Bad habits and their social consequences. The consequences of bad habits for humans. How to get rid of bad habits

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Budget educational institution

secondary vocational education of the Udmurt Republic

"Izhevsk Medical College

named after the Hero of the Soviet Union F.A. Pushina

Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic "

Bad habits and their social consequences

Completed

Andriyanova Regina Sergeevna

1st year student of 211 groups

Checked by the teacher:

Stolbov Anotoly Ivanovich

Izhevsk - 2014

Introduction

The factors harmful to health - drunkenness and smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction are sometimes very softly and liberally talked about and written as "bad habits". Nicotine and alcohol are called "cultural poisons". But it is they, these "cultural" poisons, that bring a lot of troubles and sufferings - in families, in work collectives, they are a social evil for society. Moreover, as a result of bad habits, life expectancy is reduced, the mortality rate of the population rises, and inferior offspring are born.

Among the factors that negatively affect health, smoking occupies a large place, the harmful effect of which does not affect immediately, but gradually, gradually.

Numerous surveys of the population have shown that many do not know or do not know enough about the dangers and all the consequences of smoking.

Drunkenness is, first of all, licentiousness, a personal vice of a person: lack of will, unwillingness to reckon with the opinion of doctors, the public, with the data of science; it is selfishness, a soulless attitude towards the family, towards children. There are no excuses and there can be no excuses for drunkards.

Sobriety should become the norm of life for every member of our society, and first of all among student youth. However, there are people who in the concept of "drunkenness" include only the systematic use of alcoholic beverages in large quantities, contrasting this with the so-called "cultural use". There is an opinion that alcohol in moderation is not harmful and contributes to increased work capacity.

1. Alcoholism

1.1 Features of the effects of alcohol on the human body

Alcohol, or alcohol, is a narcotic poison; it acts primarily on brain cells, paralyzing them. A dose of 7-8 g of pure alcohol per 1 kg of body weight is fatal for humans. An adult weighing 75 kg can die from taking 1 liter of forty-degree vodka.

In chronic alcohol poisoning, the degeneration of nerve cells occurs and at the same time the activity of the internal organs - the liver, kidneys, stomach and intestines - is disrupted. Alcohol contributes to the development of tuberculosis. Systematic drunkenness predisposes to various diseases, leads to the development of premature old age, shortens life.

Taking even small amounts of alcohol, reducing performance, leads to rapid fatigue, absent-mindedness, complicates perception, and significantly weakens the will. True, a drunk person develops a feeling of heightened mood, and it seems to him that he began to work better, faster. However, this happens because alcohol weakens important mental processes in the human cerebral cortex.

Most drunkards grew up in families with unfavorable relationships between parents, in families where alcoholic beverages were often consumed.

Many traffic accidents are related to alcohol consumption. Studies by Czechoslovak scientists have shown that a mug of beer taken by a driver before leaving increases the number of accidents caused by his fault by 7 times, when taking 50 g of vodka - 30 times, and taking 200 g of vodka - 130 times! Some people completely unreasonably consider alcoholic beverages a miracle cure that can cure almost all diseases. Meanwhile, medical science has proven that alcoholic beverages do not have any healing effects.

Weak-willed people resort to the ghostly help of alcohol in all cases of adversity and deprivation, grief and failure in the hope of creating an impression of well-being for themselves, instead of mobilizing all forces to overcome difficulties. The grief from vodka will not decrease, but willpower, the ability to fight will be lost.

Scientists have proven that there are no safe doses of alcohol, 100 g of vodka already kills 7.5 thousand actively working brain cells.

1.2 Social and psychological reasons for drinking alcohol

What are the reasons for such a widespread distribution of alcoholic beverages? One of them is the properties of alcohol itself, its ability to have a euphoric effect to create a mood of pleasure. That is why alcoholic beverages were an indispensable attribute of various holidays and rituals even during the primitive communal system and at later stages of the development of human society.

Another, no less important reason for the widespread use of alcohol is its ability to relieve tension, create the illusion of well-being. A person begins to think that difficulties, everyday adversities do not matter much.

The reasons that give rise to the abuse of alcohol include the complication of the social environment of a person, the complication of production and industrial relations. One of the forms of complication of the social environment - the movement of the rural population to cities - urbanization.

Traditional seasonal alcohol consumption in rural areas is replaced by so-called situational alcohol consumption - less controlled, more frequent, carried out not in a familiar environment, but in random places.

The following factors that are most significant for the development of alcoholism can be indicated: neuropsychic instability, unfavorable socio-professional and climatic-geographical factors, low level of education, lack of upbringing, early onset of independent life, early age at the onset of alcoholism, alcoholic customs of the environment, negative influence of drinkers adults, misunderstanding of the principle of self-assertion, a narrow circle and instability of interests, lack of hobbies and spiritual needs, vacuous spending of free time, conflicts in the family and violation of the family structure, and some others.

Thus, the development of the habit of alcohol consumption and abuse with the subsequent development of alcoholic illness is due to complex complexes of factors. All these factors can be conventionally combined into the following groups.

Alcoholic customs of the social microenvironment (family, immediate environment), early alcoholization.

Neuropsychic instability.

Biologically determined unequal tolerance to alcohol.

1.3 Drunkenness and disability

Labor activity is one of the forms of human adaptation to environmental conditions.

The introduction of alcohol into the human body leads to disorders of mental functions, manifested in changes in sensations, perception, memory, thinking, attention and imagination, disorders of the emotional and volitional sphere. The motor function is upset. The work of the vegetative system, which ensures the stability of the body's functioning, is disrupted.

There are several degrees of intoxication. With a mild degree, the concentration of alcohol in the blood can reach 1-2 cubic cm per liter, with an average degree - 2-3.5 cubic centimeters. cm per liter, exceeding this concentration leads to a state of severe intoxication.

The degree of alcoholic intoxication depends on many factors: the type of alcoholic beverage, the nature of its intake, the rate of absorption of alcohol, the state of the body, gender, age and other characteristics of a person. It increases with fatigue or illness, with low or high ambient temperatures or lack of oxygen.

1.4 Preconditions for early alcoholism

Heredity. Human experience suggests that a genetic predisposition to alcoholism may exist. It is known that in cases of family alcoholism, when several blood relatives drink, children often drink. But a particularly high frequency of drunkenness among children is observed if the background of family alcoholism is further aggravated by crime and antisocial behavior of elders. Because of this, we can conclude that drunkenness increases with heredity burdened not only by the body, but also by other personal deviations.

A family. There are several types of families in which the child starts drinking alcohol more often than in other families. Formal characteristics are important, but not essential. According to sociological studies, teenagers who drink in 31% of cases lived in a structurally disturbed family. In 51% of adolescents, the relationship between parents was conflicting even with a structurally whole family, had a low educational level in 54%, attention to children was insufficient in 53% of families.

The influence of the environment. Modern children see examples of drunkenness from an early age. In kindergartens, 75% of children play "guests" with a mutual "treat" with wine; 34% of girls and 43% of boys have already tried beer; 13% of girls and 30% of boys - vodka. The number of people trying it grows over the years, reaching 75% by the senior grades of school.

Thus, children not only observe wine drinking, but also take part in it. However, only in isolated cases does a teenager start to abuse. At the same time, drunkenness in the environment is so common that a teenager who does not drink alcohol is surprised: why does he not drink?

Deviations in adolescent behavior. Several characteristics of the behavior of a teenager drinking alcohol are known. A directly proportional relationship was established between alcohol abuse, criminality, bad company, academic failure and a large amount of free time. However, the significance of these factors is different. So, not everyone who does not study well, abuse alcohol, on the other hand, drunkenness for some time sometimes does not affect academic performance. A lazy person who is not interested in studying, who was always "not given anything to take home", whether he takes alcohol or not, usually has more free time than a diligent student. Drunkenness and criminality, bad company are often not causally related, but are equivalent consequences of a single cause.

2. Tobacco smoking

2.1 Smoking, nicotinism is the cause of many serious diseases

In social terms, it is less harmful than drunkenness, but smoking is a more common habit. Unfortunately, many people smoke: men, women, the elderly, teenagers. However, not everyone imagines what a great evil smoking is, how badly nicotine, this "cultural" poison, affects the body.

Scientific research in later years confirms and deepens our understanding of the effects of tobacco smoke on the body - nicotine. Many people believe that tobacco excites energy, increases efficiency, calms the nervous system, which is categorically refuted by medical science data. It has been established that a seemingly harmless cloud of smoke contains toxic substances that have an effect not only on the smoker's body, but also on the health of others, and especially children. In addition to nicotine, tobacco smoke contains other harmful substances, namely: carbon monoxide, pyridine bases, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen, and essential oils.

In a novice smoker, even one smoked cigarette can cause acute poisoning, which is characterized by: nausea, pallor, cold sweat, general weakness, increased heart rate, dizziness, tinnitus. The smoke from 25 cigarettes contains about two drops of pure nicotine, that is, the amount of poison that is enough to kill a dog. A mouse dies instantly if one drop of nicotine is put into its eye. A single dose of 0.08-0.16 g of nicotine is fatal to humans. For 30 years, an adult smokes an average of 200 thousand cigarettes, or 160 kg of tobacco, which contains 800 g of nicotine, equal to 10 lethal doses.

2.2 Prevalence of tobacco smoking and its causes

The habit of smoking has spread to a remarkable part of the world's population today. According to rough estimates, about half of men and a quarter of all women smoke.

In recent years, sales of tobacco products in developed countries have increased by 40%. In most European countries, about 50% of adult men smoke more than 15 cigarettes daily.

The prevalence of smoking is influenced by factors such as education and profession. Thus, people with higher education smoke less often than those with secondary education. The largest number of smokers have primary education.

Among students of various medical institutes, they want to quit smoking: men - from 50 to 88%, women - from 42 to 65% of respondents. The majority associated their desire with poor health.

A survey of smokers who are aware of the harm of tobacco showed that 43.9% of them cannot quit smoking because it has become a habit, 26% lack willpower, the rest named other reasons or did not answer.

It should be noted that all over the world, especially in America and Western Europe and to a lesser extent in Russia, the increase in smokers is due to adolescents and women. There are about the same number of adult men smoking in our country as there were in the 30s and 40s. At the same time, tobacco production, excluding imports, increased due to an increase in adolescent and female smokers.

The number of smokers especially increases between the ages of 12-16. The largest percentage of smokers are boys 18 years old and girls 15-16 years old. alcoholism smoking habit addiction

Unfortunately, the number of schoolchildren who smoke in our country is relatively large. It is not the same in different regions. Thus, among randomly selected groups of 11th grade students in Moscow, 62.5% of boys and 16.7% of girls smoke.

The attraction to smoking tobacco occurs at an age when school, parents, and the public can have a great positive impact. Do not forget that although the smoking habit develops in childhood and adolescence, a negative attitude towards tobacco also develops during this period of life. The need to smoke is not inherent in the body. It appears due to insufficient education and the influence of the environment. Schoolchildren are drawn to a cigarette, because smoking is fashionable, "prestigious".

Children tend to imitate adults. Smoking by parents, especially mothers, has an extremely negative effect. The reason for smoking in boys aged 8-9 was: the influence of friends - in 26.8% of cases, curiosity - in 23.2%, self-indulgence - in 17.8%, imitation of adults - in 16.7% of cases. In the process of preparing to enter "adult life," adolescents acquire "adult norms" of behavior, including smoking. Teenagers see smoking as a sign of independence and adulthood. Smoking in a company becomes a kind of obligation, a ritual, a means of rallying. Senior pupils and junior students do not want to lag behind the "fashion", there are some compelling reasons forcing them to smoke. Usually, children and adolescents, in order not to seem weak, hide from their comrades the unpleasant sensations caused by the first smoked cigarettes. Gradually, their body adapts, a habit is developed, which is already difficult to get rid of.

One of the main reasons for girls smoking is "fashion". In our age, it is possible and fashionable for a "modern woman" to smoke, this supposedly confirms independence, complete equality with a man. The very process of smoking for a girl is elevated into a certain ritual. This is a leisurely reaching for a cigarette, slowly kneading it with your fingers with a conspicuous manicure, lighting from a lighter or a match that is pretentiously brought up, smoking with the release of smoke through a ring of folded painted lips. It seems to her that all this "suits her", allows her to be considered modern. However, the property of fashion is that it comes and goes, and the changes in the body caused by smoking can remain.

Smoking is more and more passed from one generation to the next. It, like a habit, has entered the life of many people, becoming a solid need in life.

According to many scientists, smoking is one of the types of human social behavior. The very process of smoking is an essential element in human communication.

Others suffer

Tobacco smoke is not only inhaled by the smoker, but also enters the surrounding air. Outside of a puff, it mainly creates the conditions for secondhand smoke. Half of the smoke gets into the air, plus the one that the smoker exhales. It is quite clear that such air is polluted with nicotine, carbon monoxide, ammonia, resins, benzpyrene, radioactive substances and other harmful components.

In a room where people smoke, air pollution can increase up to 6 times. Girls who work in the air of institutions saturated with cigarette smoke seem to smoke up to 20 cigarettes daily. The wife of an intensely smoking man passively smokes 10-12 cigarettes per day, and his children - 6-7.

It should be noted that secondhand smoke is extremely harmful for people with chronic diseases of the lungs and heart.

2.3 Smoking and working capacity

There is an opinion that smoking enhances performance, and many hide behind this myth. In fact, for a very short time, nicotine acts as an aphrodisiac, then quickly reduces and impairs performance, both physical and mental.

Under the influence of smoking, visual acuity decreases. The sniper, who out of 100 possible knocked out 96 points, after smoking several cigarettes, knocked out only 40 points.

Sports and smoking are incompatible. Significant physical activity during training and competition aggravates the severity of the consequences of smoking. The heart muscle of an athlete who smokes is weakened. Under the influence of nicotine, coordination of movements worsens, and their accuracy decreases.

3. Addiction

3.1 About drug addiction and substance abuse

The use of various drugs - drug addiction - is a real scourge in many countries of the world. According to the World Health Organization, drugs ranked first among the culprits of premature deaths and have already identified cardiovascular diseases and malignant tumors. All over the world there is a wave of drug addiction among men and women. Behind them, young men, girls, teenagers and even children are drawn into this pool.

Any drug is dangerous, even a one-time test. When the sample is repeated, a habit emerges imperceptibly but inevitably. In the absence of a drug, a person experiences a painful condition - abstinence. Despair, anxiety, irritability, impatience, pain in bones and muscles haunt him; he suffers from severe insomnia or nightmares as if tortured. Taking drugs stops this agony. But not for long. The body needs a new shake-up. And again, under the influence of the drug, the nervous system is excited. Ecstasy, painful delight, illusion, or hallucinations may occur. But then, as if there is a fall from the top into a deep abyss - braking follows. The mood becomes extremely depressed, depressed, severe depression sets in.

Addicts achieve intoxication using aerosols - volatile poisonous substances that, when inhaled, are quickly absorbed by the lungs and just as instantly penetrate the brain. Aerosols, like alcohol, delay the flow of oxygen into the blood, and, as you know, the human brain and the central nervous system cannot do without oxygen. Shortness of breath, loss of self-control, sometimes loss of consciousness are the most typical signs and consequences of substance abuse.

Aerosol intoxication, repeated several times, can be fatal. The medical literature describes cases with tragic consequences. The teenager, having breathed in aerosols, fell from the balcony of a high floor. The other lost consciousness and fell off a steep cliff into the river. Cases were recorded when drug addicts simply died from suffocation.

Inhalation of aerosols, colloidal liquid mixtures, as established in the course of research, disrupts the activity of the kidneys and liver, organs that a person cannot do without.

It was also revealed that inhalation of some aerosol substances leads to the fact that at the slightest physical exertion, for example, during dancing, critical heart failure occurs.

Even a one-time sample of poisonous aerosols, drugs leaves a trace in the most sensitive nerve cells of the brain, in the liver and kidneys, heart muscles, and in vital organs.

Treating drug addicts is difficult, but not always successful. The timing of treatment depends on how long the teenager has been using drugs. The longer it is, the longer and more complicated the treatment process is.

What exactly is the social danger, harm of drug addiction?

First, drug addicts are poor workers, their physical and mental capacity for work is reduced, all thoughts, dominant are associated with drugs - where and how to get it, use it.

Secondly, drug addiction causes great material and moral damage, causing accidents at work, transport, at home, the cause of injury and morbidity, and various offenses.

Thirdly, drug addicts create unbearable conditions for their families, poisoning it with their presence, behavior, depriving them of their livelihood, committing a grave crime against their offspring.

Fourthly, drug addicts, degrading physically and morally, are a burden for society, they drag other people into this vice, primarily young people, and then die prematurely.

Fifth, drug use is immoral.

Sixth, drug addiction in all its forms is a socially dangerous mental illness that threatens the very future of the nation, the well-being and health of the population of the entire state.

Seventh, drug addicts are at risk for the spread of AIDS.

Conclusion

The human body and his psyche are a very complex system that allows him not only to perfectly adapt to the changing conditions of the environment of existence, but also to actively change it in accordance with his needs.

Alcohol disrupts the body's correct reactions to the effects of the external environment and to various changes in itself as in a well-balanced system; perversely reflects the real world, violates the correctness of mental reactions, makes them inaccurate, not corresponding to the real situation.

It is necessary to create a broad front in the struggle for a healthy lifestyle, against immoral and criminal phenomena, for the happiness and well-being of Soviet people. This struggle must be universal, constant, long-term, stubborn and purposeful.

There is no need to avoid "sensitive" topics, to put on rose-colored glasses on our children, to pretend that there is nothing bad in our life, and if there is, then somewhere far away, in another place. Let them see what they are doing and at what price they buy the "high", let them know that reckoning is inevitable - with their health, happiness, and their lives. And while it is not too late, not hopeless, let us all think together about how to fill these gaping voids. Understand. Help. Save.

Bibliography

Alcohol and labor, educational activities. Authors: R.Ya. Pankova, D.V. Pankov. 1987 year.

A destructive cigarette.

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...

abstract

Bad habits

social

effects

Prepared : Dubrovskaya E.S.

student of grade 11 "A"

gymnasium №18 of Krasnodar.

Krasnodar - 2001

Introduction

Among the factors that negatively affect health, smoking occupies a large place, the harmful effect of which does not affect immediately, but gradually, gradually.

Numerous surveys of the population have shown that many do not know or do not know enough about the dangers and all the consequences of smoking.

Drunkenness is, first of all, licentiousness, a personal vice of a person: lack of will, unwillingness to take into account the opinion of doctors, the public, and the data of science; it is selfishness, a soulless attitude towards the family, towards children. There are no excuses and there can be no excuses for drunkards.

Alcoholism

Features of the impact of alcohol on the human body

Alcohol, or alcohol, is a narcotic poison, it acts primarily on brain cells, paralyzing them. A dose of 7 - 8 g of pure alcohol per 1 kg of body weight is fatal for humans. An adult weighing 75 kg can die from taking 1 liter of forty-degree vodka.

Most drunkards grew up in families with unfavorable relationships between parents, in families where alcoholic beverages were often consumed.

Many traffic accidents are related to alcohol consumption. Studies by Czechoslovak scientists have shown that a mug of beer taken by a driver before leaving increases the number of accidents caused by his fault by 7 times, with 50 g of vodka - 30 times, and taking 200 g of vodka - 130 times! Some people completely unreasonably consider alcoholic beverages a miracle cure that can cure almost all diseases. Meanwhile, medical science has proven that alcoholic beverages have no curative effects.

Scientists have proven that there are no safe doses of alcohol, 100 g of vodka already kills 7.5 thousand actively working brain cells.

Social and psychological reasons

drinking alcohol

What are the reasons for such a widespread distribution of alcoholic beverages? One of them is the properties of alcohol itself, its ability to provide euphoric action create a mood of pleasure. That is why alcoholic beverages were an indispensable attribute of various holidays, holidays and rituals even during the primitive communal system and at later stages of the development of human society.

Another, no less important reason for the widespread use of alcohol is its stress relieving property , create the illusion of well-being. A person begins to think that difficulties, everyday adversities do not matter much.

The reasons giving rise to the abuse of alcoholic beverages include complication of the human social environment , complication of production and industrial relations. One of the forms of complication of the social environment - the movement of the rural population to cities - urbanization.

Traditional seasonal consumption alcohol in rural areas is replaced by the so-called situational - less controlled, more frequent, carried out not in a familiar environment, but in random places.

You can indicate the following factors that are most significant for the development of alcoholism: neuropsychic instability, unfavorable socio-professional and climatic-geographical factors, low level of education, lack of upbringing, early onset of independent life, early age at the onset of alcoholism, alcoholic customs of the environment, negative influence of drinking adults, misunderstanding of the principle of self-affirmation, narrow circle and instability interests, lack of hobbies and spiritual needs, vacuous spending of free time, conflicts in the family and violation of family structure and some others.

1. Alcoholic customs of the social microenvironment (family, immediate environment), early alcoholization.

2. Neuropsychic instability.

3. Biologically determined unequal tolerance to alcohol.

Intoxication and working capacity

Labor activity is one of the forms of human adaptation to environmental conditions.

There are several degrees of intoxication. With a mild degree, the concentration of alcohol in the blood can reach 1 - 2 cubic cm per liter, with a medium degree - 2 - 3.5 cubic centimeters. cm per liter, exceeding this concentration leads to a state of severe intoxication.

Prerequisites for early alcoholism

Heredity. Human experience suggests that a genetic predisposition to alcoholism may exist. It is known that in cases of family alcoholism, when several blood relatives drink, children often drink. But a particularly high frequency of drunkenness among children is observed if the background of family alcoholism is further aggravated by crime and antisocial behavior of elders. Because of this, we can conclude that drunkenness increases with heredity burdened not only by the body, but also by other personal deviations.

A family. There are several types of families in which the child starts drinking alcohol more often than in other families. Formal characteristics are important, but not essential. According to sociological studies, teenagers who drink in 31% of cases lived in a structurally disturbed family. In 51% of adolescents, the relationship between parents was conflicting even with a structurally whole family, had a low educational level in 54%, attention to children was insufficient in 53% of families.

The influence of the environment. Modern children see examples of drunkenness from an early age. In kindergartens, 75% of children play "guests" with a mutual "treat" to wine; 34% of girls and 43% of boys have already tried beer; 13% of girls and 30% of boys - vodka. The number of people trying it grows over the years, reaching 75% by the senior grades of school.

Deviations in adolescent behavior. Several characteristics of the behavior of a teenager drinking alcohol are known. A directly proportional relationship was established between alcohol abuse, criminality, bad company, academic failure and a large amount of free time. However, the significance of these factors is different. So, not everyone who does not study well, abuse alcohol, on the other hand, drunkenness for some time sometimes does not affect academic performance. A lazy person who is not interested in studying, who was always "not given anything to take home," whether he takes alcohol or not, usually has more free time than a diligent student. Drunkenness and criminality, bad company are often not causally related, but are equivalent consequences of a single cause.

Smoking

Smoking, nicotinism is the cause of many severe

diseases

In social terms, it is less harmful than drunkenness, but smoking is a more common habit. Unfortunately, many people smoke: men, women, the elderly, teenagers. However, not everyone can imagine what a great evil smoking is, how badly nicotine, this "cultural" poison, affects the body.

Scientific research in later years confirms and deepens our understanding of the effects of tobacco smoke on the body - nicotine. Many believe that tobacco excites energy, increases efficiency, calms the nervous system, which is categorically refuted by the data of medical science. It has been established that at first glance, a harmless cloud of smoke contains toxic substances that have an effect not only on the smoker's body, but also on the health of others, and especially children. In addition to nicotine, tobacco smoke contains and other harmful substances, namely: carbon monoxide, pyridine bases, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen, essential oils.

A single dose of nicotine 0.08 - 0.16 g is fatal to humans. For 30 years, an adult smokes an average of 200 thousand cigarettes, or 160 kg of tobacco, which contains 800 g of nicotine, equal to 10 lethal doses.

Tobacco smoking prevalence and its causes

The habit of smoking has spread to a remarkable part of the world's population today. According to rough estimates, about half of men and a quarter of all women smoke.

In recent years, sales of tobacco products in developed countries have increased by 40%. In most European countries, about 50% of adult men smoke more than 15 cigarettes daily.

Among students of various medical institutes, they want to quit smoking: men - from 50 to 88%, women - from 42 to 65% of respondents. The majority associated their desire with deteriorating health.

The number of smokers especially increases between the ages of 12 and 16. The largest percentage of smokers are boys 18 years old and girls 15-16 years old.

Children tend to imitate adults. Smoking by parents, especially mothers, has an extremely negative effect. The reason for smoking in boys aged 8-9 was: the influence of friends - in 26.8% of cases, curiosity - in 23.2%, self-indulgence - in 17.8%, imitation of adults - in 16.7% of cases. In the process of preparing to enter "adult life", adolescents acquire "adult norms" of behavior, including smoking. Teenagers see smoking as a sign of independence and adulthood. Smoking in a company becomes a kind of obligation, a ritual, a means of rallying. Senior pupils and junior students do not want to lag behind the "fashion", there are some good reasons forcing them to smoke. Usually, children and adolescents, in order not to seem weak, hide from their comrades the unpleasant sensations caused by the first smoked cigarettes. Gradually, their body adapts, a habit is developed, which is already difficult to get rid of.

One of the main reasons for girls smoking is "fashion". In our age, it is possible for a “modern woman” to smoke, and it is fashionable, this supposedly confirms independence, complete equality with a man. The very process of smoking for a girl is elevated into a certain ritual. This is a leisurely reaching for a cigarette, slowly kneading it with your fingers with a conspicuous manicure, lighting a cigarette from a lighter or a match that is pretentiously brought up, smoking with the release of smoke through a ring of folded painted lips. It seems to her that all this "suits her", allows her to be considered modern. However, the property of fashion is that it comes and goes, and the changes in the body caused by smoking can remain.

Smoking is more and more passed from one generation to the next. It, like a habit, has entered the life of many people, becoming a solid need in life.

According to many scientists, smoking is one of the types of human social behavior. The very process of smoking is an essential element in human communication.

Others suffer

It should be noted that secondhand smoke is extremely harmful for people with chronic diseases of the lungs and heart.

Smoking and performance

Under the influence of smoking, visual acuity decreases. The sniper, who out of 100 possible knocked out 96 points, after smoking several cigarettes, knocked out only 40 points.

Addiction

About drug addiction and substance abuse

Any drug is dangerous, even a one-time test. When the test is repeated, a habit emerges imperceptibly but inevitably. In the absence of a drug, a person experiences a painful condition - abstinence. Despair, anxiety, irritability, impatience, pain in bones and muscles haunt him; he suffers from severe insomnia or nightmares as if tortured. Taking drugs stops this agony. But not for long. The body needs a new shake-up. And again, under the influence of the drug, the nervous system is excited. Ecstasy, painful delight, illusion, or hallucinations may occur. But then, as if there is a fall from the top into a deep abyss - deceleration follows. The mood becomes extremely depressed, depressed, severe depression sets in.

Addicts achieve intoxication using aerosols - volatile toxic substances that, when inhaled, are quickly absorbed by the lungs and just as instantly penetrate the brain. Aerosols, like alcohol, delay the flow of oxygen into the blood, and, as you know, the human brain and the central nervous system cannot do without oxygen. Shortness of breath, loss of self-control, sometimes loss of consciousness are the most typical signs and consequences of substance abuse.

Aerosol intoxication, repeated several times, can be fatal. The medical literature describes cases with tragic consequences. The teenager, having breathed in aerosols, fell from the balcony of a high floor. The other lost consciousness and fell off a steep cliff into the river. Cases were recorded when drug addicts simply died from suffocation.

Inhalation of aerosols, colloidal liquid mixtures, as established in the course of research, disrupts the activity of the kidneys and liver, organs that a person cannot do without.

It was also revealed that inhalation of some aerosol substances leads to the fact that at the slightest physical exertion, for example, during dancing, critical heart failure occurs.

Even a one-time sample of poisonous aerosols, drugs leaves a trace in the most sensitive nerve cells of the brain, in the liver and kidneys, heart muscles, and in vital organs.

What exactly is the social danger, harm of drug addiction?

Firstly, drug addicts are bad workers, their ability to work, physical and mental, is reduced, all thoughts, dominant are associated with drugs - where and how to get it, use it.

Secondly, drug addiction causes great material and moral damage, causing accidents at work, in transport, at home, the cause of injury and morbidity, and various offenses.

Thirdly, drug addicts create unbearable conditions for their family, poisoning it with their presence, behavior, depriving them of their livelihood, committing a grave crime against their offspring.

Fourth, drug addicts, degrading physically and morally, are a burden for society, they drag other people into this vice, primarily young people, and then die prematurely.

Fifth, the use of drugs is immoral.

At sixth, drug addiction disease in all its forms is a socially dangerous mental illness that threatens the very future of the nation, the well-being and health of the population of the entire state.

Seventh, drug addicts are at risk for the spread of AIDS.

Conclusion

There is no need to avoid "sensitive" topics, put on rose-colored glasses on our children, pretend that there is nothing bad in our life, and if there is, then somewhere far away, in another place. Let them see what they are doing and at what price they buy the "high", let them know that reckoning is inevitable - with their health, happiness, and their lives. And while it is not too late, not hopeless, let us all think together about how to fill these gaping voids. Understand. Help. Save.

Bibliography

2. Alcohol and labor, educational activities. Authors: R. Ya. Pankova, D. V. Pankov. 1987 year.

4. A fatal cigarette.

About factors harmful to health - about drunkenness, smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction - talk about bad habits. As a result of bad habits, life expectancy is reduced, the mortality rate of the population rises, and inferior offspring are born. Forced, unnatural for the body adaptation to environmental conditions, situations, stress acts for a short time. Crime, aggressive behavior, detrimental effects on offspring - these are the social consequences of alcoholism, drug addiction, substance abuse.

Alcoholism - a serious illness caused by an addiction to alcohol. Systematic drunkenness predisposes to many diseases, leads to the development of premature old age, shortens life. In the social aspect, alcoholism is the cause of family divorce. More than half of difficult children and adolescents are brought up in single-parent families.

Alcohol reduces labor productivity especially sharply in those types that require more intense brain activity.

Socially less harmful than alcoholism, but a more common habit is smoking... The scale of losses caused to mankind by tobacco smoking is numerous fires, explosions, burns and some transport accidents.

The problem of smoking is presented by various aspects: ethical, biological, psychological and hygienic, aesthetic, economic and social. A smoker poisons not only his body, but also the surrounding air, to which he has no right.

It is indecent to smoke in the presence of elderly people, children, at meetings, meetings, meetings, at a party, in the presence of unfamiliar people and women. The smoker unwittingly encourages teenagers and children to smoke. A boy or girl who smokes gives off an unpleasant odor that can cause disgust. Even non-smokers are forced to smoke forcibly, which becomes a socially dangerous phenomenon with the massive spread of smoking.

Addiction, like alcoholism, is not only a disease, but also a social phenomenon, the care of getting rid of which should be taken over by the whole society.

The social danger of drug addiction is as follows: the physical and mental capacity of the addict is reduced, all thoughts are related to the drug - where and how to get it, use it. Drug addiction causes great material and moral damage, causing accidents, various offenses, and contributes to the growth of crime. Drug addicts create unbearable conditions for their families, degrading physically and morally, are a burden for society, drag other people into this vice, especially young people, and then die prematurely.

Narcological disease in all its forms (drug addiction, substance abuse, alcoholism, nicotinism), or drug addiction, - a socially dangerous mental illness that threatens the very future of the nation, the well-being and health of the population of the entire state. This determines the universal, global significance of the problem.

Sizova Marina Yurievna - a teacher of informatics at school №41 in Vladimir

Fundamental question: "What is good and what is bad?"

Problematic issues: What is harmful to our health? What are the causes of bad habits? How common are bad habits among your friends? Russian Government policy on this topic. What are the social consequences of bad habits for the younger generation?

Educational questions: Informatics: Processing of the results obtained by means of ICT (Microsoft Office package - Excel, Word, Power Point, Publisher). Search for information on the Internet.

Biology, chemistry, life safety, physical education: The degree of the harmful effects of each type of harmful dependence on the organs and systems of the body, life expectancy. Prevention and control measures for bad habits.

Project preparation plan 1st stage: Preparatory It includes: 1. Organization of a group of students. 2. Discussion of the topic, the purpose of the project.

2nd stage: Main

Project objectives: 1. Consideration of the main bad habits, the reasons for their occurrence and the extent of their spread in Russia. 2. Obtaining knowledge about the degree of harmful effects of each type of harmful addiction on the organs and systems of the body, life expectancy, on measures to prevent and combat harmful habits.

Collection of material (research, search activity), work on the Internet.

Preparation of presentations by means of Microsoft Office (Power Point).

3rd stage: Final

Teacher presentation to identify student perceptions and interests

Grade 5 Factual information is used. Ideas are fully described and disclosed. The work includes 3 conclusions (or more) obtained on the basis of the research. The work is done creatively. A uniform design style is observed. The possibilities of computer animation are used appropriately. Short phrases are used. The speech is logically structured. The presentation of information is prepared, the manner of presentation of the material retains the attention of the audience. The speech is clear, the terminology on the topic is used.

Grade 4 Factual information is used. The ideas are almost completely described. The work includes at least 3 inferences obtained on the basis of the research. The work is done creatively. Uniform style is not supported in some places. Animation effects unnecessarily attract the audience The performance is relatively interesting, there are logical transitions, the manner of presentation of the material usually keeps the audience's attention. Terminology is not always interpreted correctly.

Grade 3 Information is mostly factual. Ideas are not fully described. There are inferences, but they are insignificant. The work includes a minimum of illustrative material. Background and text colors do not match. Presentation style distracts from the presentation itself The presentation is not always logical, it attracts the audience's attention most of the time. Related terms are rarely used.

Score 2 Information is not factual. Ideas are fragmented. Inferences are not related to the topic of research work. The work is not completely completed. Overuse of animation effects. The types of fonts are different. There is not enough or too much illustration material. The presentation of the material is disclosed illogically, there is no audience attention, the terms on the topic are not used

Summary: Bad habits and their social consequences

Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

Prepared: Dubrovskaya E.S.

Features of the impact of alcohol on the human body

Social and psychological reasons

Labor activity is one of the forms of human adaptation to environmental conditions.

Prerequisites for early alcoholism

Smoking, nicotinism is the cause of many severe

In social terms, it is less harmful than drunkenness, but smoking is a more common habit. Unfortunately, many people smoke: men, women, the elderly, teenagers. However, not everyone can imagine what a great evil smoking is, how badly nicotine, this "cultural" poison, affects the body.

Tobacco smoking prevalence and its causes

The habit of smoking has spread to a remarkable part of the world's population today. According to rough estimates, about half of men and a quarter of all women smoke.

Smoking and performance

About drug addiction and substance abuse

What exactly is the social danger, harm of drug addiction?

Firstly, drug addicts are bad workers, their ability to work, physical and mental, is reduced, all thoughts, dominant are associated with drugs - where and how to get it, use it.

Seventh, drug addicts are at risk for the spread of AIDS.

Sources:
Bad habits
Sizova Marina Yurievna - teacher of informatics at secondary school №41 in Vladimir This project is an advertising presentation in 7 parts (Alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction, anabolic steroids, wrong
http://www.wiki.vladimir.i-edu.ru/index.php?title\u003d%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_ % D0% BF% D1% 80% D0% B8% D0% B2% D1% 8B% D1% 87% D0% BA% D0% B8
Summary: Bad habits and their social consequences
\u003e Abstract: Bad habits and their social consequences (BJD) read online or download for free.
http://www.ronl.ru/referaty/bzhd/407183/

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Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

abstract

Bad habits

social

effects

Prepared: Dubrovskaya E.S.

student of grade 11 "A"

gymnasium №18 of Krasnodar.

Krasnodar - 2001

Introduction

Among the factors that negatively affect health, smoking occupies a large place, the harmful effect of which does not affect immediately, but gradually, gradually.

Numerous surveys of the population have shown that many do not know or do not know enough about the dangers and all the consequences of smoking.

Alcoholism

Features of the impact of alcohol on the human body

Most drunkards grew up in families with unfavorable relationships between parents, in families where alcoholic beverages were often consumed.

Many traffic accidents are related to alcohol consumption. Studies by Czechoslovak scientists have shown that a mug of beer taken by a driver before leaving increases the number of accidents caused by his fault by 7 times, with 50 g of vodka - 30 times, and taking 200 g of vodka - 130 times! Some people completely unreasonably consider alcoholic beverages a miracle cure that can cure almost all diseases. Meanwhile, medical science has proven that alcoholic beverages have no curative effects.

Scientists have proven that there are no safe doses of alcohol, 100 g of vodka already kills 7.5 thousand actively working brain cells.

Social and psychological reasons

drinking alcohol

Another, no less important reason for the widespread use of alcohol is its stress relieving property, create the illusion of well-being. A person begins to think that difficulties, everyday adversities do not matter much.

The reasons giving rise to the abuse of alcoholic beverages include complication of the human social environment, complication of production and industrial relations. One of the forms of complication of the social environment - the movement of the rural population to cities - urbanization.

Traditional seasonal consumption alcohol in rural areas is replaced by the so-called situational- less controlled, more frequent, carried out not in a familiar environment, but in random places.

1. Alcoholic customs of the social microenvironment (family, immediate environment), early alcoholization.

2. Neuropsychic instability.

3. Biologically determined unequal tolerance to alcohol.

Intoxication and working capacity

Labor activity is one of the forms of human adaptation to environmental conditions.

Prerequisites for early alcoholism