Quite often, Losers are far from stupid children. A smart girl and a smart boy get bad grades every now and then. Let's try to figure out the reasons why a child does not study well. Let's consider all the options. Poor academic performance early in school or in high school.

Heightened self-esteem... Most often, when a child is accustomed to easily getting whatever he wants, it is difficult for him to understand and accept the need to work on his own in order to get the result.

At home he is praised and admired for the very fact of his existence. There will be no such attitude at school. The child gets into a pose and refuses to study.

Solution: you need to stop showering the child with gifts, and praise him only in words. The child must understand that parents are senior leaders and educators, and not an eternal source of material wealth.

Estimates only... When parents are only interested in the numbers in the diary and in notebooks, and not the inner world of the heir. In our daily running, we often simply do not have time or do not want (there is no strength left), to hug the baby and ask about friends, mood or failures. Only marks, marks, marks.

Good grades - mom will pat her on the head and run to the kitchen. Dad may not talk about school at all. But in vain. After all, the whole life of children is spent among peers and teachers. And it is not always joyful and without conflicts. So the child begins to try with bad grades to draw the attention of relatives to inner experiences and, perhaps, problems.

The way out: start spending more time. Walk together, play board games and read. Go to the park, to the skating rink, to the cinema. Talk, but do not use the words "grades", "school". Share your childhood memories and friends - girlfriends. Tell us what games you played and what films you watched, how you resolved conflicts. The child will be drawn into the conversation and will feel that you are worried not only that he does not study well, but also his state of mind.

Excessive exactingness... If parents expect more from their children than what they are capable of, and make excessive demands, the child begins to be afraid to make decisions on their own, fearing criticism and anger from their elders. Such children prefer to remain silent in the classroom and not participate in the educational process.

Solution. If you notice this behavior in your child, change the style of communication with him. To make the student believe in himself, praise him for his diligence, diligence in completing lessons, for initiative. Let the child understand that independence is cool and pleasant. Create a daily routine and help organize your free time. The sports sections bring up discipline and independence very well. Write down the child as he wishes, support him in his efforts and praise him for his successes.

The student is not interested in learning... Children are pragmatists and do not understand why they need to accumulate knowledge that is not yet known, whether they will ever have to be applied.

Try to find an activity for your student where he can see science in action. Go around all the circles that are in the school or the nearest kids club. Young chemist, cook, designer, physicist. A circle of modeling, knitting, programming. Knowledge in mathematics, physics and other skills gained in the classroom will be useful.

Lack of rivalry... A child does not learn well if he has no incentive. When a child-leader sees that his efforts and high academic performance are poorly encouraged by teachers and insufficiently appreciated by classmates, he loses all desire to learn.

Output. Involve an ambitious student in extracurricular activities. Let him show leadership qualities in the role of the headman. Ask the teacher to give the child responsible assignments, to involve them in competitions and olympiads.

If you cannot agree with the class teacher, transfer your child to a class or school with stronger students, de he will be able to communicate on an equal footing with peers.

Excessive teaching loads... When parents set too tight a schedule for classes and sections for children, he gets tired. And in high school and high school, when the authority of the parents decreases, the child can rebel and abandon school.

To remedy the situation, it will be necessary to reduce the load on additional extracurricular activities. Listen to the heir. Transitional age and health problems can permanently or permanently unsettle a teenager. Allow him on weekends or sometimes even skip Saturday classes to be with you. Praise more for your efforts on a subject that your child enjoys. Gradually, he will have a desire to receive praise in other subjects.

Why do smart kids learn poorly? I think you received the main answers to the questions. And none of our children are brakes. If something goes wrong with our heirs with their studies, then only in our power to help them cope with difficulties.

Remember yourself more often at school age and love children unconditionally. Childhood will fly by quickly, make it happy.

The fact is that some children may show mental retardation. This will negatively affect development, and therefore, it is worthwhile to understand the reasons for this phenomenon and learn about the methods of treatment.

Most parents begin to worry when their child begins to sit down later than the others, talk to walk, panic begins that something is wrong with the child. The child manifests himself too energetically, at first he makes all the movements, and then he can sit and think about it. Usually in kindergarten, he cannot concentrate, his actions are not purposeful, he does not understand how to continue, how to start, he is often distracted.

Is it worth worrying, because the child is growing and this seems to be the usual behavior of children, some parents think. But it is imperative to think about or consult a specialist in such cases. The child grows up, goes to school and encounters serious difficulties for him. He cannot find a common language with schoolchildren. In his behavior, he noticeably lags behind his peers, teachers begin to complain to their parents, who, in turn, are surprised, he studies for three hours, but there is no sense, it means being lazy.

Of course, the child begins to feel vulnerable, because he tries as best he can, the parents did not appreciate it, the teachers too. The child begins to lag behind, classmates make jokes, nervousness, depression and a lack of desire to go to school appear. Delayed children mental development are very energetic, they sometimes have a hard time understanding what they are being asked for and what they should do. They have no interest in the world around them, like their peers. The child lives, as it were, in his own inhibited world, where everything is quiet, slowly and does not develop. All this comes from the lack of his brain activity and thinking, it stands still and cannot develop on its own.

When studying children with slow development, it was proved that the child does not develop both the left and right hemispheres of the brain. He accepts information very succinctly, as if not in full format, if his peer. Memory also decreases, this is noticeably manifested when he wants to understand, grasp the meaning of what was said, and the child begins to resort to rote memorization. A child with mental retardation appears to have a decrease in the ability to plan, guess and manage their actions, as a result of this, he does everything at random and many mistakes appear. Parents of such children, who believe that their child is lazy, a fidget, do not think that it is very difficult for a child to catch up and compete, to be at least on a par with their peers. They start to get tired instantly, doing one job, switching to another. It is very important to note all this and provide first aid to the child.

The parent is wondering what action should I take? But usually, parents are divided into two categories:

- A child without the help of his parents cannot do anything,

- The child must be independent.

In the first case, from the very birth they cannot "breathe" on the child, distraught mothers cannot leave the child for a second, believing that something will happen to him. The child begins to grow up, without the help of his parents, he does not dress, does not eat, is not going to school, he has constant control, he does his homework only with supervision. Such care is very harmful to children. He does not develop a sense of self-preservation, a sense of confidence, independence. It becomes like a "living flower" that is waiting to be sprinkled and poured with water. No doubt control is needed, but parents must manage it correctly, realizing that their baby is also a person who must learn to have an opinion and not be afraid to express it.

The second type of parents, on the contrary, from birth, mothers can leave the child to grandmothers, aunts, sisters without fear that they will do something wrong. Growing up, they put a lot of stress on the child, believing that the child must cope with everything. Such actions can otherwise lead to a small capacity for work, rapid fatigability, the child can become aggressive and often change his mood. To avoid all these moments, psychologists recommend giving the child a rest more often. During any load, give the child breaks. In order for the child to relax all the muscles, eyes, and the brain, it is recommended to let the child jump, run, lie down looking at the pictures, this will certainly be beneficial.

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Delay in mental development in a child is a specific condition that implies a slower pace of formation of individual functions of the psyche, namely, the processes of memory and attention, mental activity, which are lagging behind in formation in comparison with the established norms for a certain age stage. This ailment is more often diagnosed in children at the preschool stage, during testing and checking them for mental maturity and readiness for learning, and is manifested by limited views, a lack of knowledge, inability to mental activity, immaturity of thinking, the prevalence of play, children's interests. If signs of underdevelopment of mental functions are found in children who are at the senior school age stage, then it is recommended to think about their presence. Today, the delayed development of the functions of the psyche and the methods of corrective action of such a state are an urgent neuropsychiatric problem.

Causes of mental retardation in a child

Today, the problems of mental retardation all over the world are recognized by psychologists as one of the most pressing problematic issues of psychological and pedagogical orientation. Modern psychology identifies three key groups of factors that provoke a slower pace of formation of individual mental processes, namely, the peculiarities of the course of pregnancy and the passage of the direct birth process, factors of a socio-pedagogical nature.

The factors associated with the course of pregnancy usually include viral diseases that women have suffered, for example, rubella, severe toxicosis, drinking alcoholic beverages, smoking, exposure to pesticides, intrauterine oxygen starvation of the fetus, Rh-conflict. The second group of provocative factors includes injuries sustained by infants during the labor process, fetal asphyxia or its entanglement with the umbilical cord, and premature placental abruption. The third group covers factors that depend on a lack of emotional attention and a deficit in psychological influence on infants from the adult environment. It also includes pedagogical neglect and limitation of life activity for a long time. This is especially felt by children under 3 years old. Also in early childhood, the lack of a standard for inheritance provokes a lag in the development of children.

Positive favorable emotional climate family relations, in which the baby grows and lends itself to educational influence, is the foundation for his normal physical formation and mental development. Constant scandals and excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, and lead to inhibition of the emotional sphere of the baby and a slowdown in the pace of his development. At the same time, excessive custody can provoke a slower pace of formation of mental functions, in which the volitional component is affected in children. In addition, constantly ill babies are often susceptible to this ailment. Inhibition of development can often be observed in crumbs that have previously suffered various injuries that touched the brain. Often, the occurrence of this ailment in babies is directly associated with a delay in their physical development.

Symptoms of mental retardation in a child

It is impossible to diagnose the presence of developmental retardation in newborns in the absence of obvious physical defects in them. Often, the parents themselves ascribe to their own children far-fetched merits or non-existent successes, which also complicates the diagnosis. Parents of babies should carefully monitor their development and sound the alarm if they begin to sit or crawl later than their peers, if by the age of three, they are not able to build sentences on their own and speak too little vocabulary... Often, primary disorders in the formation of individual mental processes are noticed by educators in a preschool institution or teachers in a school institution, when they discover that one student is more difficult than his peers in learning, writing or reading, there are difficulties with memorization and with speech function. In such situations, it is recommended that parents show their baby to a specialist, even if they are sure that his development is normal. Since early detection of symptoms of mental retardation in children contributes to the timely onset of corrective action, which leads to the further normal development of babies without consequences. The later the parents sound the alarm, the more difficult it will be for children to study and adapt to their peers.

Symptoms of mental retardation in children are often associated with pedagogical neglect. In such babies, developmental lag is primarily due to social reasons, for example, the situation in family ties.

Children with mental retardation are often characterized by the presence different types infantilism. In such babies, the immaturity of the emotional sphere comes to the fore, and the defects in the formation of intellectual processes go into the background and are not so noticeable. They are susceptible to repeated changes in mood, in class or during gameplay they are characterized by restlessness, the desire to throw out all their inventions in them. At the same time, it is quite difficult to captivate them with mental activity and intellectual games... Such kids get tired faster than their peers and are not able to concentrate on completing assignments, their attention is dispersed to more interesting, in their opinion, cases.

Children with mental retardation, observed primarily in the emotional sphere, often have problems with learning in school, and their emotions, corresponding to the development of young children, often dominate obedience.

In children with a predominance of immaturity of development in the intellectual sphere, everything happens the other way around. They are practically uninitiative, often overly shy and shy, susceptible to a number of different ones. The listed features inhibit the development of independence and the formation of personal development of the crumb. These babies also have a predominant interest in play. Often they are rather difficult to experience their own failures in school life or in the educational process, it is not easy to get along in an unfamiliar environment, in a school or preschool, they get used to the teaching staff for a long time, but at the same time they approximately behave there and obey.

Qualified specialists can diagnose mental retardation in children, establish its type and correct child behavior. In the course of a comprehensive examination and examination of the crumbs, the following factors should be taken into account: the pace of its activity, psycho-emotional state, motor skills and features of mistakes in the learning process.

Mental retardation in babies is diagnosed if the following characteristic features are observed:

They are incapable of collective activity (educational or play);

Their attention is less developed than that of their peers, it is problematic for them to concentrate to master complex material, it is also difficult not to be distracted during the teacher's explanations;

The emotional sphere of babies is very vulnerable, with the slightest failure, such children tend to withdraw into themselves.

From this it turns out that the behavior of children with mental retardation can be identified by their unwillingness to take part in group play or educational activities, unwillingness to follow the example of an adult, to achieve set goals.

In the diagnosis of this disease, there is a risk of error, due to the fact that one can confuse the immaturity of the development of the crumbs with his unwillingness to perform tasks that do not correspond to his age, or to engage in uninteresting activities.

Treatment of mental retardation in a child

Modern practice proves that children with mental retardation can study in an ordinary general educational institution, and not in a specialized correctional orientation. Parents and teachers should understand that the difficulties in teaching children with immaturity in the development of mental processes at the beginning of school life are not the result of their laziness or dishonesty, but have objective, serious reasons that will be successfully overcome only with joint efforts. Therefore, babies with a retarded pace of formation of mental processes need comprehensive joint assistance from parents, teachers and psychologists. Such help is: a personal approach to each crumb, regular sessions with specialists (a psychologist and a deaf teacher), in some cases - drug therapy. For the drug treatment of mental retardation in children, neurotropic drugs, homeopathic remedies, vitamin therapy, etc. are used. The choice of the drug depends on the characteristics of the individual child and on comorbid conditions.

It is difficult for most parents to accept that their child, due to the peculiarities of formation, will grasp everything slower than the surrounding peers. Parental care and understanding, coupled with skilled, specialized care, will help create a supportive learning environment and provide targeted parenting.

So, the corrective effect will be most effective if the parents follow the recommendations below. The jointly directed work of teachers, the close circle of crumbs and psychologists is the foundation for successful training, development and education. Comprehensive overcoming of the developmental immaturity found in the baby, the peculiarities of his behavior and the difficulties provoked by them consists in analysis, planning, forecasting and joint actions.

Correctional work with children with mental retardation along its entire length should be permeated with the influence of a psychotherapeutic nature. In other words, the baby should have a motivational focus on classes, notice his own successes and feel joy. The baby needs to develop a pleasant expectation of success and the joy of praise, pleasure from the actions performed or the work performed. Corrective action includes direct and indirect psychotherapy, individual sessions and group therapy. The purpose of correctional education is the formation of mental processes in the baby and the enhancement of his practical experience in combination with overcoming the underdevelopment of motor skills, speech and sensory functions, etc.

Specialized upbringing of babies with developmental retardation is aimed at preventing possible secondary anomalies that may arise as a result of a timely, unconquered lack of readiness of babies for the educational process and life in society.

In the process of working with children suffering from developmental retardation, it is necessary to use short-term game tasks to develop positive motivation. In general, completing play tasks should interest the kids and attract them. Any tasks should be feasible, but not too simple.

Problems of mental retardation of children often consist in the fact that such babies are not ready for schooling and interaction in a team, as a result of which their condition is aggravated. That is why, for a successful correction, you need to know all the features of the manifestations of the disease and have a comprehensive effect on babies. At the same time, parents are required to be patient, interested in the result, understanding the characteristics of their own children, love and sincere care for children.

Doctor of the PsychoMed Medical and Psychological Center

The information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and cannot replace professional advice and qualified medical assistance. At the slightest suspicion of a mental retardation in a child, be sure to consult a doctor!

All parents who complain about the slowness of their children can be roughly divided into two groups. The first group includes those parents in whose family a brooding and leisurely child with a phlegmatic type of character who loves to dream is growing up. He seems to literally sleep on the move. But in fact, the child is completely normal, even much more scrupulous and judicious than his peers.

The second group of parents are those who are faced with a real problem. And in this case the fact that the child is very slow is a consequence of problems in his nervous system, the activity of which is slowed down.

There is one more possible reason slowness in a child. It may be related to family relationships. For example, constant scandals and fights between parents can cause a strong feeling of anxiety in a child, which can lead to a slowdown in the child's mental activity. Excessive severity of the father or mother also affects the child. Constants prevent the child from concentrating on the work being done, and, as you understand, there is no incentive to do it. It is unlikely that endless reproaches will be able to make the kid listen to you and happily complete your tasks. But unlike the first two reasons for the slowness, this is easy to deal with. To change everything into better side, it is enough just to stop scolding the child, as well as to establish a good-natured and calm atmosphere in the family.

Now let's talk about what to do if the child is naturally slow, and this has nothing to do with his upbringing and family relationships. Parents with a sluggish child face many challenges every day. It all starts with the fact that the child dresses for a very long time, he needs a lot of time to wake up in the morning and put himself in order, and even more time to get ready for bed in the evening. A kindergarten teacher complains about a slow baby, since the baby is very slow to eat, he needs help to dress, he gets tired of with other children. Parents very often do not pay much attention to this.

You need to start working with such a child as early as possible, but the parents are inactive and safely send him to school. There, the kid begins to lag behind the class. Everyone is already closing notebooks and opening books, and the child is just finishing the task. Everyone has already eaten and is going to the lesson, and the child is just starting to eat the second. And it is at this time that the difference appears between phlegmatic children, who, although they dream on the go, still keep up with the class, without experiencing any problems, and truly slow kids with low mobility of nervous processes, the pace of activity of which is significantly different from most other children. Such sluggish children quickly begin to feel tired, as ordinary school life turns into a constant marathon for them. They never manage to keep up with class and end up with depression or a nervous breakdown.

How to deal with slowness

How to deal with slowness? Whatever the reason for the child's sluggishness, the very first thing parents should do is to convey this to the knowledge of the teacher. The teacher should not scold the child for what he simply is not able to do. Promise the teacher to work through the school material at home after class, and ask the teacher to show indulgence and understanding.

It is also very important to explain to the baby that he is slightly different from the rest of the children. There is nothing wrong with that if he is not keeping up with the class today. But at home, in a relaxed atmosphere, he can complete all tasks slowly and very carefully. When the child realizes his small flaw, come up with how you will deal with him. For example, you can perform daily special exercises... Or maybe the child wants to sign up to develop their speed and reaction.

A phlegmatic child can be helped by daily communication and outdoor games with other children. Such simple exercises will allow him to become more sociable, develop mobility and dexterity. And this will already be enough to be no different from the class.

A truly slow child not only needs speed training, but also the ability to release tension. Imagine yourself in his place. You live the way you used to, and all people walk, talk, ask and answer, change the topic of conversation and go to new job two times faster. And while you are not just walking and chatting with friends, you are forced to master a rather complex school curriculum. And all this at an unrealistically high pace for you. This is how a sluggish child feels from day to day. As a result, the baby accumulates stress, negative emotions and fatigue. You have to teach him to relax. For this, breathing exercises, walks in the woods and anything that helps to relieve stress are suitable.

Parents of a slow child have a difficult time. Because every day for many years they have to help their son or daughter to cope with stress. What should parents of a slow child always remember?

• It is useless to rush a slow child. His nervous system is designed in such a way that an increase in load leads to a slowdown in its work. And constant shouts and reproaches will only lead to the emergence of neurosis.
• Measure that the child does all the work exactly twice as slow as the rest.
• Also, the child slowly switches from one activity to another. He can assimilate the material normally, just give him time to switch.
• Slower is not worse! You can follow the quality with the utmost rigor. A slow nervous system does not in any way interfere with the accurate and correct execution of tasks.
• Speak slower. The child will understand you better. Believe me, it is difficult for a slow child to catch even the speech of a teacher at school, give him the opportunity to relax, at least being at home with his parents.
• Divide large tasks into several smaller ones. This will make it easier for the child to finish the job.
• Be creative in raising a slow child. Create short rhymes so that he gets dressed and prepares for lessons without delay, or, for example, draw posters so that he quickly goes through all the steps one after the other.
• Be more tolerant. And your child will grow up smart and healthy.

Lethargy is a symptom of certain diseases, usually the central nervous system and the brain, or a consequence of a strong psycho-emotional shock. This state of a person is characterized by the fact that he has a decrease in the speed of reaction to actions addressed to him or made by himself, a deterioration in concentration, more extended, with prolonged pauses in speech. In more complex cases, there may be a complete lack of reaction to surrounding events.

This state of a person should not be confused with or a chronic depressive state, since the latter is more of a psychological factor than a physiological one.

The true causes of inhibition can only be established by a qualified doctor. It is strongly not recommended to carry out treatment at your own discretion or ignore such a symptom, as this can lead to serious complications, including irreversible pathological processes.

Etiology

Inhibition of movements and thinking in a person can be observed with such pathological processes:

• head trauma;
• malignant or benign formations in the brain;
• diseases that affect the central nervous system;
• mental disorders;

In addition, a temporary state of slowness of reaction, movements and speech can be observed in the following cases:

• with alcoholic or drug intoxication;
• with constant lack of sleep;
• with frequent nervous overstrain, chronic;
• under circumstances that cause a person to feel fear, anxiety and panic;
• with a strong emotional shock.

Psychomotor retardation in a child may be due to the following etiological factors:

• vascular diseases of the brain;
• stressful situations;
• psychological disorders.

Depending on the underlying factor, this condition in a child can be temporary or chronic. It goes without saying that if such a symptom manifests itself in children, you should immediately consult a doctor, since the cause of the pathology can be dangerous to the baby's health.

Classification

There are the following types of inhibition according to the clinical picture:

• bradypsychia - inhibition of thinking;
• mental or ideational retardation;
• motor or motor retardation;
• emotional retardation.

Establishing the nature of this pathological process lies in the competence of only a qualified physician.

Symptoms

The nature of the clinical picture, in this case, will entirely depend on the underlying factor.

With damage to the brain and central nervous system the following clinical picture may be present:

• (hypersomnia), lethargy;
• , which, as the pathological process aggravates, will intensify. In more complex cases, the elimination of pain is impossible even with painkillers;
• memory impairment;
• decreased quality of cognitive abilities;
• the patient cannot concentrate on performing the usual actions. It is noteworthy that it is professional skills that are retained;
• sudden mood swings, traits appear in the patient's behavior that were not previously characteristic of him, attacks of aggression are most often observed;
• illogical perception of speech or actions addressed to him;
• speech becomes slow, the patient can find words with difficulty;
• and, which is most often observed in the morning;
• unstable blood pressure;

In a child, the general clinical picture, with this kind of pathology, can be supplemented by moodiness, constant crying, or, on the contrary, constant sleepiness and apathy for the usual favorite activities.

It should be noted that the above symptoms are observed after. If there is a suspicion that a person has had a seizure, emergency medical care should be called and urgently hospitalized. It is on the urgency and coherence of primary medical measures after a stroke that, to a greater extent, depends on whether a person will survive or not.

In the event that a mental disorder became the cause of a slow reaction in an adult, the following symptoms may be present:

• or drowsiness followed by an apathetic state;
• unreasonable attacks of aggression;
• a sharp change in mood;
• unreasonable attacks of fear, panic;
• suicidal mood, in some cases and actions in this direction;
• a state of chronic depression;
• visual or auditory hallucinations;
• delirium, illogical judgments;
• neglect of personal hygiene, sloppy appearance... At the same time, a person can be firmly convinced that everything is in order;
• excessive suspicion, the feeling that he is being watched;
• deterioration or complete loss of memory;
• incoherent speech, inability to express your point of view or specifically answer the simplest questions;
• loss in temporal and spatial orientation;
• feeling of constant tiredness.

You need to understand that such a person's condition can progress rapidly. Even with a temporary improvement in the patient's condition, one cannot say that the disease has been completely eliminated. In addition, such a person's state is extremely dangerous both for him and for the people around him. Consequently, treatment under the guidance of a specialized doctor and in an appropriate institution is, in some cases, mandatory.

Diagnostics

First of all, a physical examination of the patient is carried out. In most cases, this should be done with a person close to the patient, since, due to his condition, he is unlikely to be able to correctly answer the doctor's questions.

In this case, you may need to consult such specialists:

• If the cause of such a person's condition is either the central nervous system, then an operation is performed to remove it, followed by drug treatment and rehabilitation. The patient will also need rehabilitation after a stroke.

  Drug therapy may include the following drugs:

  • pain relievers;
  • sedatives;
  • antibiotics, if the disease is established infectious nature;
  • nootropic;
  • antidepressants;
  • tranquilizers;
  • drugs that restore glucose levels;
  • vitamin and mineral complex, which is selected individually.

  In addition, after completing the main course of treatment, the patient may be recommended to undergo a rehabilitation course in a specialized sanatorium.

  Subject to the timely and correct start of therapeutic measures, their full implementation, almost complete recovery is possible even after serious illnesses - oncology, stroke, psychiatric ailments.

  Prophylaxis

  Unfortunately, there are no specific methods of prevention. It is necessary to observe the regime of rest and work, to protect yourself from nervous experiences and stresses, to start the treatment of all diseases in a timely manner.