According to many scientists, smoking is one of the types of human social behavior. The very process of smoking is an essential element in human communication.

Others suffer

Tobacco smoke is not only inhaled by the smoker, but also enters the surrounding air. Outside of a puff, it mainly creates the conditions for secondhand smoke. Half of the smoke gets into the air, plus the one that the smoker exhales. It is quite clear that such air is polluted with nicotine, carbon monoxide, ammonia, resins, benzpyrene, radioactive substances and other harmful components.

In a room where people smoke, air pollution can increase up to 6 times. Girls who work in the air of institutions saturated with cigarette smoke seem to smoke up to 20 cigarettes daily. The wife of an intensely smoking man passively smokes 10-12 cigarettes per day, and his children - 6-7.

It should be noted that secondhand smoke is extremely harmful for people with chronic diseases of the lungs and heart.

2.3 Smoking and working capacity

There is an opinion that smoking enhances performance, and many hide behind this myth. In fact, for a very short time, nicotine acts as an aphrodisiac, then quickly reduces and impairs performance, both physical and mental.

Under the influence of smoking, visual acuity decreases. The sniper, who out of 100 possible knocked out 96 points, after smoking several cigarettes, knocked out only 40 points.

Sports and smoking are incompatible. Significant physical activity during training and competition aggravates the severity of the consequences of smoking. The heart muscle of an athlete who smokes is weakened. Under the influence of nicotine, coordination of movements worsens, and their accuracy decreases.

3. Addiction

3.1 About drug addiction and substance abuse

The use of various drugs - drug addiction - is a real scourge in many countries of the world. According to the World Health Organization, drugs ranked first among the culprits of premature deaths and have already identified cardiovascular diseases and malignant tumors. All over the world there is a wave of drug addiction among men and women. Behind them, young men, girls, teenagers and even children are drawn into this pool.

Any drug is dangerous, even a one-time test. When the sample is repeated, a habit emerges imperceptibly but inevitably. In the absence of a drug, a person experiences a painful condition - abstinence. Despair, anxiety, irritability, impatience, pain in bones and muscles haunt him; he suffers from severe insomnia or nightmares as if tortured. Taking drugs stops this agony. But not for long. The body needs a new shake-up. And again, under the influence of the drug, the nervous system is excited. Ecstasy, painful delight, illusion, or hallucinations may occur. But then, as if there is a fall from the top into a deep abyss - braking follows. The mood becomes extremely depressed, depressed, severe depression sets in.

Addicts achieve intoxication using aerosols - volatile poisonous substances that, when inhaled, are quickly absorbed by the lungs and just as instantly penetrate the brain. Aerosols, like alcohol, delay the flow of oxygen into the blood, and, as you know, the human brain and the central nervous system cannot do without oxygen. Shortness of breath, loss of self-control, sometimes loss of consciousness are the most typical signs and consequences of substance abuse.

Aerosol intoxication, repeated several times, can be fatal. The medical literature describes cases with tragic consequences. The teenager, having breathed in aerosols, fell from the balcony of a high floor. The other lost consciousness and fell off a steep cliff into the river. Cases were recorded when drug addicts simply died from suffocation.

Inhalation of aerosols, colloidal liquid mixtures, as established in the course of research, disrupts the activity of the kidneys and liver, organs that a person cannot do without.

It was also revealed that inhalation of some aerosol substances leads to the fact that at the slightest physical exertion, for example, during dancing, critical heart failure occurs.

Even a one-time sample of poisonous aerosols, drugs leaves a trace in the most sensitive nerve cells of the brain, in the liver and kidneys, heart muscles, and in vital organs.

Treating drug addicts is difficult, but not always successful. The timing of treatment depends on how long the teenager has been using drugs. The longer it is, the longer and more complicated the treatment process is.

What exactly is the social danger, harm of drug addiction?

First, drug addicts are poor workers, their physical and mental capacity for work is reduced, all thoughts, dominant are associated with drugs - where and how to get it, use it.

Secondly, drug addiction causes great material and moral damage, causing accidents at work, transport, at home, the cause of injury and morbidity, and various offenses.

Thirdly, drug addicts create unbearable conditions for their families, poisoning it with their presence, behavior, depriving them of their livelihood, committing a grave crime against their offspring.

Fourthly, drug addicts, degrading physically and morally, are a burden for society, they drag other people into this vice, primarily young people, and then die prematurely.

Fifth, drug use is immoral.

Sixth, drug addiction in all its forms is a socially dangerous mental illness that threatens the very future of the nation, the well-being and health of the population of the entire state.

Seventh, drug addicts are at risk for the spread of AIDS.

Conclusion

The human body and his psyche are a very complex system that allows him not only to perfectly adapt to the changing conditions of the environment of existence, but also to actively change it in accordance with his needs.

Alcohol disrupts the body's correct reactions to the effects of the external environment and to various changes in itself as in a well-balanced system; perversely reflects the real world, violates the correctness of mental reactions, makes them inaccurate, not corresponding to the real situation.

It is necessary to create a broad front in the struggle for a healthy lifestyle, against immoral and criminal phenomena, for the happiness and well-being of Soviet people. This struggle must be universal, constant, long-term, stubborn and purposeful.

There is no need to avoid "sensitive" topics, to put on rose-colored glasses on our children, to pretend that there is nothing bad in our life, and if there is, then somewhere far away, in another place. Let them see what they are doing and at what price they buy the "high", let them know that reckoning is inevitable - with their health, happiness, and their lives. And while it is not too late, not hopeless, let us all think together about how to fill these gaping voids. Understand. Help. Save.

Bibliography

Alcohol and labor, educational activities. Authors: R.Ya. Pankova, D.V. Pankov. 1987 year.

A destructive cigarette.

Posted on Allbest.ru

...

abstract

Bad habits

social

effects

Prepared: Dubrovskaya E.S.

student of grade 11 "A"

gymnasium №18 of Krasnodar.

Krasnodar - 2001

Introduction

Among the factors that negatively affect health, smoking occupies a large place, the harmful effect of which does not affect immediately, but gradually, gradually.

Numerous surveys of the population have shown that many do not know or do not know enough about the dangers and all the consequences of smoking.

Drunkenness is, first of all, licentiousness, a personal vice of a person: lack of will, unwillingness to take into account the opinion of doctors, the public, and the data of science; it is selfishness, a soulless attitude towards the family, towards children. There are no excuses and there can be no excuses for drunkards.

Alcoholism

Features of the impact of alcohol on the human body

Alcohol, or alcohol, is a narcotic poison, it acts primarily on brain cells, paralyzing them. A dose of 7 - 8 g of pure alcohol per 1 kg of body weight is fatal for humans. An adult weighing 75 kg can die from taking 1 liter of forty-degree vodka.

Most drunkards grew up in families with unfavorable relationships between parents, in families where alcoholic beverages were often consumed.

Many traffic accidents are related to alcohol consumption. Studies by Czechoslovak scientists have shown that a mug of beer taken by a driver before leaving increases the number of accidents caused by his fault by 7 times, with 50 g of vodka - 30 times, and taking 200 g of vodka - 130 times! Some people completely unreasonably consider alcoholic beverages a miracle cure that can cure almost all diseases. Meanwhile, medical science has proven that alcoholic beverages have no curative effects.

Scientists have proven that there are no safe doses of alcohol, 100 g of vodka already kills 7.5 thousand actively working brain cells.

Social and psychological reasons

drinking alcohol

What are the reasons for such a widespread distribution of alcoholic beverages? One of them is the properties of alcohol itself, its ability to provide euphoric action create a mood of pleasure. That is why alcoholic beverages were an indispensable attribute of various holidays, holidays and rituals even during the primitive communal system and at later stages of the development of human society.

Another, no less important reason for the widespread use of alcohol is its stress relieving property, create the illusion of well-being. A person begins to think that difficulties, everyday adversities do not matter much.

The reasons giving rise to the abuse of alcoholic beverages include complication of the human social environment, complication of production and industrial relations. One of the forms of complication of the social environment - the movement of the rural population to cities - urbanization.

Traditional seasonal consumption alcohol in rural areas is replaced by the so-called situational - less controlled, more frequent, carried out not in a familiar environment, but in random places.

You can indicate the following factors that are most significant for the development of alcoholism: neuropsychic instability, unfavorable socio-professional and climatic-geographical factors, low level of education, lack of upbringing, early onset of independent life, early age at the onset of alcoholism, alcoholic customs of the environment, negative influence of drinking adults, misunderstanding of the principle of self-affirmation, narrow circle and instability interests, lack of hobbies and spiritual needs, vacuous spending of free time, conflicts in the family and violation of family structure and some others.

1. Alcoholic customs of the social microenvironment (family, immediate environment), early alcoholization.

2. Neuropsychic instability.

3. Biologically determined unequal tolerance to alcohol.

Intoxication and working capacity

Labor activity is one of the forms of human adaptation to environmental conditions.

There are several degrees of intoxication. With a mild degree, the concentration of alcohol in the blood can reach 1 - 2 cubic cm per liter, with a medium degree - 2 - 3.5 cubic centimeters. cm per liter, exceeding this concentration leads to a state of severe intoxication.

Prerequisites for early alcoholism

Heredity. Human experience suggests that a genetic predisposition to alcoholism may exist. It is known that in cases of family alcoholism, when several blood relatives drink, children often drink. But a particularly high frequency of drunkenness among children is observed if the background of family alcoholism is further aggravated by crime and antisocial behavior of elders. Because of this, we can conclude that drunkenness increases with heredity burdened not only by the body, but also by other personal deviations.

A family. There are several types of families in which the child starts drinking alcohol more often than in other families. Formal characteristics are important, but not essential. According to sociological studies, teenagers who drink in 31% of cases lived in a structurally disturbed family. In 51% of adolescents, the relationship between parents was conflicting even with a structurally whole family, had a low educational level in 54%, attention to children was insufficient in 53% of families.

The influence of the environment. Modern children see examples of drunkenness from an early age. In kindergartens, 75% of children play "guests" with a mutual "treat" to wine; 34% of girls and 43% of boys have already tried beer; 13% of girls and 30% of boys - vodka. The number of people trying it grows over the years, reaching 75% by the senior grades of school.

Deviations in adolescent behavior. Several characteristics of the behavior of a teenager drinking alcohol are known. A directly proportional relationship was established between alcohol abuse, criminality, bad company, academic failure and a large amount of free time. However, the significance of these factors is different. So, not everyone who does not study well, abuse alcohol, on the other hand, drunkenness for some time sometimes does not affect academic performance. A lazy person who is not interested in studying, who was always "not given anything to take home," whether he takes alcohol or not, usually has more free time than a diligent student. Drunkenness and criminality, bad company are often not causally related, but are equivalent consequences of a single cause.

Smoking

Smoking, nicotinism is the cause of many severe

diseases

In social terms, it is less harmful than drunkenness, but smoking is a more common habit. Unfortunately, many people smoke: men, women, the elderly, teenagers. However, not everyone can imagine what a great evil smoking is, how badly nicotine, this "cultural" poison, affects the body.

Scientific research in later years confirms and deepens our understanding of the effects of tobacco smoke on the body - nicotine. Many believe that tobacco excites energy, increases efficiency, calms the nervous system, which is categorically refuted by the data of medical science. It has been established that at first glance, a harmless cloud of smoke contains toxic substances that have an effect not only on the smoker's body, but also on the health of others, and especially children. In addition to nicotine, tobacco smoke contains and other harmful substances, namely: carbon monoxide, pyridine bases, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen, essential oils.

A single dose of nicotine 0.08 - 0.16 g is fatal to humans. For 30 years, an adult smokes an average of 200 thousand cigarettes, or 160 kg of tobacco, which contains 800 g of nicotine, equal to 10 lethal doses.

Tobacco smoking prevalence and its causes

The habit of smoking has spread to a remarkable part of the world's population today. According to rough estimates, about half of men and a quarter of all women smoke.

In recent years, sales of tobacco products in developed countries have increased by 40%. In most European countries, about 50% of adult men smoke more than 15 cigarettes daily.

Among students of various medical institutes, they want to quit smoking: men - from 50 to 88%, women - from 42 to 65% of respondents. The majority associated their desire with deteriorating health.

The number of smokers especially increases between the ages of 12 and 16. The largest percentage of smokers are boys 18 years old and girls 15-16 years old.

Children tend to imitate adults. Smoking by parents, especially mothers, has an extremely negative effect. The reason for smoking in boys aged 8-9 was: the influence of friends - in 26.8% of cases, curiosity - in 23.2%, self-indulgence - in 17.8%, imitation of adults - in 16.7% of cases. In the process of preparing to enter "adult life", adolescents acquire "adult norms" of behavior, including smoking. Teenagers see smoking as a sign of independence and adulthood. Smoking in a company becomes a kind of obligation, a ritual, a means of rallying. Senior pupils and junior students do not want to lag behind the "fashion", there are some good reasons forcing them to smoke. Usually, children and adolescents, in order not to seem weak, hide from their comrades the unpleasant sensations caused by the first smoked cigarettes. Gradually, their body adapts, a habit is developed, which is already difficult to get rid of.

One of the main reasons for girls smoking is "fashion". In our age, it is possible for a “modern woman” to smoke, and it is fashionable, this supposedly confirms independence, complete equality with a man. The very process of smoking for a girl is elevated into a certain ritual. This is a leisurely reaching for a cigarette, slowly kneading it with your fingers with a conspicuous manicure, lighting a cigarette from a lighter or a match that is pretentiously brought up, smoking with the release of smoke through a ring of folded painted lips. It seems to her that all this "suits her", allows her to be considered modern. However, the property of fashion is that it comes and goes, and the changes in the body caused by smoking can remain.

Smoking is more and more passed from one generation to the next. It, like a habit, has entered the life of many people, becoming a solid need in life.

According to many scientists, smoking is one of the types of human social behavior. The very process of smoking is an essential element in human communication.

Others suffer

It should be noted that secondhand smoke is extremely harmful for people with chronic diseases of the lungs and heart.

Smoking and performance

Under the influence of smoking, visual acuity decreases. The sniper, who out of 100 possible knocked out 96 points, after smoking several cigarettes, knocked out only 40 points.

Addiction

About drug addiction and substance abuse

Any drug is dangerous, even a one-time test. When the test is repeated, a habit emerges imperceptibly but inevitably. In the absence of a drug, a person experiences a painful condition - abstinence. Despair, anxiety, irritability, impatience, pain in bones and muscles haunt him; he suffers from severe insomnia or nightmares as if tortured. Taking drugs stops this agony. But not for long. The body needs a new shake-up. And again, under the influence of the drug, the nervous system is excited. Ecstasy, painful delight, illusion, or hallucinations may occur. But then, as if there is a fall from the top into a deep abyss - deceleration follows. The mood becomes extremely depressed, depressed, severe depression sets in.

Addicts achieve intoxication using aerosols - volatile toxic substances that, when inhaled, are quickly absorbed by the lungs and just as instantly penetrate the brain. Aerosols, like alcohol, delay the flow of oxygen into the blood, and, as you know, the human brain and the central nervous system cannot do without oxygen. Shortness of breath, loss of self-control, sometimes loss of consciousness are the most typical signs and consequences of substance abuse.

Aerosol intoxication, repeated several times, can be fatal. The medical literature describes cases with tragic consequences. The teenager, having breathed in aerosols, fell from the balcony of a high floor. The other lost consciousness and fell off a steep cliff into the river. Cases were recorded when drug addicts simply died from suffocation.

Inhalation of aerosols, colloidal liquid mixtures, as established in the course of research, disrupts the activity of the kidneys and liver, organs that a person cannot do without.

It was also revealed that inhalation of some aerosol substances leads to the fact that at the slightest physical exertion, for example, during dancing, critical heart failure occurs.

Even a one-time sample of poisonous aerosols, drugs leaves a trace in the most sensitive nerve cells of the brain, in the liver and kidneys, heart muscles, and in vital organs.

What exactly is the social danger, harm of drug addiction?

Firstly, drug addicts are bad workers, their ability to work, physical and mental, is reduced, all thoughts, dominant are associated with drugs - where and how to get it, use it.

Secondly, drug addiction causes great material and moral damage, causing accidents at work, in transport, at home, the cause of injury and morbidity, and various offenses.

Thirdly, drug addicts create unbearable conditions for their family, poisoning it with their presence, behavior, depriving them of their livelihood, committing a grave crime against their offspring.

Fourth, drug addicts, degrading physically and morally, are a burden for society, they drag other people into this vice, primarily young people, and then die prematurely.

Fifth, the use of drugs is immoral.

At sixth, drug addiction disease in all its forms is a socially dangerous mental illness that threatens the very future of the nation, the well-being and health of the population of the entire state.

Seventh, drug addicts are at risk for the spread of AIDS.

Conclusion

There is no need to avoid "sensitive" topics, put on rose-colored glasses on our children, pretend that there is nothing bad in our life, and if there is, then somewhere far away, in another place. Let them see what they are doing and at what price they buy the "high", let them know that reckoning is inevitable - with their health, happiness, and their lives. And while it is not too late, not hopeless, let us all think together about how to fill these gaping voids. Understand. Help. Save.

Bibliography

2. Alcohol and labor, educational activities. Authors: R. Ya. Pankova, D. V. Pankov. 1987 year.

4. A fatal cigarette.

Each person has their own preferences and habits. They can be harmful or helpful, bad or good. This article will discuss the consequences of bad habits. You will also learn what exactly are bad hobbies.

Of course, all people have habits. Whether they are good or bad, it is up to the owner to decide. No one has the right to judge a person, but some people can be given good advice.

Bad habits of a person - what are they?

There are many preferences that can be called useless or bad. Let's try to consider the main ones. You will learn a little later about the consequences of bad habits.

Drug use

Perhaps one of the most dangerous habits considered bad is drug addiction. The use of certain substances that affect the brain and nervous system has an irreparable effect on the general condition of the body.

It is worth noting that such bad habits of a person are very dangerous. It's hard to get rid of them, and getting used to them is almost instantaneous. A person can drink simple pills or inject a narcotic substance into the blood with a syringe.

Drinking alcoholic beverages

Another bad habit is the use of alcoholic beverages. It is worth noting that a person suffering from such an ailment almost always denies it. Addiction appears very quickly and accompanies a person throughout his life.

Alcoholism can be different. Such a habit always has one stage or another. Some people prefer to drink large quantities of light drinks, while others drink in moderation, but often. Getting rid of such a bad habit is difficult, but it can be done faster and easier than curing drug addiction.

Smoking tobacco

Another bad addiction is smoking. It is worth noting that recently there are much more women who are addicted than men. Cigarettes are a more harmless habit than drug addiction or alcoholism. However, giving up such an addiction is quite difficult. You need tremendous willpower and desire.

The Ministry of Health is against bad habits in the form of smoking. Each pack of cigarettes contains pictures that show the possible consequences of such an addiction.

Improper nutrition

There is another bad habit that can be called bad. This is the wrong food for humans. Many people are used to snacking on the run. Also, some people eat instant food, drink carbonated sweet water.

This habit is even more harmless than the previous ones. You can easily get rid of it, but only if you have a strong desire to change something in your life.

Good habits

An alternative to the bad habits that were listed above will not only help get rid of the latter, but also significantly improve health. There are many good addictions too. Let's consider a few of them.

Sports activities

Any correct physical activity has a positive effect on human health. Muscles begin to work, excess fat is burned and blood vessels are cleansed. The correct load will only be if the right muscles are involved. To do this, you can contact a specialized room or do an independent study of this issue.

Drinking clean water

Surely every doctor will tell you that drinking clean water is very useful. A person should consume more than one liter of simple liquid per day. At the same time, you cannot replace the water with juices, tea or coffee.

Start your day with one glass of plain water as a good habit for your well-being. Water will help energize and wake up all internal organs.

Proper nutrition

If you eat the right food, the result will not be long in coming. The improvement in well-being will be almost instantaneous. In this case, it is worth giving up all the junk food that was described above. Give preference to vegetables, fruits and herbs. Avoid baked goods and sweets.

Eating a diet like this will make you feel much better. This will indicate that health is returning to normal.

What are the consequences of bad habits?

If you have these or those bad addictions, then you need to be aware of what consequences they can have. Perhaps after a general introduction, you will begin to oppose bad habits.

Social degradation

Alcoholism and drug addiction are addictions that can greatly affect social status. Perhaps at first it will seem to you that no one notices this state. However, this is not at all the case.

An alcoholic or drug addict can quickly be kicked out of work. As a result, a person may be left without a livelihood. Also, such individuals quickly lose good friends and miss useful acquaintances.

External changes

Bad habits can greatly affect a person's image. Drug addiction, alcoholism and tobacco smoking always negatively affect the appearance. A person ages faster, he has wrinkles on his face and swelling.

If a person prefers a wrong diet and this is an ingrained bad habit, then obesity may be a consequence of such an addiction. The person quickly gains weight and stores fat. In the absence of a sports load, external changes occur quickly and irreversibly.

Health problems

Bad habits and health are practically incompatible. If a person has bad addictions, then after a while he begins to feel much worse. When smoking tobacco, lung problems begin. Pneumonia or even cancer may develop. With alcoholism, the liver and kidneys are severely affected. If a person is a drug addict, then for the most part the brain suffers, but all organs of the body are affected.

What can we say about pregnant women who have bad addictions. In this case, there is an irreparable effect on the fetus.

How to get rid of bad habits?

The negative impact of bad habits on health has long been proven. If you decide to give up a bad addiction, then you need to start immediately. Don't make promises to yourself to quit the harmful activity tomorrow or next week. Do it now.

Enlist the support of loved ones and relatives. They are more likely to appreciate your desire to become healthier. Give yourself the right mindset and stick to it. Nothing should stop you from going towards your goal.

Summing up and conclusion

Now you know the consequences of bad habits. Try to get rid of them as quickly as possible. Of course, you cannot be a perfect person in everything. However, you need to strive for this. Choose good habits over bad ones. Only in this case you can always be a healthy and happy person.

Our whole life consists of habits and various actions. A person implements them on an unconscious level, without comprehension. All human habits / addictions are divided into useful and harmful. If the habits that bring benefits are formed gradually and improve human nature, then the formation of harmful ones often occurs at a young age. The desire to imitate, look more mature and successfully sometimes leads to sad consequences and deadly addictions. What is the impact of bad habits on human health and why are they dangerous? People become real slaves of formed addictions that harm not only them, but also those around them. Bad habits have a detrimental effect on human life

Classification of addictions

Any addiction of a person (positive or negative) is designed to satisfy the needs of the individual and bring pleasure. This is what psychologists explain the rapidity of the development of addiction and the duration of its impact. Experts classify all bad habits into the following categories:

Illiterate food.
Drinking addiction.
Drug addiction.
Nicotine addiction.
Psychological addictions.

What is the effect of bad habits on the human body, and what are the consequences of these addictions? We will talk about this in this article.

Unhealthy food

The problem of an illiterate diet is large-scale and it is especially relevant today. According to statistics, about 90% of the world's population eat illiterately, which greatly harm their own health. What Unhealthy Eating Leads to

The harmonious functioning of the body depends primarily on the products that make up the daily diet of a person.

What exactly harms the personality? What are the reasons that form an unhealthy habit? First of all, these are:

Sweet tooth. What to expect from an organism to which sugar is regularly supplied in large doses? Tooth decay, destruction of tooth enamel, serious problems with the skin and cardiovascular system.
Lots of salt. Excessively salty food provokes a problem in the functioning of the kidneys, and also leads to degradation of the musculoskeletal system.
Fatty food. Foods rich in carbohydrates are responsible for the development of gastritis and various kinds of obesity.

And those who like to eat a hearty meal before going to bed subsequently suffer from various disorders in the digestive tract. At first glance, switching to a competent diet does not seem to be something difficult and impossible. But for persons accustomed to such a menu, it is very difficult to give up their addiction. A competent diet should be balanced and consist of healthy food Uncontrolled absorption of food, seizure of excitement, stress, or just eating for pleasure leads to problems and malfunctions of all internal organs. But a strict restriction of oneself in the diet causes no less detrimental consequences.

Fasting diets lead to the development of a fatal syndrome - anorexia. In this case, even healthy food that has entered the stomach will be rejected by them.

If a bad food addiction has already been formed, experienced experts in the field of healthy nutrition - dietitians - will help to overcome it. You should also listen to the following simple rules:

drink a glass of cool clean water before breakfast on an empty stomach;
the first thing to do is to adjust your own breakfast, then you can start to competently develop the rest of the meal;
transfer yourself to fractional meals, increasing the number of approaches to food, while the usual portions are broken by 2-3 times;
completely abandon fried food, replacing it with boiled or stewed;
if hunger occurs in the evening or at night, limit yourself to a glass of dairy product.

Alcohol addiction

Addiction to alcohol is one of the most pernicious personality habits. Especially dangerous is the alcoholic effect of bad habits on human reproductive health. According to some people, alcohol is a completely harmless hobby that brings relaxation to a person. And the only harm is morning sickness in the form of a hangover syndrome. What are the signs of alcohol dependence In fact, ethyl alcohol, which regularly enters the body, deals a devastating blow to all internal systems and organs. Get to know how alcohol affects the body: Brain... If a person regularly tries to relax with alcohol-containing drinks, he risks facing irreversible consequences. First of all, the brain functions of the personality are affected. Start:

memory problems;
clouding of the mind;
coordination disorders.

The cardiovascular system... Alcohol has a relaxing effect on the work of the heart muscle (myocardium). The result is global problems with the circulatory system. The heart suffering from alcohol signals problems with alarming symptoms such as:

heart rhythm disturbances;
high degree of fatigue;
chronic painful cough;
the development of many cardiac pathologies;
severe shortness of breath even with little physical exertion.

Liver... The most powerful blow falls on the liver, because it is this organ that works to protect the body from toxins, poisons and harmful compounds. Unable to cope with the regular load due to the penetration of ethyl alcohol into the body, the liver begins to malfunction and degrades over time. With the systematic use of alcohol, the following pathologies come to a person:

cirrhosis;
fatty hepatosis;
acute hepatitis.

Ethyl alcohol not only completely destroys human health, it also has a detrimental effect on the psyche. Alcohol is highly soluble in fats and water. When ethyl alcohol enters the body, it instantly spreads through all body systems. What does alcoholism lead to? You can track the progress of alcohol through the internal organs, noting the manifestation of negative consequences along the "route" of ethanol:

The oral cavity suffers from mucosal burns.
The gastrointestinal tract signals a strong irritation of the esophagus and stomach tissues.
In the parts of the small intestine, spasm of nerve endings and a sharp narrowing of blood vessels occur.
The liver is completely poisoned with ethanol breakdown products and toxic toxins.
The urinary system suffers from the destructive effects of ethyl alcohol by various diseases.
The genital area reacts by reducing the production of sperm in men, women have problems with the regularity of the monthly cycle.

According to statistics, the life of a drinking person is reduced by 20-25 years in comparison with a person who adheres to a healthy lifestyle. At the same time, you can independently overcome this addiction only at the first stages of the development of alcoholism.

Then the already qualified help of various specialists is required. This habit leads to a complete drop in human immunity, the development of many deadly diseases. To parents who drink, children are born with congenital deformities and abnormalities. Alcoholism can also be inherited.

Drug addiction

All bad habits and their impact on human health completely destroy the personality. And what can do more harm than drugs? Ruthless killers injure both physical and mental health... Dangerous narcotic compounds in that at first their action is imperceptible. Drug addiction - a global scourge Symptoms such as minor mood swings, brittle and dull nails / hair, and peeling of the skin usually go unnoticed. Over time, such a habit manifests itself with more harmful consequences:

persistent complicated colds;
long-term healing of even small scratches;
visual and auditory hallucinations begin.

The addict completely immerses himself in his sick world, in pursuit of the next dose, he ceases to notice everything: family, friends, parents, relatives. For the sake of receiving the already necessary dose, people suffering from addiction are able to commit any, even the most serious crime.

The development of this bad habit takes place in a very short period of time. The life expectancy of an addict rarely exceeds 10-15 years after the first dose.

It is practically impossible to cope with this attachment on your own. To save a person, you need to seek qualified medical help. In some cases, the addict is placed in specialized centers, where treatment takes place under the vigilant supervision of narcologists.

Development of tobacco dependence

Doctors attribute this bad habit to the category of substance abuse. More than 2/3 of the world's population is exposed to smoking. Often, smokers themselves do not even think about the harm they cause to their own body. Not only the smoker himself suffers from smoking, but also the people around him. After all, such an addiction can lead to the development of many dangerous diseases, which sooner or later lead to death. What problems does smoking cause?

violations of blood pressure;
tooth decay;
difficulties in the respiratory system;
the development of stomach ulcers and oncological processes;
difficulties in the work of the cardiovascular system;
the development of complicated, prolonged colds and infectious diseases.

As a result, the smoker develops various deadly illnesses. According to statistics, people suffering from nicotine addiction get sick:

Pulmonary tuberculosis: 93-94% of smokers.
Oncological processes of the lungs: 10-12% of smokers.
Various degrees of pneumonia: 55-60% of tobacco addicts.

Where does this addiction begin? For the first time, a person smokes more often at a young age out of a desire to seem more mature and more experienced. Many people smoke to relax and calm down. And practically all smokers are sure that they are able to part with such a habit themselves, in a short moment. But, unfortunately, this is a delusion. How smoking affects health Constant inhalation of carcinogenic tobacco smoke causes a very persistent addiction, which is almost impossible to cope with on your own. Nicotine is equated in the strength of habit formation to a soft drug.

It takes about 6-7 years to completely break with addiction and put the body in order.

People who have a tendency to this bad habit can be distinguished even by external signs:

hardened voice;
yellowness of the teeth and nail plates;
bleeding gums, teeth weakening (loosening);
morning cough, common to all smokers with experience;
early aging of the skin, leading to the appearance of numerous premature wrinkles.

Women who smoke are at risk of experiencing premature menopause, and men with complete impotence. Teenagers who want to grow up and take a cigarette in their hands begin to degrade quickly. In a young organism, thought processes are disturbed, the level of intelligence and general physical development falls.

Psychological addictions

This type of addiction includes dependence on a computer, Internet games. At first, the situation does not bode well - the person simply relaxes after a hard day. But over time, the gambler becomes really addicted to his hobby. Such a habit leads to the following sad consequences:

high fatigue;
serious mental disorders;
curvature of the spinal column;
drop in vision up to the development of cataracts;
problems of behavioral reactions - the appearance of irritability, aggressiveness.

The development and formation of such bad habits cannot be completely attributed to congenital bad character and defects in upbringing. In a similar way, a person's true attitude towards himself and his health is manifested. The main reason for the development of addictions lies in the desire of people to get away from reality and find new impressions, brighter than the usual everyday life. No wonder they say that "human habit is second nature." The search for more interesting hobbies becomes the main and very important task of every person. You need to make every effort to make your life useful and full of pleasant events. It is the pursuit of this goal that will make a person's life healthy and fulfilling.

Tips 8800 1

Before dealing with bad habits in detail, it is important to know the definition - what are bad habits? These are habits that harm a person living a fulfilling healthy life.... Almost every modern person has certain addictions, and they really have a negative impact on life, health or psyche. It happens that a person does not notice them or does not attach importance to them. Many people consider bad habits to be a disease, but there are also such actions that do not bring much harm, except for irritating others. Often such weaknesses are associated with an unstable psyche or nervous disorders. You can endlessly list the harmfulness of all bad habits. Below is a list of all bad habits of a person, which is annually replenished with new and new human weaknesses.

Alcoholism is one of the most common bad habits

Alcoholism

Uncontrolled addiction to alcohol Is one of the scary addictions. Over time, it turns into a serious illness that has negative consequences. Alcohol causes physiological and psychological dependence. The occurrence of alcoholism depends on the frequency of drinking alcoholic beverages, on the predisposition (hereditary, emotional, mental). Alcohol destroys cells in the brain and liver.

Smoking

Another bad habit that has a detrimental effect on human health (lung disease). Smoking is common among a huge number of people: men, women of different ages, adolescents and even children. To combat this bad habit, the state is promoting a healthy lifestyle, because it is important for people to know what consequences bad habits have for people (for example, smoking and alcohol). Measures are being taken to restrict the sale of alcohol and cigarettes.

Smoking is primarily harmful to the respiratory system.

Addiction

A person has bad habits that irritate people around him or harm human health, but it is drug addiction is more often fatalthan alcoholism or smoking. This habit causes severe forms of drug addiction. A person becomes inadequate, this leads to disastrous consequences (death from an overdose, incurable diseases, personality degradation, criminal actions). The government of the Russian Federation is actively fighting drug trafficking. The distribution of drugs is criminalized. So, if you are looking for an answer to the question, "What are the most bad habits a person has?", Then now you know the answer to it: alcoholism, smoking and drug addiction.

gambling addiction

it a special form of mental addiction, which consists in a pathological passion for a computer game... Gambling addiction is a bad habit or addiction that develops in people who are dissatisfied with their life, place in society, and insolvency. Going into the world of games, they try to realize themselves there. This is addictive, and subsequently it becomes difficult for a person to leave the created virtual world.

A kind of gambling addiction - gambling addiction - psychological dependence on gambling.

A few years ago in all cities of Russia there were many gambling clubs with slot machines, playing in which people “squandered” a huge amount of money. But, fortunately, measures were taken, and slot machines from casinos were banned.

Shopaholism

Oniomania or shopaholism is an addiction to shopping.

It is manifested by the need to buy at all costs, even without the need. More common in women.

Shopaholism is associated with insecurity, lack of attention and loneliness. Women start to spend more and more money on completely unnecessary things with passion. They have to lie to family and friends about the amount of money spent. Situations with the appearance of loans and debts are also possible.

Overeating

Overeating is a mental disorder associated with uncontrolled eating... Which leads to severe overweight problems. Overeating often occurs after an experience of shock or constant stress. More often people who are already overweight face this problem. In a difficult life situation, only one joy remains for them - food.

Overeating is a common bad habit today

TV addiction

Today it is difficult to imagine life without a TV. Probably only some young people give up TV because they have internet... Nevertheless, many people, just waking up, immediately turn on the TV and spend their free time watching TV or aimlessly changing channels.

Internet addiction

Internet addiction is a mental subordination, characterized by an obsessive desire to be on the Internet, the inability to break away from it in order to lead a normal, full-fledged lifestyle.

The habit of biting your nails

There are many assumptions regarding the occurrence of this bad habit. The most common are stress, tension, anxiety. Sometimes this habit is borrowed from relatives.

Remember that the habit of biting your nails causes irritation, discomfort and disgust in the people around you.

The habit of picking at the skin

It arises for several reasons: the desire to achieve the perfect face, neurosis, the need to activate fine motor skills. Some girls suffer from perfect face mania, and when even a small pimple appears, they try to eliminate it as soon as possible. Such a habit can lead to serious inflammation of the skin, sometimes it is not even possible to do without surgery.

Rinotillexomania

Rinotillexomania - or, more simply, nose picking habit... Moderate symptoms are normal, but severe forms can occur that can cause frequent nosebleeds or severe damage to the nasal mucosa.

Snapping fingers

You will meet finger-snapping lovers wherever you are. This habit starts in childhood. And over the years, it has a detrimental effect on the joints of the fingers (there is constant injury and loss of mobility). This habit can lead to arthrosis., even at a young age.

Technomania is the habit of buying new gadgets

Technomania

It is manifested by a frequent irresistible desire to purchase new equipment, gadgets, computers, phones. This addiction can lead to mental disorders, depression. Such states arise when there is a shortage of money, when there is an acute desire to update existing or purchase new technical devices. Technomania can occur in young people and even in children who seek to acquire everything they see on TV.

Conclusion

Before delving into the study of bad habits, it is necessary to give a clear and understandable definition of the concept itself. Bad habits of a person - this is a series of actions repeatedly repeating, reaching the level of automatism. These actions are distinguished by their harmfulness from the point of view of social well-being, people around them or the state of a person trapped in this habit. The most striking characteristics of bad habits are inexpediency, harmfulness and automatism of actions that a person performs as a result of weakness. The impact of bad habits on human health pretty pernicious. Of course, not all of them. There are good habits (brushing your teeth, washing your face every morning, saying hello to everyone, exercising, etc.). The "harm" of bad habits is that in the end they will certainly subdue all the activities of the "sick person". After all, harmful habits addictivewhich is difficult to get rid of.

List of bad habits

As you can see, the list is impressive. Do you think that much of the list cannot be called bad habits? Then imagine the situation: you went with a girl to a restaurant, had a delicious dinner with oysters, and then the companion began to lick her fingers. Nicely? And if she does it anytime, anywhere - after ice cream in the park, after scrambled eggs for breakfast, after popcorn in the cinema? Or sleep deprivation. A person has the opportunity to go to bed early, but he plays games, sits at the computer, reads books - he does anything, but does not prepare for bed. The next morning, he may be late for work, or not get enough sleep, which will hurt his mood and productivity at work. Therefore, do not underestimate the threat of even the smallest habits.

Bad habits and their impact on health

Calcium is “drawn out” from the body, teeth deteriorate and turn yellow, the structure of nails and hair is destroyed, the skin of the face turns gray;

Vessels lose their elasticity and become weak and fragile, oxygen supply to the brain and all cells deteriorates, symptoms of hypertension appear;

The functioning of the digestive system deteriorates, an ulcer is formed;

The risk of heart disease, broncho-pulmonary tract, cancer, etc. increases.

Alcohol can lead to the following problems:

The body's resistance to various diseases is weakening;

The liver function worsens and it gradually collapses;

Blood sugar rises;

The work of the digestive and nervous system deteriorates;

Mortality is increasing as a result of fusel oil poisoning, suicide, accidents;

Memory is gradually lost, a person degrades.

Drug addiction is the worst enemy of modern society. Its impact can be long described, but let's highlight the most serious threats:

Life is greatly shortened;

Mortality is increasing as a result of drug poisoning, suicide, accidents;

Somatic and neuralgic complications appear;

The personality is grossly degraded;

The body is aging rapidly;

Criminal behavior is manifested;

The risk of contracting incurable diseases such as HIV increases.

And the last thing I want to say about the dangers of bad habits for a person - one small such "dirty trick" pulls another, and there already a whole bunch of them have gathered. What to do then?

Prevention of bad habits

As mentioned above, bad habits are difficult to treat and correct. Therefore, so that they do not appear, it is necessary to think about preventive measures. Of course, it is more difficult to convince an adult, teach and change his behavior, but the mind of a teenager responds well to the correct presentation of information about the entire danger of drug use, alcohol, smoking and other habits. Effective remedies are screening of films, video materials, visual aids (for example, the lungs of a smoker, the liver of an alcoholic or ulcers on the body of a drug addict), thematic conversations with the participation of doctors, psychologists, lawyers and other specialists. Unfortunately, in modern schools, families talk a lot about the dangers of drugs, alcohol and nicotine, but not enough time is devoted to other bad habits. But they all affect the formation of the personality, the willpower of a person, cleanliness, etc. But this is extremely important. After all, it is easier to eradicate all harmful habits even at the stage of seeds or sprouts (in childhood or adolescence), because with age it will be almost impossible to do this. However, there is a small chance. And then we will talk about this.

How to get rid of bad habits

Here are 8 actionable tips that can help you on the difficult path to breaking bad habits. 1 smokers' best friends - sweets and seeds. Do you want to take out a cigarette and smoke? Eat candy or nibble on seeds. This will reduce cravings. 2. Find a fulcrum - the main motivation why it is so important for you to get rid of the habit. Family, wife, child, good job, big salary, marriage, etc. can become motivation. 3. Make a written plan and follow it strictly. 4. Let your friends take you on the weak or make a bet with them that you can do it. And put on the line something very important for you: a pack of dollars, an expensive ring with bruliks, a car, or at least just your favorite earrings or a box. 5) force yourself to gradually minimize the "dose" - when it comes to alcohol, drink not 100g, but 50, then 30 and so on until 0. And if the habit is to throw socks under the bed, make yourself pick them up again and put them in the right place; 6 find yourself an interesting hobby - handicrafts, sports, bowling and more. 7. Raise your awareness regarding the harm of your bad habit; 8 find an alternative... Replace smoking with sucking lollipops, alcohol for juices, gossip for praise, shopping for animal help. Remember, your life, your future is in your hands. Do you want to get rid of your addiction? We believe in you! And you believe in yourself!

Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

abstract

Bad habits

social

effects

Prepared : Dubrovskaya E.S.

student of grade 11 "A"

gymnasium №18 of Krasnodar.

Krasnodar - 2001

Introduction

Among the factors that negatively affect health, smoking occupies a large place, the harmful effect of which does not affect immediately, but gradually, gradually.

Numerous surveys of the population have shown that many do not know or do not know enough about the dangers and all the consequences of smoking.

Alcoholism

Features of the impact of alcohol on the human body

Most drunkards grew up in families with unfavorable relationships between parents, in families where alcoholic beverages were often consumed.

Many traffic accidents are related to alcohol consumption. Studies by Czechoslovak scientists have shown that a mug of beer taken by a driver before leaving increases the number of accidents caused by his fault by 7 times, with 50 g of vodka - 30 times, and taking 200 g of vodka - 130 times! Some people completely unreasonably consider alcoholic beverages a miracle cure that can cure almost all diseases. Meanwhile, medical science has proven that alcoholic beverages have no curative effects.

Scientists have proven that there are no safe doses of alcohol, 100 g of vodka already kills 7.5 thousand actively working brain cells.

Social and psychological reasons

drinking alcohol

Another, no less important reason for the widespread use of alcohol is its stress relieving property , create the illusion of well-being. A person begins to think that difficulties, everyday adversities do not matter much.

The reasons giving rise to the abuse of alcoholic beverages include complication of the human social environment , complication of production and industrial relations. One of the forms of complication of the social environment - the movement of the rural population to cities - urbanization.

Traditional seasonal consumption alcohol in rural areas is replaced by the so-called situational - less controlled, more frequent, carried out not in a familiar environment, but in random places.

1. Alcoholic customs of the social microenvironment (family, immediate environment), early alcoholization.

2. Neuropsychic instability.

3. Biologically determined unequal tolerance to alcohol.

Intoxication and working capacity

Labor activity is one of the forms of human adaptation to environmental conditions.

Prerequisites for early alcoholism

Smoking

Smoking, nicotinism is the cause of many severe

diseases

In social terms, it is less harmful than drunkenness, but smoking is a more common habit. Unfortunately, many people smoke: men, women, the elderly, teenagers. However, not everyone can imagine what a great evil smoking is, how badly nicotine, this "cultural" poison, affects the body.

Tobacco smoking prevalence and its causes

The habit of smoking has spread to a remarkable part of the world's population today. According to rough estimates, about half of men and a quarter of all women smoke.

In recent years, sales of tobacco products in developed countries have increased by 40%. In most European countries, about 50% of adult men smoke more than 15 cigarettes daily.

Among students of various medical institutes, they want to quit smoking: men - from 50 to 88%, women - from 42 to 65% of respondents. The majority associated their desire with deteriorating health.

The number of smokers especially increases between the ages of 12 and 16. The largest percentage of smokers are boys 18 years old and girls 15-16 years old.

Children tend to imitate adults. Smoking by parents, especially mothers, has an extremely negative effect. The reason for smoking in boys aged 8-9 was: the influence of friends - in 26.8% of cases, curiosity - in 23.2%, self-indulgence - in 17.8%, imitation of adults - in 16.7% of cases. In the process of preparing to enter "adult life", adolescents acquire "adult norms" of behavior, including smoking. Teenagers see smoking as a sign of independence and adulthood. Smoking in a company becomes a kind of obligation, a ritual, a means of rallying. Senior pupils and junior students do not want to lag behind the "fashion", there are some good reasons forcing them to smoke. Usually, children and adolescents, in order not to seem weak, hide from their comrades the unpleasant sensations caused by the first smoked cigarettes. Gradually, their body adapts, a habit is developed, which is already difficult to get rid of.

Smoking is more and more passed from one generation to the next. It, like a habit, has entered the life of many people, becoming a solid need in life.

According to many scientists, smoking is one of the types of human social behavior. The very process of smoking is an essential element in human communication.

Others suffer

It should be noted that secondhand smoke is extremely harmful for people with chronic diseases of the lungs and heart.

Smoking and performance

Under the influence of smoking, visual acuity decreases. The sniper, who out of 100 possible knocked out 96 points, after smoking several cigarettes, knocked out only 40 points.

Addiction

About drug addiction and substance abuse

Inhalation of aerosols, colloidal liquid mixtures, as established in the course of research, disrupts the activity of the kidneys and liver, organs that a person cannot do without.

It was also revealed that inhalation of some aerosol substances leads to the fact that at the slightest physical exertion, for example, during dancing, critical heart failure occurs.

Even a one-time sample of poisonous aerosols, drugs leaves a trace in the most sensitive nerve cells of the brain, in the liver and kidneys, heart muscles, and in vital organs.

What exactly is the social danger, harm of drug addiction?

Firstly, drug addicts are bad workers, their ability to work, physical and mental, is reduced, all thoughts, dominant are associated with drugs - where and how to get it, use it.

Secondly, drug addiction causes great material and moral damage, causing accidents at work, in transport, at home, the cause of injury and morbidity, and various offenses.

Fourth, drug addicts, degrading physically and morally, are a burden for society, they drag other people into this vice, primarily young people, and then die prematurely.

Fifth, the use of drugs is immoral.

Seventh, drug addicts are at risk for the spread of AIDS.

Conclusion

Bibliography

2. Alcohol and labor, educational activities. Authors: R. Ya. Pankova, D. V. Pankov. 1987 year.

4. A fatal cigarette.