Experts believe that at 2 years old, a child's vocabulary should contain at least 50 words. But what should parents do if a two-year-old baby does not speak? Much depends on the efforts of adults, namely: early development speech in the baby and the content orientation of the speech development of the crumbs, his ability to actively perceive words. Of course, each child is individual and begins to talk in due time, but you can still help develop this skill with the help of special exercises and educational games.

How to talk a child: effective methods for the development of speech in children 2-3 years old

The most common method of developing a baby's speech that parents use is a technique called "tell mom." Yes, indeed, such a method is beneficial, but it is far from the only one. This technique is suitable for very young children who have just begun to pronounce the first sounds. But if this method encourages the baby to simply imitate and unconsciously repeat after the parents, the following techniques will help the child pronounce the words meaningfully and understand what is being said.

Let's explore things together

Wanting to develop speech skills in a child, try to expressively describe everything that he does. At the age of one year, children begin to actively explore the world around them. They touch objects, open and close doors, touch everything with handles.

Make it a rule to describe his actions. For example, when opening and closing doors, say: "Open the door, close it." If the child picked up any object, describe it. For example, if a child took a spoon, you can say: “Look, you have a spoon in your hands. It's a spoon." Encourage any activity of the crumbs and focus on what he is doing.

Introduction to pictures

There are a lot of educational books with colorful pictures that can help your baby get to know the world. Buy your child books for the little ones, for example, from the section on animals called "Who am I?". Showing a drawing with a cat in a book or on a card, you can say: “How does a cat do? - Meow. Through these activities, you can introduce the baby to animals and help pronounce certain sounds. This method is ideal for the baby, as he already understands that this or that sound belongs to each animal. Try to study animals that you can see on the street. The kid, seeing a dog or a cat, will already begin to say “woof” or “meow”.

Education through sound

Whatever the child does, try to indicate his actions with a certain sound. For example, if he claps, say "clap-clap", even if he fell, do not immediately run to pick up the baby and at the same time gasp and groan, but rather say "boom, boom." This approach even amuses children and they quickly forget that they just flopped. This method will help the baby realize that each movement has a certain sound, he will actively develop memory.

Voice accompaniment

When the baby makes any sounds, ask him to repeat. For example, tell your child, “How do geese do? “Ha-ha-ha.” If he says something, in your opinion, awkward like “aha, booboo,” repeat after him. The child must be encouraged to speak, pronounce any sound and encourage him to do so.

Speech development classes for children 2-3 years old: exercises for the development of phonemic hearing

Phonemic hearing is a fine systematized hearing that allows you to distinguish and recognize phonemes. mother tongue. This is an innate ability that allows you to distinguish among themselves words consisting of the same phonemes. For example, "boar-bank, nose-sleep", etc. There are many interesting and entertaining games that will help develop phonemic hearing in a child. Let's consider a few of these.

Exercises and games for the development of phonemic hearing in children 2-3 years old

The essence of this game is as follows: put the child with his back to the players. It is desirable that as many people as possible participate, but not less than 3 people. The host asks one of the family members to say the name of the child, and he, in turn, must guess who called him.

Play with sounds

If there are various instruments at home, for example, a piano, a tambourine, an accordion, or others, invite the baby to guess which instrument you play. Accordingly, the baby should not see what subject you have chosen, it is necessary that he determine by ear which instrument sounded.

Who is speaking?

Invite the child to pronounce the sounds characteristic of different animals. Be sure to prepare pictures of animals with their kids. For example, ask them to show how a mother cat “speaks” loudly and loudly, and how a kitten speaks quietly and thinly. Then a dog and a puppy, a cow and a calf, and so on.

Repeat after me

This game is played according to the following principle: mom or dad taps out some elementary rhythm, and the baby must repeat. Then the sounds become more complex. When the child masters the game, invite him to create sounds, and you will repeat. Both fun and useful.

These games will not immediately give a positive result. The child in the process of games will develop memory and thinking, which will serve as an excellent basis for the development of phonemic hearing.

Finger games for the development of speech in children 2-3 years old

Finger games are wonderful and easy hands that contribute to the development of speech in children. Dedicate finger games for 10-15 minutes a day, but no more. Also, do not try to learn all the games at once, 2-3 games will be enough to start, after you can change the games to new ones.

How can finger games help a child speak? Very simple. The essence of the games is that the parent tells poems in the course of classes, where the same words are often repeated. Thus, the child perceives the words of the mother by ear and understands what is at stake. And then he tries to repeat the sounds.

You can start to engage with a child with the most elementary finger games such as "magpie-white-sided" or "there is a horned goat." Offer the baby another such game: take the baby’s pen, and, bending his fingers, pronounce the names of relatives. For example, this finger is dad, this finger is mom, etc.

Fingers up game

Bend the baby's fingers, and then with your thumb "wake up" everyone else. With an exclamation of "Hurrah!" open the cam completely, as if all the fingers woke up.

Children learn the world through touch. You can arrange a whole finger theater, knit or sew interesting animals for a more interesting and colorful game.

Articulation gymnastics for the development of speech in young children

By developing your baby’s speech from an early age, you will help your baby express his thoughts and desires faster through words. The main goal of articulatory gymnastics is to give the child a certain skill for the competent pronunciation of sounds. By training the speech apparatus, you help your child learn words correctly.

• Do the exercises regularly, because any skill needs to be consolidated gradually.
• Do not offer your baby more than 2-3 exercises at once.
• Each session should be 5-10 minutes long.
• Be sure to reinforce the completed exercises several times.
• Do gymnastics in game form, since the baby will not be interested in performing static, monotonous movements.

At the age of 2, children do not have a pronounced speech problem, but for the sake of prevention, simple entertaining exercises should be performed.

Articulation gymnastics:

1. "Opening and closing gates" . Invite your child to open their mouth and hold this position for a few seconds.
2. "Show me the fence." When you offer the crumbs to show the "fence", he should close his teeth and smile broadly.
3. "Brush-brush your teeth" . Together with the baby, open your mouth wide and run your tongue along the inside and outside of the teeth.
4. "Painter". This exercise is more difficult. Offer the baby with a tongue how to draw any elements in the sky. And then, like a painter, you can completely paint over the entire sky.

Be sure to practice together. These exercises develop the mobility of the organs of the speech apparatus. Articulatory gymnastics is the key to beautiful and correct sound pronunciation in children at an early age.

Advice from specialists on the development of speech in children under 3 years old

Parents often panic when their child does not want to start talking. Regarding difficult speech, an authoritative pediatrician E. O. Komarovsky says the following:

“Difficulty in speech can be caused by the fact that adults do not actively communicate with the child. But when the kid goes to kindergarten, he will catch up, as children quickly try to adapt to society, purely instinctively. But there is a high probability that he will have problems with pronunciation, so it is better to deal with the child from an early age.

R. Levykin, psychologist:

For the development of speech is useful:

1. Talk to your child as much as possible and encourage him to speak as much as possible. Ask him questions. Ask for his opinion. Comment on your actions.
2. Develop horizons. Walk more: gardens, playgrounds, parks, museums, zoos, walks in the forest, etc.
3. Develop motor skills of hands: plasticine, paints, crafts from natural materials, designers.

From the book by I. A. Ermakova “Talk to me, mom! Educational activities for kids» :

Speech therapy massage of the facial muscles helps with the correct development of speech. A light massage of the cheeks, forehead, lips helps to regulate blood circulation, improves muscle elasticity and serves effective way prevention of speech disorders. Light circular movements should be performed with the fingertips of both hands so that wrinkles do not form on the skin. Massage should be done slowly and smoothly for 2-5 minutes 2 times a day. Course duration - 10-15 sessions. Before starting the massage, you need to cut your long nails, wash and warm your hands thoroughly, lubricate your fingertips with nourishing or baby cream.

1. Perform light circular movements from the middle of the forehead to the temples.
2. Perform light circular movements from the middle of the forehead to the earlobes.
3. Perform light circular strokes under the eyes from the nose to the temples.
4. Perform light circular movements from the middle of the forehead to the neck.
5. Perform light circular movements from the wings of the nose to the corners of the lips.
6. Perform light circular movements from the wings of the nose to the lobes of the ears.
7. Perform light circular movements along the contour, first of the upper and then of the lower lip - from the corners to the middle.
8. Perform light tapping on the lips with your fingertips.
9. Perform light circular movements from the middle of the upper lip to the chin.

Yu.S. Kosmina, speech therapist of the highest category:

In the family, it is necessary to create such conditions for the child so that he feels satisfaction from communicating with adults, receives from them not only new knowledge, but also enriches his lexicon, learned to build sentences correctly, pronounce sounds clearly, tell interesting stories.

By expanding the circle of the child's ideas about the surrounding objects and phenomena, talking with him on various everyday topics that are close and accessible to the understanding of the baby, parents will thereby not only expand his horizons, but also contribute to mastering the correct speech.

Speech therapist-defectologist Anna Makovei about methods for developing speech in twins:

Twins are a different matter. They have each other and that says it all. A special language, complete mutual understanding and lack of incentive to master the common language. The most humane of all the tried-and-tested means (here is the separation / delivery to grandmothers and the division of responsibilities for raising everyone between dad and mom) seems to me to be the introduction of children into a group of peers. There, kids realize the need to master speech and learn to voice their needs (which in kindergarten vital).

Individual communication with parents also helps to "talk" these children. Here is your imagination and resourcefulness. One with dad goes to the store for ... (something very necessary !!! You can’t do it alone!), The second stays with mom .... boil a kettle, wash dishes, etc.

Do not worry if the child did not start talking at the age of 1.5-2.5 years. It is worth fearing if a child at the age of 3 does not want to utter a single sound. This is an occasion to contact a specialist who will help find the answer to the question of whether.

Teach your children, develop their speech, thinking, memory, because a lot depends on the parents. And with such a set of modern techniques, books, educational games, you can decorate the everyday life of not only the baby, but also your own.

The list of skills and abilities that a child at the age of 1-3 years old masters is very extensive. Parents will have to help the baby learn to roll over, crawl and walk, hold a spoon, manipulate toys and, of course, talk.

Why is language development so important for a child?

Timely mastery of speech skills is very important for the development of the child as a whole. Speech contributes to the improvement of the mental activity of the baby, expands its capabilities in understanding the world, positively affects the mental state of the child, plays an important role in regulating the behavior of the crumbs.

In addition, a sufficiently developed speech makes communication between the child and any close adult successful and reduces the risk of the baby's aggressive reactions to misunderstanding on the part of adults.

Many parents believe that this skill will form by itself and no additional effort is needed. However, this opinion is erroneous. Developing a child's speech is the task of mom and dad, who must first of all constantly talk to him from infancy.

In addition, it is important for parents to constantly initiate communicative situations. If you do not engage in native speech with the baby, at least he will speak quite late, and in the worst case, you can miss neurological problems and developmental delay.

What stages of language development does a child go through from birth?

From the first sounds to the first words of the baby, the path is not close and not easy. The baby, along with his parents, has a lot to learn. In the speech development of a child, six main milestones can be distinguished:

scream

This means of communication is available to the baby from birth on a reflex level. When a child feels discomfort caused by hunger, painful sensations, wet diaper or something, he screams, expressing his displeasure.

Over time, the mother may notice that the baby can scream not only out of need, but simply in order to call her. The child gives a voice, then pauses, waiting for someone to come to his call. If no one rushes to the baby, he starts screaming louder.

Moreover, the cries of a baby of three months old already differ in intonation and volume, and therefore in content, so that observant parents can already understand by sound what exactly the baby wants to say.

Cooing

This is the next milestone in speech development. The sounds pronounced by the baby during this period (approximately from 2-3 to 5-7 months) are varied: these are both vowels and consonants, which the baby seems to sing: “aaa”, “gyyy”, “agu”, “guu” .

The child is especially active in the presence of loved ones, when they play or talk with him.

It is good if the mother does not hesitate to repeat the sounds that the baby makes, because then he, trying to repeat after her, will master them even better. The older the baby becomes, the longer the chain of sounds available to his articulatory apparatus he can skip.

babbling

The next stage in the development of the baby's speech after cooing is babbling. Now the baby is tasting the syllables: “ma”, “ba”, “pa”, etc. At first, he pronounces these sound combinations once, and remembering how to do it and what comes of it, he tries to pronounce several identical syllables: “ma -ma-ma", "tu-tu". This is a responsible step on the way to mastering words.

First words

The first words the child usually pronounces at the age of 11-12 months. Actively continuing to babble, the baby may notice that from the small combinations of sounds familiar to him, longer ones are formed, to which the family also reacts very joyfully: “ma-ma”, “pa-pa”, “ba-ba”.

At this stage of speech development, it is very important for adults to get involved as actively as possible, “throwing” the baby with a lot of short words, the meaning of which will be clear to him. Onomatopoeia is well remembered: “av-av”, “boom”, “bam”, “ko-ko”, “bi-bi” and others.

In addition, it is useful to comment on your actions and the actions of the baby, read more aloud and train the muscles of the cheeks and lips of the child with a variety of exercises:

• articulation gymnastics,
• playing the fife and harmonica,
• blowing soap bubbles,
• even blowing off dandelion parachutes.

Thus, the vocal apparatus of the crumbs will be prepared for the next stage - active speaking.

Mastering more difficult words and increasing vocabulary

Mastering the words of an adult lexicon is another step towards full-fledged speech. There comes a period of active expansion of the vocabulary, and for the development of the speech of the crumbs, it is important for parents to use words of different parts of speech in communication with the child:

• nouns,
• Verbs,
• adjectives.

The baby learns more and more various objects and actions and begins to call them by their proper names, even if sometimes distorted: “lyalyaka” (roly-poly), “ampka” (light bulb), “babaka” (dog).

It is important not to scold the baby if he fails to pronounce the word correctly, but to repeat it over and over again in the correct version. Gradually, the baby will cope with articulatory tricks and will be able to speak quite clearly, but first he will try to put a few words together.

Putting words into phrases

Combining words into short phrases, and then into long ones, is usually available to a child closer to two years. During this period, the child makes up simple phrases such as "Lala is sleeping", "the dog is walking."

If at the previous stages of speech development the baby heard enough words denoting not only objects, but also actions and main signs, it will be easy for him to combine familiar words into understandable phrases, comprehending various situations.

How to develop a baby's speech at home?

The child begins to express his emotions and desires from the first days, including through verbal means. Therefore, language skills should be developed as early as possible. Of course, this does not mean that in a month the child will be reciting Barto by heart, the classes will have a cumulative effect.

From birth to six months

So, the baby settles in the house. Parents and the baby continue the recently begun acquaintance with each other, look for a convenient daily routine, get used to the changes. One of these changes is commenting on your actions.

Verbal contact with the child

Of course, no adult in their right mind would do this just like that. However, for the parents of a baby, this is absolutely normal and even necessary: ​​“Who woke up with us? This Ksyushenka woke up! Now Ksyusha and I will wash, like this, first we will wash the right eye, now the left, ”and stuff like that.

Please note that from a very early age, you need to talk to the child, albeit affectionately, but without distorting the words, pronouncing them clearly, not lisping. This will give the child the opportunity to memorize lexical units in the correct form.

Educational songs and rhymes

It’s great if a mother has several nursery rhymes and songs in her arsenal: rhythmic combinations of words will interest the baby, their sound is useful for developing a child’s speech, sense of rhythm, and hearing.

Very good effect shows the reading of nursery rhymes during daily rituals: massage, bathing, games. Each type of activity has its own rhyme, its own lexical group, its own intonations. Over time, the baby will recognize both the procedures themselves and the words that correspond to them.

Praise and support

If you notice that the child is showing speech initiative, trying to pronounce new sounds, be sure to support him in this difficult task. Repeat the sound yourself, praise the baby, help the baby pronounce the new sound again.

Articulation gymnastics

With the onset of cooing, you can perform articulation gymnastics with your baby in the form of a game. An adult can puff out his cheeks, stick out his tongue, lick his lips and encourage the child to repeat after him.

And if you also smile between grimacing, the baby will understand that this is really a fun game, and he will want to try to make it just as funny.

From 6 months to a year

Maintaining speech dialogue, games

And during this period, you should not leave constant commenting on your actions and the actions of the baby, as well as the repetition of rhymes during daily procedures. It is also important to respond in a timely manner to all the sounds and syllables that the child utters, answering them with a short phrase and thus forming a dialogue.

The well-known games “Forty”, “Ladushki” are good for children at this age - both motor skills, and coordination, and speech develop immediately. You can't do without a game of hide-and-seek with the same "cuckoo".

Onomatopoeia

You can also start introducing your baby to animals, offering him one or two toys each, talking about one or another animal and uttering a sound that is characteristic of her: “Katya, look what a pussy. The pussy is beautiful, white. The pussy says "meow meow!".

It is important to say about the same thing every time you show a toy until the child starts to recognize it and show it at the appropriate request (“Show the pussy. Where is the pussy? Here is the pussy: “meow-meow”). Onomatopoeia children memorize willingly and easily.

From one to two years

If the parents are carefully engaged in the speech development of the baby, then in the period from 15 to 18 months there should be a jump, when a large part of the child’s vocabulary carefully formed by adults passes from a passive state to an active one.

In other words, the baby begins to use words, naming certain objects, actions, denoting situations. However, in anticipation of this moment, as well as after it, it is important not to stop classes aimed at mastering the speech skill.

Repetition of sounds and words

Continuing interaction with toys (remember our cat "meow-meow"), a new element should be introduced into the situation - to encourage the child to pronounce the sound that the animal says.

If the baby did not answer the question the first time, the adult does it himself: “What does the pussy say? Kitty says "meow". Ksyusha, tell me, how does the pussy say? This contributes to the removal of words from a passive dictionary to an active one, helps the baby begin to use knowledge in practice.

Examination of books and poems, their discussion

This is really a whole field for the development of both speech and other intellectual abilities: you can read and look at images, discuss, name objects, colors, look for something in the picture, etc.

It is important to do all this for an adult and a child together, and not just once, but repeating every day. It is necessary to read with expression, in different voices and with different intonation, as required by the text. Monotonous reading will not interest the baby, and the lesson will not bring either pleasure or benefit.

Verbal participation in dialogue with adults

It must be remembered: the age from 1.5 to 2 years already implies the participation of the child in the dialogue verbally. If earlier it was enough that the question "Where?" the baby showed the desired object, now questions and tasks should involve a simple verbal answer: “What is the elephant doing?”, “How does the dog bark?”, “Who came?”, “Let's call dad. How shall we call papa?

Verse negotiation

After a year and a half, the child is able to cope with such interesting and not too interesting things. a simple task like scribbling rhymes. Those verses that you have already studied with the baby through repeated repetition are probably already well imprinted in his memory.

When reading, try not to finish the last word of the stanza and ask the baby to finish the rhyme, while you can silently pronounce the word, actively moving your lips, so that the child understands what they want from him.

Such reading of poems can become one of your favorite things to do together. Over time, it will be possible to encourage the baby to finish the word in each line, and soon the baby will surprise adults with a fully told rhyme.

Vocabulary expansion, phrase building

As in previous periods, it is important for adults to comment on everything and everyone - at home, on a walk, during the game, while continuing to develop the child's vocabulary and give him an example correct construction phrases.

This will give the baby the opportunity to build phrases from 2-3 words by 20 months. And in order for the speech capabilities of the child to be embodied in practice, do not forget to create situations in which the skills of the little man will manifest themselves. In other words, ask questions that a child at 2 years old is able to answer.

From 2 to 3 years

In this period speech development The child goes in three directions:

1. The vocabulary and vocabulary continues to grow.
2. There are attempts to build more complex phrases (two parts: “The bear is sleeping, and the bunny is walking”, with subordinating conjunctions “because”, “when” and others).
3. The sound of speech is “cleaned”: hissing, whistling sounds, unpronounceable “p” and other shortcomings are corrected (tongue twisters are well suited for this).

Question answer

Almost continuous commenting can be replaced by answers to the baby's questions. Most likely, there will be quite a lot of them, so parents still will not have to be silent. The main thing is to answer in a language accessible to the child and without overloading with unnecessary information.

Toy plays and performances

At this age, kids will be interested in participating in a toy performance. You can play a small situation, the heroes of which will be the child's favorite characters.

In other words, this is already a plot game, involving both a real and a speech situation. For example, you can offer to feed the dolls lunch, commenting “Let's arrange the dishes. Who wants a cup? And this one? What color is the mug? Who will eat?

Such a game will develop the child's thinking abilities and encourage him to use the appropriate words for the situation.

Special exercises and techniques for the development of children's speech activity

Of course, all children are different and not all of them, as if on command, begin to pronounce the first words by the year, and build phrases a little older than one and a half.

It is in the power of parents to help babies develop speech, and, in addition to those described above, general rules There are also special techniques that provoke the child to participate in the dialogue in one way or another:

Artificial misunderstanding (provocation)

If the child is already at the age when he can name toys, but does not do this for some personal “beliefs” and only tells his mother to give this or that thing with a command squeak, the mother can pretend that she does not understand: “I can’t understand , what do you want? Typewriter? Doll? Ball?"

As a rule, children easily succumb to this trick and either in the end name the desired object, or at least react in the affirmative to any word in the process of listing.

Choice Situation

When going for a walk or seating your baby for dinner, ask: “Will you wear a white blouse or a red one?”, “What are we going to drink, juice or milk?”, Encouraging the baby to think about the answer and express it in verbal form.

Games for the development of motor skills

Games with natural material and any other material that promotes the development of fine motor skills also develop speech skills in children. A number of experts argue that such activities directly affect the improvement of their abilities.

An impulse to a different way of expressing thought

You should not get carried away with only one side of development, that is, speech. The child should have access to various ways of perceiving the world around him and expressing his thoughts on this matter.

Gestures and facial expressions, drawing and application, design - all this allows the baby to express his idea of ​​​​a particular event, object, phenomenon, while developing his sensory abilities. And it will be easy to accompany the action with a word.

The development of speech in a young child is not an easy task. However, if the classes are properly organized, they will gradually become firmly established in the life of the family and will seem an integral part of everyday affairs, and even more so they will not cause discomfort.

Remember that if the baby is in a bad mood or does not want to devote time to the development of speech right now, you should not insist. Well, if the baby is ready for active knowledge of the world through speech - speak, sing, read with him, repeat as many times as he asks, and soon you will hear the first verses performed by your two or three years old.

From the very first days of his life, the baby hears the sounds of human speech. Gradually, he begins to catch the intonation with which he is addressed, to understand the meaning of what was said. For the development of a child’s speech up to a year old, it is very important how a mother talks to her baby, because it is the sounds of her voice that become the very first that a child hears after birth.

Brief regulatory indicators

At 1-2 months, the baby does not yet understand the words that are spoken to him. He sleeps and only shudders from sharp sounds. By the age of 3 months, the child can already “respond” to the speech addressed to him with a smile, and a little later, by 5-6 months, he tries to walk - at this time you can begin to teach him what this or that word means. Every walk, feeding, washing, playing can be voiced verbally. So the baby will gain his first vocabulary. At first, he will begin to understand the meaning of each word, and by about the age of 10 months he will learn to pronounce simple words himself: “mom”, “dad”, “woman”, “na!” etc.

Parents need to talk as much as possible with the crumbs during any actions to care for him. Tell him simple things more often. sweet words, tell rhymes, folk rhymes, sing children's songs. During the first year of life, your baby remembers a huge number of words, and it is from them that his future speech will be formed.

In order for a child to gradually learn to speak, he needs constant emotional and verbal contact. It is advisable for the mother to explain to the baby what she is doing, sing songs to the child and accompany classes with the baby with rhythmic rhymes.

Speech development in children from 3 to 6 months

The development of the speech skills of a young child occurs in several stages. So, at 3 months, the baby already fixes his gaze well on the subject, he can lie on his tummy for some time, turning his head to look at everything around him. Now you can show him various objects, put toys in front of him, clearly pronouncing their name. We must try to pronounce simple words in a singsong voice, in an affectionate calm voice, slightly stretching the vowel sounds under stress.

At the age of 4 - 5 months, the child vividly enjoys the game "horned goat". Accompany the movements of the hand depicting the "goat" with affectionate melodic words in rhyme. You can take the baby in your arms and play with him in the "horse". The rhyme is accompanied by bouncing movements depicting riding a horse: “We will ride, ride, ride, ride on a horse! We laugh, not cry, everything is fine with us. We tell the rhyme to the beat of "jumping".

At 5-6 months of age, the baby is already trying to "talk". He makes separate sounds, “hums”. From 5 months, you can begin to actively develop the baby's speech apparatus, encourage him to coo, reacting with a smile and affectionate response words.

You can show the child several exercises that prepare the organs of speech for their main function, then encourage the baby to repeat them, for example:

1. Stick out the tongue, move it from side to side, roll the tongue into a tube.
2. Inflating your cheeks, make blowing movements (as if blowing off the fluffs of a dandelion, by the way, in the summer you can blow off the fluffs with your child in reality).
3. Try to reach the tip of your nose with your tongue.
4. Put various objects into the baby’s hand (“On!”), And then ask them: “Give!”, At the same time taking the object back. So the baby will learn to understand the meaning of these short words.

Pronounce the vowels long and affectionately, prompting the child to respond. The kid will be happy with any communication, like any game.

The kid imitates the behavior of adults, so the mother can show her child the simple speech therapy exercises available to him - he will repeat them without any requests

We teach to speak a child from six months to 1 year

Starting from 6 months, the baby masters the pronunciation of simple syllables, babbles. Around this age, the first word "ma-ma" is usually pronounced in syllables. Knows his name, turns his head when called, knows the names of toys, household items. If you ask him: “Where is the bunny? Where is the bear? ”, Looks in the right direction. At this time, you need to communicate more with the child, gradually accustoming him to the sound of short words consisting of 1-2 syllables, responding to his babbling.

At the age of 7-8 months, the child already knows how to sit, he will gladly accept the game of patties, in the magpie, which cooked the porridge. All actions for caring for the baby, all games with him must be spoken. For example, bathing him, you can tell a rhyme: “Pure water will wash mom’s face, grandmother’s hands, and Antoshka’s legs!”

Now you can play peek-a-boo with him. Covering her face with her hands, mom asks: “Where is mom?” and again appearing to the baby, he says: “Ku-ku!”. The baby will react with a joyful squeal, and soon he will learn to hide and look out.

From 8 to 9 months, the baby can be taught to depict animals with sounds. Having shown him a dog or a cat for a walk, say: “Here is a dog, she does av-av, this is kitty, she makes meow-meow.” Then the baby himself will show you a dog or a cat with a pen, accompanying his gestures with his voice.

Many benefits for the development of speech will bring games in which the parts of the body are named. You can show the child where the doll has an eye, where the head is, where the tummy is, where the leg is, naming them loudly and clearly. Next, invite the baby to show where his eyes are, where his ears are, his nose, then where the adult has them.

Games for the development of speech of children from 1 year to 2 years

The development of speech in early childhood depends on how parents talk and play with the child (for more details, see the article:). If they do a lot with the baby, at the age of 1 he will not only understand the speech of an adult addressed to him, but he will also be able to pronounce short words. "Baba, come on! Dad, on! - such phrases are already quite within his power. In addition, immediately after 1 year, the baby learns to walk, and perhaps even already walks on his own. Simultaneously with learning to walk, continue to expand the active and passive vocabulary of the crumbs. For example, helping him take his first steps, say to the beat of walking: “One, two, three, four, we taught Lyalya to walk. One, two, three, four, five - Lyalechka walks again!

You can come up with a lot of speech-developing games for your son or daughter, for example:

1. Games for the development of intonation. Put a toy kitten and a lion in front of the child, let him try to portray, by changing the timbre of his voice, how the kitten squeaks and how the lion roars.
2. Show the baby some part of the toy because of the fabric (a wheel from a typewriter, a dog's head), ask him to say what kind of toy it is. After hearing the answer, give the child a toy and offer to voice how it does.
3. From one to two years old, it's time to show the baby children's books with large color pictures. It's best if they are Russians folk tales, the meaning of which is clear to the child - "Gingerbread Man", "Turnip". Look at the pictures with your child, let him name which character is shown in which picture, what he does: eats, sleeps, plays, and so on. Then read aloud to the child slowly, with expressive intonation.
4. Hide a toy and invite the baby to find it. Just hide nearby so that the child does not look for too long, otherwise he may get tired and upset. The game should deliver positive emotions.

Children's books are a great helper for mom, as they help build vocabulary, enrich emotional perception child

Games for the development of fine motor skills

In the second year of life, the development of finger movements matters, since the well-known pediatrician Yevgeny Komarovsky proved the close relationship between the development of children's speech in early childhood and the development of fine motor skills of the fingers (we recommend reading:). According to his method, you can develop the baby's fingers through the following games:

1. Invite the baby to close his eyes, and give him some toy in his hands. Let him guess by touch what it is.
2. Assemble a simple constructor with him: a boat, a house, a tree.
3. You can give the baby clothespins and a circle of cardboard, and teach him to make "sun" with them.
4. Let the child try stringing the rings onto the string. If the baby can easily cope with the task, replace the rings with large buttons.
5. It's time to teach your one-year-old son or daughter how to fasten large buttons or lace up shoes, let the child train - this skill will be very useful to him in the future in kindergarten. See even more.

Do not worry if your child starts talking later than other children, his peers (we recommend reading:). Parents should remember that all children develop language skills in different ways. At the age of 2, one child is already reciting poetry with might and main, and the other, after two years, is just beginning to pronounce the first words (see also:). Find out more . Do not demand from the child that it is too early for him - everything has its time!

Clinical and perinatal psychologist, graduated from the Moscow Institute of Perinatal and Reproductive Psychology and the Volgograd State Medical University specializing in clinical psychology

A child's speech is an indicator of his mental development. The more clearly and accurately he pronounces syllables and words, the faster others respond to his requests. An active vocabulary helps to better understand the world, quickly learn social norms, develop memory and thinking. Psychologists do not recommend letting this process go by itself: parents should help the baby master the speech skill. Initially, children learn to speak by imitation. But if you deal with the development of speech in children from 1 to 2 years old, the process can be significantly accelerated.

The development of speech is an important milestone in the mental development of children 1-2 years old. It is important for parents to help children learn speech skills, creating favorable conditions for the development of the child.

Norms of speech development in babies 1-2 years old

For a child of 1 year of life, the development of such skills is characteristic:

• repetition of open syllables. For example, a child of 1 year old cannot pronounce the word “no”, but reproduces it as “ne”. Or says "yes", "that", etc.;
• the ability to repeat sounds and syllables: pronounces sounds characteristic of animals - “av-av”, “mau”, “ko-ko”;
• expresses emotions with intonation;
• designates objects and actions with syllables;
• perceives the names of objects, can point to them, understand what adults are talking about.

It is important not only what and how children 1-2 years old pronounce, but also the ability to memorize the names of objects, their purpose.

What determines the development of speech

The development of a child's speech depends on many factors: features physical development, emotional connection with parents.

The development of a child's speech depends on 4 factors, including anatomical, physiological, emotional and social components:

1. Emotional connection with parents: for young children, the presence of mother and father, grandparents is important. Security, predictability, understanding and respect for needs are all fertile ground for general development, including the conversational component.
2. Satisfying the need to communicate with parents. First, non-verbal communication skills are formed - facial expressions, gestures, body movements, and then verbalization follows. Therefore, not only games are important for the development of speech - an emotional response to crying, fun, hugs, turning to the baby, calling him by name - all these are prerequisites for the child to start learning to talk at 1 year old.
3. . There is a direct connection between the development of the speech centers of the brain and fine motor skills of the hands. Knowing this physiological feature, you can start the development of conversational skills through finger games, tactile palm analyzers.
4. The formation of the speech apparatus: the correct anatomical structure of the tongue, palate, larynx and vocal cords are important prerequisites for the development of speech in children of the first years of life. Sometimes a delay in speaking skill is associated with an incorrect location of the frenulum of the tongue: it is larger than necessary, and it does not reach the palate. In such cases, a notch of the frenulum is made under stationary conditions. The development of the circular muscles of the mouth, as well as the cheeks, is also taken into account. With children of one year of age, it is necessary to deal not only with the repetition of sounds - it is important to teach them to drink from a straw, blow soap bubbles and rubber balls.

Only a harmonious combination of these four components guarantees the timely development of speech in children from 1 to 2 years old. Therefore, classes should include a complex of different games, taking into account the characteristics of the baby in a year and older.

How to develop a child's speech

When developing a child's speech, it is important to take into account his age characteristics, as well as individual psychological factors that affect him.

Parents, before starting to develop speech in a child at 1 year old, should take into account 3 important rules:

• exercises should be selected so that they correspond to age characteristics and mental development each child individually. One child at 1 year and 10 months may not be able to do what is easily given to another at 1 year and 5 months. Difficult games will only harm: the baby will lose interest in them or even worse - then he will resist everything related to such tasks;
• taking into account the zone of proximal development: we learn to speak one- and two-syllable words after the baby has begun to pronounce closed and open syllables. We pass to phrases after learning to designate an object or action with words. A common mistake parents make is to keep the conversation in syllables when simple words are not yet obtained;
• understanding of the mental characteristics of children in the interval of one to three years: unstable attention lasting up to 10 minutes is normal for children of this age. Neural connections are just being formed in the brain, and overloading with educational games will lead to undesirable consequences. This can be either a headache, which the baby cannot yet say, but expresses it with crying, or a persistent rejection of developmental activities. Five to ten minutes - that's how long a developmental exercise should last according to age.

It is important for parents to remember that all children have a different pace of development and the goal should not be speaking in the phrases of a child in one and a half years, but the systematic development of a conversational skill.

Not every mother has the opportunity to systematically prepare for classes, learn jokes, and analyze finger games. Training that combines both prepared exercises and those that take place naturally for a child at 1 year and 3 months or at 2 years will be effective.

Daily Activities: 6 Simple Exercises

Daily simple exercises will help the child actively develop speech skills. It is enough to give classes 15-20 minutes a day.

1. Teach your child to express emotions with sounds: surprised “oh” and “wow”, dissatisfied “ay-ya-yay”, disappointed “eh” - all this will help him intuitively understand the function of speech.
2. Sing along or learn pitch control in another way. If the baby imitates well, it is possible to call to one another with sounds during household chores, constantly raising the pitch after it. He will quickly grasp the meaning of the game. This is especially interesting for children during the game of locks or when adults are in another room. The kid will understand that the pitch means desire, distance.
3. Speak the names of objects, but only when they are in the field of children's attention. Until the age of two or three, children understand what it is about, if they see them - visual-effective thinking. During feeding, we talk about a plate, a spoon, we name what the child points to. When bathing, we list what the little one plays with. It is also important to communicate with a baby of one and a half years about what is to come: the ritual of going to bed is called the word “sleep”, dressing for a walk on the street is “walking”.
4. Ask to blow on a toy spinner with blades, offer to inflate a dandelion. Also, let's drink from a straw more often - this helps to develop the articulatory apparatus. Please note that there is a difference between drinking through a nipple and a straw: in the first case, the baby does not need to work with his lips and cheeks for the liquid to flow - it flows by itself. But drinking juice through a straw is more difficult - you need to retract it. That is why experts in breastfeeding they say that children on breastfeeding begin to speak earlier - the muscles of the lips and cheeks are prepared and the skill of applying the tongue to the palate has been developed.
5. Offer objects with different textures for play: wet and dry cereals, wet soft toys, bulk materials (under supervision). It is especially interesting for children to pick out interesting items from the sorter.
6. Encourage play with older children. Watch how they communicate with each other: the speech of a child at 1 year old does not yet allow him to express something understandable to a 3-year-old baby, so the second one provokes the first one to look for different forms of expressing the desired. Playing children can be offered fun for interaction: the joint construction of a pyramid, the modeling of Easter cakes, and the rolling of cars in turn.

It is important for parents not so much knowledge, how to teach a child to talk in terms of methodology, but desire. For 3-5 months, the development of speaking skills will advance only with an approach based on a careful and patient attitude to the mistakes and trials of the baby.

Games for the development of speaking skills

Use speech therapy exercises and games aimed at developing speech skills.

There are many speech therapy developments on how to develop a child's speech in the interval of 1-2 years. Here are some of the most accessible:

• For children from 1 year to 1 and 3 months: games with toys in the form of animals. Offer to feed them, but first an animal, for example, a dog, should ask for food - “av-av”, etc. During this period, it is important that the baby actively imitates - repeats sounds and syllables.
• Toddlers from 1 year and 3 months to 1 year and 6 months: tower building games, car rides, body loading. You need to name objects and actions. This will help the baby learn to distinguish processes from names.
• Children from one and a half to two years old, for example, at 1 year and 10 months old, need to expand their vocabulary: explain objects in the picture, and then ask them to find the same among the toys or in the room.

Before you teach a child to speak, you need to determine the level of his understanding. If a conceptual component is formed - he knows the meaning of words, but does not say them, then the task of the parent is to push him to speak. To do this, it is not necessary to delve into psychology and speech therapy: observation and close contact with the baby - The best way understand your child.

Club of Passionate Moms

So your baby is one year old. You, as a caring mother, of course, are worried about whether the development of your child meets the standards.

Up to a year, speech development in different children goes through the same stages, we wrote about them in the article ““. The difference between peers is at first insignificant, but after a year speech develops at an active pace, and in order to “keep abreast” and guide the development of the baby, we will talk about child's speech development at 1 year old.

So, in accordance with the norms, by the end of the first year of life, your child should be able to:

• correctly pronounce from 2 to 6-8 words,
• use about 5-10 babble words like: bi-bi, bo-bo, woof,
• show the items you name,
• fulfill simple requests like: give me your hand, look at your aunt,
• understand the word "impossible".

Further speech development of a child at 1 year old will be due to the following factors:

1. high-quality speech environment;
2. baby health;
3. the development of fine motor skills;
4. hereditary factors.

Of all these factors, parents are not able to change only heredity, and the rest is all in our hands.

1. High-quality speech environment

Let's say figuratively - "in order to grow tasty fruits, you need fertile soil." This means that you need to create such conditions so that the baby has the opportunity to replenish vocabulary and train pronunciation skills. Read more about how to read in a separate article.

2. Baby's health

If your baby is often sick, this means that a large amount of his energy resources are spent on restoring the balance of the body disturbed by the disease. Because for survival, the health of the body is more important than speech skills and much more.

Try to understand why your child often gets sick. Consult with various specialists, but do not rely only on doctors, analyze for yourself, no one knows your real family situation better than you.

As soon as the baby stops getting sick, all the power will go to development.

3. Development of fine motor skills

Most parents already know how the development of fine motor skills affects speech, if you want to check if you understand this process correctly, take a look.

Develop fine motor skills in your baby - this will have a beneficial effect on the development of his brain.

In the "" section you will find many ideas for interesting educational games and activities with the baby.

4. Hereditary factors

We cannot change heredity, but to know " weak spots» your family gene pool and the manifestation of unwanted diseases is a must! Then you can respond in time and be sure to carry out the prevention of chronic family diseases.

Conditions for the development of a child's speech at 1 year

Communication

Continue to talk a lot with your baby, tell him everything that is happening, what he sees, where you are going and who has come. Do not think about whether he will understand you, it is enough that he hears your speech and remembers the constructions of different phrases.

Replenishment of the passive dictionary

Name the child different objects, let him find them with his eyes or point to them with his finger, so you will see that the baby understands more than he says.

index finger

After a year, there comes a time when the child begins to point at something with his finger and ask you to explain what it is. Catch these moments and satisfy the curiosity of your yearling, and he will grow inquisitive and talkative.

Do you want to play with your child easily and with pleasure?

Pick up a few rhymes that you will accompany with movements, over time, the baby will begin to remember the movements and repeat them after you. So you will see that the baby is already learning poetry, but so far he cannot read them aloud to you.

finger games

A lot has been written about the importance of finger games, so we will not repeat ourselves. You can also do a daily massage of the fingers and palms, fold the brush into a fist, train the pointing gesture - this can be no less fun and useful than finger games.

Songs

Sing songs with your baby, at this age, kids try to actively sing along. Come up with simple movements for songs and dance together.

Choose short songs for one or two quatrains, and soon the baby will be able to sing them with you.

Offers

Help your child build sentences. If he pulls his hands towards you and says “mom”, voice his request, say it out loud, thereby setting an example that in such a situation you need to say - “Mom, take me in your arms”.

Role (story) games

It's time to start teaching your child to play role-playing games. Playing different life situations, you not only develop the baby's speech, but also prepare him for an adequate perception of everyday situations and the ability to respond to different plot twists.

Unfortunately, psychologists and educators note that the current generation of preschool children do not know how to develop story games, so teach role-playing games to your child yourself.

Play mother-daughter, shop, doctor, develop your child's social skills along with speech.

Developing your baby's speech at 1 year old, remember that each baby is unique, which means that he may not “fit” into the average norms. However, if you see that your baby does not keep up with the norms in his development all the time, then this is an alarming signal, and it is better to consult a specialist.